The McMurdoDryValleysofAntarcticaare a unique environment characterized by extreme lows in temperature and precipitation, which supports a low diversity microbial and multicellular fauna and flora. Terrestrial biomass...The McMurdoDryValleysofAntarcticaare a unique environment characterized by extreme lows in temperature and precipitation, which supports a low diversity microbial and multicellular fauna and flora. Terrestrial biomass is largely limited to soil microbes and mosses, while perennially ice-covered lakes host aerobic and anaerobic microbial communities, algae, and a low diversity eukaryotic fauna. This study provides a scanning electron microscope survey of the distribution of siliceous-walled algae in the water columns and surface sediments of fourTaylorValleylakes. No patterns of distribution of algae, chrysophyte cysts and diatoms, are detected, suggesting that cores taken from perennially ice-covered lakes contain basin-wide records, rather than records specific to the lake depth or other lake-specific criteria. Since Taylor Valley lakes became perennially ice-covered, shifts in diatom assemblages in cores are more likely to record changes to sediment and microfossil transport, e.g. the dominance of eolian vs. stream input, rather than other ecological conditions. Basin-wide records are episodically overprinted by lake-specific events, as demonstrated by a marked increase of the stream diatom genus Hantzschia during a period of increased stream flow into East Lake Bonney.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the generation of gravity waves due to prescribed initial axisymmetric disturbances created at the surface of an ice sheet covering the ocean with a porous bottom.The ice cover is modeled ...This paper is concerned with the generation of gravity waves due to prescribed initial axisymmetric disturbances created at the surface of an ice sheet covering the ocean with a porous bottom.The ice cover is modeled as a thin elastic plate,and the bottom porosity is described by a real parameter.Using linear theory,the problem is formulated as an initial value problem for the velocity potential describing the motion.In the mathematical analysis,the Laplace and Hankel transform techniques have been used to obtain the depression of the ice-covered surface in the form of a multiple infnite integral.This integral is evaluated asymptotically by the method of stationary phase twice for a long time and a large distance from the origin.Simple numerical computations are performed to illustrate the efect of the ice-covered surface and bottom porosity on the surface elevation,phase velocity,and group velocity of the surface gravity waves.Mainly the far-feld behavior of the progressive waves is observed in two diferent cases,namely initial depression and an impulse concentrated at the origin.From graphical representations,it is clearly visible that the presence of ice cover and a porous bottom decreases the wave amplitude.Due to the porous bottom,the amplitude of phase velocity decreases,whereas the amplitude of group velocity increases.展开更多
为研究电场及染污方式对覆冰复合绝缘子导电离子分布的影响,该文在低温、低气压人工气候室对两种染污方式下的35 k V复合绝缘子开展了带电和不带电雨凇覆冰试验。结合COMSOL软件仿真分析冰凌尖端水滴及覆冰滴水过程对绝缘子覆冰的影响,...为研究电场及染污方式对覆冰复合绝缘子导电离子分布的影响,该文在低温、低气压人工气候室对两种染污方式下的35 k V复合绝缘子开展了带电和不带电雨凇覆冰试验。结合COMSOL软件仿真分析冰凌尖端水滴及覆冰滴水过程对绝缘子覆冰的影响,揭示电场、染污方式和染污程度对覆冰绝缘子离子分布的影响规律。结果表明:电场对绝缘子覆冰形态、冰层及冰凌中离子分布和闪络电压均有显著的影响;在带电覆冰条件下,采用覆冰水电导率法时的冰层及冰凌融冰水电导率均低于不带电时;在不带电覆冰条件下,采用固体涂层法时的融冰水电导率远高于覆冰水电导率;绝缘子带电覆冰时的闪络电压高于不带电时,而闪络过程中的融冰水电导率低于不带电时。在分析绝缘子覆冰闪络时,应考虑晶释效应对其闪络特性的影响。展开更多
文摘The McMurdoDryValleysofAntarcticaare a unique environment characterized by extreme lows in temperature and precipitation, which supports a low diversity microbial and multicellular fauna and flora. Terrestrial biomass is largely limited to soil microbes and mosses, while perennially ice-covered lakes host aerobic and anaerobic microbial communities, algae, and a low diversity eukaryotic fauna. This study provides a scanning electron microscope survey of the distribution of siliceous-walled algae in the water columns and surface sediments of fourTaylorValleylakes. No patterns of distribution of algae, chrysophyte cysts and diatoms, are detected, suggesting that cores taken from perennially ice-covered lakes contain basin-wide records, rather than records specific to the lake depth or other lake-specific criteria. Since Taylor Valley lakes became perennially ice-covered, shifts in diatom assemblages in cores are more likely to record changes to sediment and microfossil transport, e.g. the dominance of eolian vs. stream input, rather than other ecological conditions. Basin-wide records are episodically overprinted by lake-specific events, as demonstrated by a marked increase of the stream diatom genus Hantzschia during a period of increased stream flow into East Lake Bonney.
文摘This paper is concerned with the generation of gravity waves due to prescribed initial axisymmetric disturbances created at the surface of an ice sheet covering the ocean with a porous bottom.The ice cover is modeled as a thin elastic plate,and the bottom porosity is described by a real parameter.Using linear theory,the problem is formulated as an initial value problem for the velocity potential describing the motion.In the mathematical analysis,the Laplace and Hankel transform techniques have been used to obtain the depression of the ice-covered surface in the form of a multiple infnite integral.This integral is evaluated asymptotically by the method of stationary phase twice for a long time and a large distance from the origin.Simple numerical computations are performed to illustrate the efect of the ice-covered surface and bottom porosity on the surface elevation,phase velocity,and group velocity of the surface gravity waves.Mainly the far-feld behavior of the progressive waves is observed in two diferent cases,namely initial depression and an impulse concentrated at the origin.From graphical representations,it is clearly visible that the presence of ice cover and a porous bottom decreases the wave amplitude.Due to the porous bottom,the amplitude of phase velocity decreases,whereas the amplitude of group velocity increases.
文摘为研究电场及染污方式对覆冰复合绝缘子导电离子分布的影响,该文在低温、低气压人工气候室对两种染污方式下的35 k V复合绝缘子开展了带电和不带电雨凇覆冰试验。结合COMSOL软件仿真分析冰凌尖端水滴及覆冰滴水过程对绝缘子覆冰的影响,揭示电场、染污方式和染污程度对覆冰绝缘子离子分布的影响规律。结果表明:电场对绝缘子覆冰形态、冰层及冰凌中离子分布和闪络电压均有显著的影响;在带电覆冰条件下,采用覆冰水电导率法时的冰层及冰凌融冰水电导率均低于不带电时;在不带电覆冰条件下,采用固体涂层法时的融冰水电导率远高于覆冰水电导率;绝缘子带电覆冰时的闪络电压高于不带电时,而闪络过程中的融冰水电导率低于不带电时。在分析绝缘子覆冰闪络时,应考虑晶释效应对其闪络特性的影响。
