The transport of water from subducting crust into the mantle is mainly dictated by the stability of hydrous minerals in subduction zones. The thermal structure of subduction zones is a key to dehydration of the subduc...The transport of water from subducting crust into the mantle is mainly dictated by the stability of hydrous minerals in subduction zones. The thermal structure of subduction zones is a key to dehydration of the subducting crust at different depths. Oceanic subduction zones show a large variation in the geotherm, but seismicity and arc volcanism are only prominent in cold subduction zones where geothermal gradients are low. In contrast, continental subduction zones have low geothermal gradients, resulting in metamorphism in cold subduction zones and the absence of arc volcanism during subduction. In very cold subduction zone where the geothermal gradient is very low(?5?C/km), lawsonite may carry water into great depths of ?300 km. In the hot subduction zone where the geothermal gradient is high(>25?C/km), the subducting crust dehydrates significantly at shallow depths and may partially melt at depths of <80 km to form felsic melts, into which water is highly dissolved. In this case, only a minor amount of water can be transported into great depths. A number of intermediate modes are present between these two end-member dehydration modes, making subduction-zone dehydration various. Low-T/low-P hydrous minerals are not stable in warm subduction zones with increasing subduction depths and thus break down at forearc depths of ?60–80 km to release large amounts of water. In contrast, the low-T/low-P hydrous minerals are replaced by low-T/high-P hydrous minerals in cold subduction zones with increasing subduction depths, allowing the water to be transported to subarc depths of 80–160 km. In either case, dehydration reactions not only trigger seismicity in the subducting crust but also cause hydration of the mantle wedge. Nevertheless, there are still minor amounts of water to be transported by ultrahigh-pressure hydrous minerals and nominally anhydrous minerals into the deeper mantle. The mantle wedge overlying the subducting slab does not partially melt upon water influx for volcanic arc magmatism, but it is hydrat展开更多
The effect of paleo-Pacific subduction on the geological evolution of the western Pacific and continental China is likely complex. Nevertheless, our analysis of the distribution of Mesozoic granitoids in the eastern c...The effect of paleo-Pacific subduction on the geological evolution of the western Pacific and continental China is likely complex. Nevertheless, our analysis of the distribution of Mesozoic granitoids in the eastern continental China in space and time has led us to an interesting conclusion： The basement of the continental shelf beneath East and South China Seas may actually be of exotic origin geologically unrelated to the continental lithosphere of eastern China. By accepting the notion that the Jurassic- Cretaceous granitoids in the region are genetically associated with western Pacific subduction and the concept that subduction may cease to continue only if the trench is being jammed, then the termination of the granitoid magmatism throughout the vast region at -88±2 Ma manifests the likelihood of ＂sudden＂, or shortly beforehand （- 100 Ma）, trench jam of the Mesozoic western Pacific subduction. Trench jam happens if the incoming ＂plate＂ or portion of the plate contains a sizeable mass that is too buoyant to subduct. The best candidate for such a buoyant and unsubductable mass is either an oceanic plateau or a micro-continent. We hypothesize that the basement of the Chinese continental shelf represents such an exotic, buoyant and unsubductable mass, rather than seaward extension of the continental lithosphere of eastern China. The locus of the jammed trench （i.e., the suture） is predictably located on the shelf in the vicinity of, and parallel to, the arc-curved coastal line of the southeast continental China. It is not straightforward to locate the locus in the northern section of the East China Sea shelf because of the more recent （〈20 Ma） tectonic re-organization associated with the opening of the Sea of Japan. We predict that the trench jam at - 100 Ma led to the re-orientation of the Pacific plate motion in the course of NNW direction as inferred from the age-progressive Emperor Seamount Chain of Hawaiian hotspot origin （its oldest unsubdued Meiji and Detroit seamounts are -82 M展开更多
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion hybrid capacitors and zincion batteries are promising safe energy storage systems.In this study,amorphous RuO2·H2O for the first time was employed to achieve fast and ultralong-life ...Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion hybrid capacitors and zincion batteries are promising safe energy storage systems.In this study,amorphous RuO2·H2O for the first time was employed to achieve fast and ultralong-life Zn2+storage based on a pseudocapacitive storage mechanism.In the RuO2·H2O||Zn zinc-ion hybrid capacitors with Zn(CF3SO3)2 aqueous electrolyte,the RuO2·H2O cathode can reversibly store Zn2+in a voltage window of 0.4-1.6 V(vs.Zn/Zn2+),delivering a high discharge capacity of 122 mAh g?1.In particular,the zinc-ion hybrid capacitors can be rapidly charged/discharged within 36 s with a very high power density of 16.74 kW kg?1 and a high energy density of 82 Wh kg?1.Besides,the zinc-ion hybrid capacitors demonstrate an ultralong cycle life(over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles).The kinetic analysis elucidates that the ultrafast Zn2+storage in the RuO2·H2O cathode originates from redox pseudocapacitive reactions.This work could greatly facilitate the development of high-power and safe electrochemical energy storage.展开更多
To understand the effect of precipitation pH and coexisting Mg^(2+) on phosphate adsorption onto zirconium oxide(ZrO_2), ZrO_2 particles precipitated at pH 5.3, 7.1 and 10.5, i.e., ZrO_2(5.3), ZrO_2(7.1)and ZrO_2(10.5...To understand the effect of precipitation pH and coexisting Mg^(2+) on phosphate adsorption onto zirconium oxide(ZrO_2), ZrO_2 particles precipitated at pH 5.3, 7.1 and 10.5, i.e., ZrO_2(5.3), ZrO_2(7.1)and ZrO_2(10.5), respectively were prepared and characterized, then their adsorption performance and mechanism in the absence and presence of Mg^(2+) were comparatively investigated in this study. The results showed that the Elovich, pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models correlated with the experimental data well. The adsorption mechanism involved the complexation between phosphate and zirconium. Coexisting Mg^(2+) slightly inhibited the adsorption of phosphate on ZrO_2(5.3), including the adsorption capacity and rate, but coexisting Mg^(2+) greatly increased the adsorption capacity and rate for ZrO_2(7.1)and ZrO_2(10.5). The enhanced adsorption of phosphate on ZrO_2(7.1) and ZrO_2(10.5) in the presence of Mg^(2+) was mainly due to the formation of Mg^(2+)-HPO_4^(2-) ion pair(MgHPO_4~0) in the solution and then the adsorption of MgHPO_4~0 on the adsorbent surface, forming the phosphatebridged ternary complex Zr(OPO_3H)Mg. In the absence of Mg^(2+) , the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity at pH 7 calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model decreased in the order of ZrO 2(7.1)(67.3 mg/g) > ZrO_2(5.3)(53.6 mg/g) ≈ ZrO_2(10.5)(53.1 mg/g), but it followed the order of Zr O2(7.1)(97.0 mg/g) > ZrO_2(10.5)(79.7 mg/g) > ZrO_2(5.3)(51.3 mg/g) in the presence of Mg^(2+) . The results of this work suggest that ZrO_2(7.1) is more suitable for use as an adsorbent for the effective removal of phosphate from municipal wastewater than ZrO_2(5.3) and ZrO_2(10.5),because Mg^(2+) is generally present in this wastewater.展开更多
In order to recognize the impact of aqueous medium on gas yields and the kinetic behaviors of hydrogen isotope fractionation during organic matter thermal degradation, the gold tube apparatus was used to conduct therm...In order to recognize the impact of aqueous medium on gas yields and the kinetic behaviors of hydrogen isotope fractionation during organic matter thermal degradation, the gold tube apparatus was used to conduct thermal simulation experiments by mixing the nC18 with the water of different properties and proportions. The yields of natural gas components, the relation among hydrogen isotope composition of each component and the experimental temperatures vs. heating rates have been obtained, and the results indicate that under the higher temperature conditions, the hydrous experiment has obvious impact on gas yields, such as when more water is added, higher amounts of hydrocarbon gas and H2 are yielded, and the existence of water obviously prolongs the temperature interval with the existence of heavy hydrocarbon gas. It also shows that the hydrogen isotope of hydrocarbon gas generated by the hydrous experiment is obviously lighter than that generated by the anhydrous experiment, and with the increasing amount of added water, the δD value of hydrocarbon gas gradually decreases. Compared with gas yields, the variation of δD value is more sensitive to aqueous medium in the thermal simulation experiment. However, compared with the amount of the added water, the aqueous medium property has smaller impact on the gas yields, which still shows the inherit effect on hydrogen isotope composition of aqueous medium. Through the model simulation and the isotope fractionation behavior analysis, it is validated that the hydrogen isotope fractionation process can be well described by the chemical kinetic model. The difference of reaction fraction of normal methane and D-containing methane is large, corresponding to the same activation energy. The content of normal methane is obviously higher in the part with lower activation energy, while the content of D-containing methane is higher in the part with higher activation energy. Therefore, it will result in larger hydrogen isotope fractionation amplitude, and the δD values will be 展开更多
A novel Fe/amine modified chitosan composite(Fe/N-CS) was facilely synthesized and showed higher affinity to both Zn(Ⅱ) and cefazolin(CEF) than its precursors.Synergistic co-adsorption of them by Fe/NCS was observed ...A novel Fe/amine modified chitosan composite(Fe/N-CS) was facilely synthesized and showed higher affinity to both Zn(Ⅱ) and cefazolin(CEF) than its precursors.Synergistic co-adsorption of them by Fe/NCS was observed in varied conditions.The adsorption amount maximally increased by 100.1% for Zn and68.2% for CEF in bi-solute systems.The initial adsorption rate of Zn(Ⅱ) also improved with CEF.The increasing temperature facilitated coadsorption.The results of the preloading tests,FTIR/XPS characterizations and DFT calculations suggested that(1) both polyamines and Fe sites participated in the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) and CEF,(2) Zn(Ⅱ) could serve as a new efficient site for CEF,forming [amineZn-CEF]/[FeOH-Zn-CEF] ternary complexes,and(3) the co-presence of CEF shielded the electrostatic repulsion between protonated amines and Zn(Ⅱ),contributing to the enhancement of Zn(Ⅱ) adsorption.Further,the ion strength exerted positive and negative influences on the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) and CEF,respectively.Additionally,CEF and Zn(Ⅱ) were successively recovered by 0.1 mol/L NaOH followed by2 mmol/L HCl.Fe/N-CS could be stably reused five times.The findings imply that Fe/N-CS is promising for the highly efficient co-removal of concurrent heavy metals and antibiotics.展开更多
The reconstruction of paleo-elevation serves a dual purpose to enhance our comprehension of geodynamic processes affecting terrestrial landforms and to contribute significantly to the interpretation of atmospheric cir...The reconstruction of paleo-elevation serves a dual purpose to enhance our comprehension of geodynamic processes affecting terrestrial landforms and to contribute significantly to the interpretation of atmospheric circulation and biodiversity.The oxygen(δ~(18)O_w)and deuterium(δD_w)isotopes in atmospheric precipitation are systematically depleted with the increase of altitude,which are typical and widely applicated paleo-altimeters.The utilization of hydrogen isotope of hydrous silicate minerals within the shear zone system,volcanic glass,and plant leaf wax alkanes offers valuable insights for addressing evaporation and diagenesis.In this paper,we review the principle,application conditions,and influencing factors of the hydrogen isotope paleo-altimeter.In addition,we discuss the feasibility of utilizing this technique for quantitatively estimating the paleo-elevation of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,where multiple shear zones extend over hundred kilometers parallel to the topographic gradient.展开更多
The trace element compositions of melts and minerals from high-pressure experiments on hydrous pyroxenites containing K-richterite are presented. The experiments used mixtures of a third each of the natural minerals c...The trace element compositions of melts and minerals from high-pressure experiments on hydrous pyroxenites containing K-richterite are presented. The experiments used mixtures of a third each of the natural minerals clinopyroxene, phlogopite and K-richterite, some with the addition of 5% of an accessory phase ilmenite, rutile or apatite. Although the major element compositions of melts resemble natural lamproites, the trace element contents of most trace elements from the three-mineral mixture are much lower than in lamproites. Apatite is required in the source to provide high abundances of the rare earth elements, and either rutile and/or ilmenite is required to provide the high field strength elements Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. Phlogopite controls the high levels of Rb, Cs and Ba.Since abundances of trace elements in the various starting mixtures vary strongly because of the use of natural minerals, we calculated mineral/melt partition coefficients (DMin/melt) using mineral modes and melting reactions and present trace element patterns for different degrees of partial melting of hydrous pyroxenites. Rb, Cs and Ba are compatible in phlogopite and the partition coefficient ratio phlogopite/K-richterite is high for Ba (136) and Rb (12). All melts have low contents of most of the first row transition elements, particularly Ni and Cu ((0.1-0.01)×primitive mantle). Nickel has high DMin/melt for all the major minerals (12 for K-richterite, 9.2 for phlogopite and 5.6 for Cpx) and so behaves at least as compatibly as in melting of peridotites. Fluorine/chlorine ratios in melts are high and DMin/melt for fluorine decreases in the order apatite (2.2) > phlogopite (1.5) > K-richterite (0.87). The requirement for apatite and at least one Ti-oxide in the source of natural lamproites holds for mica pyroxenites that lack K-richterite. The results are used to model isotopic ageing in hydrous pyroxenite source rocks: phlogopite controls Sr isotopes, so that lamproites with relatively low 87Sr/86Sr must come from phlogopite-poor sou展开更多
Using high pressure and geological condition simulation vessels, we conducted hydrous pyrolysis experiments of kerogen, solid bitumen and liquid hydrocarbons in southern China in order to study the processes of gas ge...Using high pressure and geological condition simulation vessels, we conducted hydrous pyrolysis experiments of kerogen, solid bitumen and liquid hydrocarbons in southern China in order to study the processes of gas generation and derive geo- chemical indicators of gas genesis under approximate pressure and temperature. The results indicate that gas generation productivity of different marine material decreased in the ganic matter （solid bitumen and heavy oil）, and kerogen. order of crude oil （light oil and condensate）, dispersed soluble or- Under identical temperature-pressure regimes, pyrolysates derived from kerogen and dispersed soluble organic matter display drastically different geochemical characteristics. For example, the δ13Cc02-δ13C1 values of gaseous products from dispersed soluble organic matter are greater than 20%o, whereas those from kerogen are less than 20%~. The 813C1 values of pyrolysates from different marine hydrocarbon sources generally increase with pyrolysis temperature, but are always lower than those of the source precursors. The δ13C values of ethane and propane in the pyrolysates also increase with increasing pyrolysis temperature, eventually approaching that of their sources, at peak hydro- carbon generation. At high-over mature stages, the δ13C values of ethane and propane are often greater than those of their sources but close to those of coal gases, and thus become ineffective as gas genetic indicators. Ln（CffC3） can clearly distin- guish kerogen degradation gas from oil cracking gas and Ln（CJC2）-（δ13C1-δ13C2） can be an effective indicator for distinguishing oil cracking gas from dispersed soluble organic matter cracking gas.展开更多
Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle batteries.Hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate solution.Maximum fluoride remo...Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle batteries.Hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate solution.Maximum fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5,considering Zr solubility.Fluoride availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous species.Fluoride removal is initially rapid,with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,followed by slow removal up to 68 wt.%after 72 h and follows second order rate kinetics.Fluoride removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free solution.HZO maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.展开更多
Polymer-supported hydrous iron oxides(HFOs) are promising for heavy metals removal from aqueous systems.The ubiquitous inorganic ligands, e.g., sulfate, are expected to exert considerable impacts on pollutants removal...Polymer-supported hydrous iron oxides(HFOs) are promising for heavy metals removal from aqueous systems.The ubiquitous inorganic ligands, e.g., sulfate, are expected to exert considerable impacts on pollutants removal by these hybrid sorbents. Herein, we obtained a hybrid sorbent HFO-PS by encapsulating nanosized HFO into macroporous polystyrene(PS) resin. Both batch and column sorption experiments of Cu(Ⅱ) by HFO-PS were carried out in the presence of sulfate. Obviously, the presence of sulfate is favorable for Cu(Ⅱ) sorption onto HFO-PS.The performances of column Cu(Ⅱ) removal were fitted and predicted with Adams–Bohart, Clark, Thomas and BDST models. Thomas model is suggested best-fit to predict the breakthrough curves. Besides, a linear correlation is observed between breakthrough time and column length based on BDST model, which might be useful for predicting the breakthrough time for Cu(Ⅱ) removal by HFO-PS.展开更多
Aqueous rechargeable zinc-based batteries have attracted increasing interest and been considered potential alternatives for state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries because of the low cost and high safety.Many cathode m...Aqueous rechargeable zinc-based batteries have attracted increasing interest and been considered potential alternatives for state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries because of the low cost and high safety.Many cathode materials have been gradually developed and demonstrated excellent electrochemical performances.However,the complex electrochemistry,inevitable hydrogen release,and zinc corrosion severely hinder the practical application.The most concerned Zn-MnO_(2)batteries still suffer from the Mn dissolution and formation of byproducts.By adding organic solvents to inhibit the activity of water molecules,the hydrous organic electrolytes provide a sound solution for eliminating the unfavorable factors.Here we report a tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether-based hydrous organic electrolyte consisting of LiClO_(4)·3H_(2)O and Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O,and a birnessite-type MnO_(2)cathode material for Zn-MnO_(2)batteries.The Li+/Zn2+ions co-(de)insertion mechanism is ascertained by the structural and morphological analyses.The electrostatic interaction between inserted ions and crystal structure is reduced effectively by employment of monovalent Li+ions,which ensures structural stability of cathode materials.Hydrous tetraglyme electrolyte inhibits the activity of water molecules and thus avoids the formation of byproduct Zn_(4)ClO_(4)(OH)7·Meanwhile,highly stable Zn plating/stripping for over 1500 h,an average coulombic efficiency of>99%in long-term cycling,and ultralong storage life(the cells can work well after stored over 1 year)are simultaneously realized in the novel electrolyte.Benefitting from these aspects,the Zn-MnO_(2)batteries manifest high specific capacity of 132 mA h g^(-1),an operating voltage of 1.25 V,and a capacity retention of>98%after 1000 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g^(-1).展开更多
Developing efficient and highly selective catalyst to promote hydrogen generation from hydrous hydrazine(N_(2)H_(4)·H_(2)O) and hydrazine borane(N_(2)H_(4)BH_(3))remains a challenging issue for fuel cell-based hy...Developing efficient and highly selective catalyst to promote hydrogen generation from hydrous hydrazine(N_(2)H_(4)·H_(2)O) and hydrazine borane(N_(2)H_(4)BH_(3))remains a challenging issue for fuel cell-based hydrogen economy.In this work,ultrafine and well-dispersed bimetallic NiPt nanoparticles(3.4 nm) were successfully immobilized on Y_(2)O_(3)-functionalized graphene(Y_(2)O_(3)/rGO) without any surfactant by a simple liquid impregnation approach.It is firstly found that integration of graphene and Y_(2)O_(3) not only can facilitate the formation of ultrafine NiPt nanoparticles(NPs),but also can effectively modulate the electronic structure of NiPt NPs,thereby boosting the catalytic performance.Compared with NiPt/Y_(2)O_(3) and NiPt/rGO,the NiPt/Y_(2)O_(3)/rGO nanocomposites(NCs) show remarkable enhanced catalytic efficiency for hydrogen production from N_(2)H_(4)-H_(2)O.In particular,the optimized Ni_(0.6)Pt_(0.4/)Y_(2)O_(3)/rGO NCs display the best catalytic efficiency and 100% H_(2) selectivity for N_(2)H_(4)-H_(2)O dehydrogenation,providing a turnover frequency(TOF) of2182 h^(-1) at 323 K,which is among the highest values ever reported.Moreover,the Ni_(0.6)Pt_(0.4)/Y_(2)O_(3)/rGO NCs also exhibit an excellent catalytic performance(TOF=3191 h^(-1)) and 100% H_(2) selectively for N_(2)H_(4)BH_(3)dehydrogenation at 323 K.The outstanding catalytic results obtained provide more possibilities for the potential applications of N_(2)H_(4)·H_(2)O and N_(2)H_(4)BH_(3) as promising chemical hydrogen storage materials.展开更多
Hydrous minerals are important water carriers in the crust and the mantle, especially in the subduction zone. With the recent development of the experimental technique, studies of the electrical conductivity of hydrou...Hydrous minerals are important water carriers in the crust and the mantle, especially in the subduction zone. With the recent development of the experimental technique, studies of the electrical conductivity of hydrous silicate minerals under controlled temperature, pressure and oxygen fugacity, have helped to constrain the water distribution in the Earth's interior. This paper introduces high pressure and temperature experimental study of electrical conductivity measurement of hydrous minerals such as serpentine, talc, brucite, phase A, super hydrous phase B and phase D, and assesses the data quality of the above minerals. The dehydration effect and the pressure effect on the bulk conductivity of the hydrous minerals are specifically emphasized. The conduction mechanism of hydrous minerals and the electrical structure of the subduction zone are discussed based on the available conductivity data. Finally, the potential research fields of the electrical conductivity of hydrous minerals is presented.展开更多
The title ternary complex Nd[(C5H8NS2)3(C12H8N2)] has been synthesized in absolute ethanol by the reaction of NdCl33.74H2O with ammonium pyrrolidinyldithiocarboxylate (APDC) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phenH2O) at air at...The title ternary complex Nd[(C5H8NS2)3(C12H8N2)] has been synthesized in absolute ethanol by the reaction of NdCl33.74H2O with ammonium pyrrolidinyldithiocarboxylate (APDC) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phenH2O) at air atmosphere without any cautions against moisture. The bonding characteristics of the complex were characterized by IR, showing that Nd3+ is bonded with sulfur atom in the APDC and coordinated with nitrogen atom in the phen. TG-DTG investigation indicates that the title complex was decomposed into Nd2S3 and deposited carbon in one step where Nd2S3 predominated in the final products. The enthalpy change of formation of the reaction on the title com-plex in liquid-phase has been determined by a microcalorimeter. Thermodynamic parameters (the activation en-thalpy, the activation entropy and the activation free energy) and kinetics parameters (the rate constant, the apparent activation energy, the pre-exponential constant and the reaction order) of the title reaction have been calculated. The enthalpy change of the solid-phase reaction has been obtained by a thermochemistry cycle.展开更多
A ternary solid complex Yb（Et2dtc）3（phen） was obtained from the reaction of hydrous ytterbium chloride with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate （NaEt2dtc）, and 1, 10-phenanthroline （o-phen·H2O） in absolute etha...A ternary solid complex Yb（Et2dtc）3（phen） was obtained from the reaction of hydrous ytterbium chloride with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate （NaEt2dtc）, and 1, 10-phenanthroline （o-phen·H2O） in absolute ethanol. The bonding characteristics of the complex were characterized by IR. The result shows Yb3^＋ bands with two sulfur atoms in the Na（Et2dtc）3 and two nitrogen atoms in the o-phen. The enthalpy change of liquid-phase reaction of formation of the complex △rHm^θ（Ⅰ）, was determined as being （-24.838±0.114） kJ·mol^-1 at 298.15 K, by an RD-496 Ⅲ type heat conduction microcalormeter. The enthalpy change of the solid-phase reaction of formation of the complex △rHm^θ（s）, was calculated as being （108.015±0.479） kJ·mol^-1 on the basis of an appropriate thermochemistry cycle. The thermodynamics of liquid-phase reaction of formation of the complex was investigated by changing the temperature during the liquid-phase reaction. Fundamental parameters, the activation enthalpy, △H≠^θ, the activation entropy, △S≠^θ, the activation free energy,△G≠^θ, the apparent reaction rate constant k, the apparent activation energy E, the pre-exponential constant A, and the reaction order n, were obtained by a combination of the reaction thermodynamic and kinetic equations with the data from the thermokinetic expenments. At the same time, the molar heat capacity of the complex cm. p, Was determined to be （86.34± 1.74） J·mol^-1·K^-1 by the same microcalormeter. The constant-volume combus- tion energy of the complex, △cU, was determined to be （ - 17954.08 ± 8.11） kJ·mol^-1 by an RBC-Ⅱ type rotating-bomb calo- rimeter at 298.15 K. Its standard enthalpy of combustion, △cHm^θ, and standard enthalpy of formation, △fHm^θ, were calculated to be （- 17973.29±8.11） kJ·mol^-1 and （-770.36±9.02） kJ·mol^-1, respectively.展开更多
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41590620)the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.2015CB856100)
文摘The transport of water from subducting crust into the mantle is mainly dictated by the stability of hydrous minerals in subduction zones. The thermal structure of subduction zones is a key to dehydration of the subducting crust at different depths. Oceanic subduction zones show a large variation in the geotherm, but seismicity and arc volcanism are only prominent in cold subduction zones where geothermal gradients are low. In contrast, continental subduction zones have low geothermal gradients, resulting in metamorphism in cold subduction zones and the absence of arc volcanism during subduction. In very cold subduction zone where the geothermal gradient is very low(?5?C/km), lawsonite may carry water into great depths of ?300 km. In the hot subduction zone where the geothermal gradient is high(>25?C/km), the subducting crust dehydrates significantly at shallow depths and may partially melt at depths of <80 km to form felsic melts, into which water is highly dissolved. In this case, only a minor amount of water can be transported into great depths. A number of intermediate modes are present between these two end-member dehydration modes, making subduction-zone dehydration various. Low-T/low-P hydrous minerals are not stable in warm subduction zones with increasing subduction depths and thus break down at forearc depths of ?60–80 km to release large amounts of water. In contrast, the low-T/low-P hydrous minerals are replaced by low-T/high-P hydrous minerals in cold subduction zones with increasing subduction depths, allowing the water to be transported to subarc depths of 80–160 km. In either case, dehydration reactions not only trigger seismicity in the subducting crust but also cause hydration of the mantle wedge. Nevertheless, there are still minor amounts of water to be transported by ultrahigh-pressure hydrous minerals and nominally anhydrous minerals into the deeper mantle. The mantle wedge overlying the subducting slab does not partially melt upon water influx for volcanic arc magmatism, but it is hydrat
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41130314,91014003)Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation(Y42217101L),grants from Regional and Local Authorities(Shandong Province and City of Qingdao)+1 种基金supported by National Oceanography Laboratory in Qingdaosupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)
文摘The effect of paleo-Pacific subduction on the geological evolution of the western Pacific and continental China is likely complex. Nevertheless, our analysis of the distribution of Mesozoic granitoids in the eastern continental China in space and time has led us to an interesting conclusion： The basement of the continental shelf beneath East and South China Seas may actually be of exotic origin geologically unrelated to the continental lithosphere of eastern China. By accepting the notion that the Jurassic- Cretaceous granitoids in the region are genetically associated with western Pacific subduction and the concept that subduction may cease to continue only if the trench is being jammed, then the termination of the granitoid magmatism throughout the vast region at -88±2 Ma manifests the likelihood of ＂sudden＂, or shortly beforehand （- 100 Ma）, trench jam of the Mesozoic western Pacific subduction. Trench jam happens if the incoming ＂plate＂ or portion of the plate contains a sizeable mass that is too buoyant to subduct. The best candidate for such a buoyant and unsubductable mass is either an oceanic plateau or a micro-continent. We hypothesize that the basement of the Chinese continental shelf represents such an exotic, buoyant and unsubductable mass, rather than seaward extension of the continental lithosphere of eastern China. The locus of the jammed trench （i.e., the suture） is predictably located on the shelf in the vicinity of, and parallel to, the arc-curved coastal line of the southeast continental China. It is not straightforward to locate the locus in the northern section of the East China Sea shelf because of the more recent （〈20 Ma） tectonic re-organization associated with the opening of the Sea of Japan. We predict that the trench jam at - 100 Ma led to the re-orientation of the Pacific plate motion in the course of NNW direction as inferred from the age-progressive Emperor Seamount Chain of Hawaiian hotspot origin （its oldest unsubdued Meiji and Detroit seamounts are -82 M
基金the financial support by the Australian Research Council through the ARC Discovery projects(DP160104340 and DP170100436)Rail Manufacturing Cooperative Research Centre(RMCRC 1.1.1 and RMCRC 1.1.2 projects)+1 种基金financially supported by the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2016YFE0102200)Shenzhen Technical Plan Project(No.JCYJ20160301154114273).
文摘Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion hybrid capacitors and zincion batteries are promising safe energy storage systems.In this study,amorphous RuO2·H2O for the first time was employed to achieve fast and ultralong-life Zn2+storage based on a pseudocapacitive storage mechanism.In the RuO2·H2O||Zn zinc-ion hybrid capacitors with Zn(CF3SO3)2 aqueous electrolyte,the RuO2·H2O cathode can reversibly store Zn2+in a voltage window of 0.4-1.6 V(vs.Zn/Zn2+),delivering a high discharge capacity of 122 mAh g?1.In particular,the zinc-ion hybrid capacitors can be rapidly charged/discharged within 36 s with a very high power density of 16.74 kW kg?1 and a high energy density of 82 Wh kg?1.Besides,the zinc-ion hybrid capacitors demonstrate an ultralong cycle life(over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles).The kinetic analysis elucidates that the ultrafast Zn2+storage in the RuO2·H2O cathode originates from redox pseudocapacitive reactions.This work could greatly facilitate the development of high-power and safe electrochemical energy storage.
基金supported by the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (No.15ZR1420700)the National Science Foundation of China (Nos.51408354 and 50908142)the Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (No.10230502900)
文摘To understand the effect of precipitation pH and coexisting Mg^(2+) on phosphate adsorption onto zirconium oxide(ZrO_2), ZrO_2 particles precipitated at pH 5.3, 7.1 and 10.5, i.e., ZrO_2(5.3), ZrO_2(7.1)and ZrO_2(10.5), respectively were prepared and characterized, then their adsorption performance and mechanism in the absence and presence of Mg^(2+) were comparatively investigated in this study. The results showed that the Elovich, pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models correlated with the experimental data well. The adsorption mechanism involved the complexation between phosphate and zirconium. Coexisting Mg^(2+) slightly inhibited the adsorption of phosphate on ZrO_2(5.3), including the adsorption capacity and rate, but coexisting Mg^(2+) greatly increased the adsorption capacity and rate for ZrO_2(7.1)and ZrO_2(10.5). The enhanced adsorption of phosphate on ZrO_2(7.1) and ZrO_2(10.5) in the presence of Mg^(2+) was mainly due to the formation of Mg^(2+)-HPO_4^(2-) ion pair(MgHPO_4~0) in the solution and then the adsorption of MgHPO_4~0 on the adsorbent surface, forming the phosphatebridged ternary complex Zr(OPO_3H)Mg. In the absence of Mg^(2+) , the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity at pH 7 calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model decreased in the order of ZrO 2(7.1)(67.3 mg/g) > ZrO_2(5.3)(53.6 mg/g) ≈ ZrO_2(10.5)(53.1 mg/g), but it followed the order of Zr O2(7.1)(97.0 mg/g) > ZrO_2(10.5)(79.7 mg/g) > ZrO_2(5.3)(51.3 mg/g) in the presence of Mg^(2+) . The results of this work suggest that ZrO_2(7.1) is more suitable for use as an adsorbent for the effective removal of phosphate from municipal wastewater than ZrO_2(5.3) and ZrO_2(10.5),because Mg^(2+) is generally present in this wastewater.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(40972101,40572079)the National Key Basic Research and Development Program (2009CB219306)
文摘In order to recognize the impact of aqueous medium on gas yields and the kinetic behaviors of hydrogen isotope fractionation during organic matter thermal degradation, the gold tube apparatus was used to conduct thermal simulation experiments by mixing the nC18 with the water of different properties and proportions. The yields of natural gas components, the relation among hydrogen isotope composition of each component and the experimental temperatures vs. heating rates have been obtained, and the results indicate that under the higher temperature conditions, the hydrous experiment has obvious impact on gas yields, such as when more water is added, higher amounts of hydrocarbon gas and H2 are yielded, and the existence of water obviously prolongs the temperature interval with the existence of heavy hydrocarbon gas. It also shows that the hydrogen isotope of hydrocarbon gas generated by the hydrous experiment is obviously lighter than that generated by the anhydrous experiment, and with the increasing amount of added water, the δD value of hydrocarbon gas gradually decreases. Compared with gas yields, the variation of δD value is more sensitive to aqueous medium in the thermal simulation experiment. However, compared with the amount of the added water, the aqueous medium property has smaller impact on the gas yields, which still shows the inherit effect on hydrogen isotope composition of aqueous medium. Through the model simulation and the isotope fractionation behavior analysis, it is validated that the hydrogen isotope fractionation process can be well described by the chemical kinetic model. The difference of reaction fraction of normal methane and D-containing methane is large, corresponding to the same activation energy. The content of normal methane is obviously higher in the part with lower activation energy, while the content of D-containing methane is higher in the part with higher activation energy. Therefore, it will result in larger hydrogen isotope fractionation amplitude, and the δD values will be
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51708281)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20170647)State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Open Funding Project(No. PCRRF18022)
文摘A novel Fe/amine modified chitosan composite(Fe/N-CS) was facilely synthesized and showed higher affinity to both Zn(Ⅱ) and cefazolin(CEF) than its precursors.Synergistic co-adsorption of them by Fe/NCS was observed in varied conditions.The adsorption amount maximally increased by 100.1% for Zn and68.2% for CEF in bi-solute systems.The initial adsorption rate of Zn(Ⅱ) also improved with CEF.The increasing temperature facilitated coadsorption.The results of the preloading tests,FTIR/XPS characterizations and DFT calculations suggested that(1) both polyamines and Fe sites participated in the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) and CEF,(2) Zn(Ⅱ) could serve as a new efficient site for CEF,forming [amineZn-CEF]/[FeOH-Zn-CEF] ternary complexes,and(3) the co-presence of CEF shielded the electrostatic repulsion between protonated amines and Zn(Ⅱ),contributing to the enhancement of Zn(Ⅱ) adsorption.Further,the ion strength exerted positive and negative influences on the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) and CEF,respectively.Additionally,CEF and Zn(Ⅱ) were successively recovered by 0.1 mol/L NaOH followed by2 mmol/L HCl.Fe/N-CS could be stably reused five times.The findings imply that Fe/N-CS is promising for the highly efficient co-removal of concurrent heavy metals and antibiotics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development program of China(Grant No.2021YFC3000604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42030305,42272257)sponsored by State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration(Grant No.LED2022B04)。
文摘The reconstruction of paleo-elevation serves a dual purpose to enhance our comprehension of geodynamic processes affecting terrestrial landforms and to contribute significantly to the interpretation of atmospheric circulation and biodiversity.The oxygen(δ~(18)O_w)and deuterium(δD_w)isotopes in atmospheric precipitation are systematically depleted with the increase of altitude,which are typical and widely applicated paleo-altimeters.The utilization of hydrogen isotope of hydrous silicate minerals within the shear zone system,volcanic glass,and plant leaf wax alkanes offers valuable insights for addressing evaporation and diagenesis.In this paper,we review the principle,application conditions,and influencing factors of the hydrogen isotope paleo-altimeter.In addition,we discuss the feasibility of utilizing this technique for quantitatively estimating the paleo-elevation of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,where multiple shear zones extend over hundred kilometers parallel to the topographic gradient.
基金funded by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,Germany (Fo 181/3)and the Australian Research Council,Australia (FL180100134).
文摘The trace element compositions of melts and minerals from high-pressure experiments on hydrous pyroxenites containing K-richterite are presented. The experiments used mixtures of a third each of the natural minerals clinopyroxene, phlogopite and K-richterite, some with the addition of 5% of an accessory phase ilmenite, rutile or apatite. Although the major element compositions of melts resemble natural lamproites, the trace element contents of most trace elements from the three-mineral mixture are much lower than in lamproites. Apatite is required in the source to provide high abundances of the rare earth elements, and either rutile and/or ilmenite is required to provide the high field strength elements Ti, Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. Phlogopite controls the high levels of Rb, Cs and Ba.Since abundances of trace elements in the various starting mixtures vary strongly because of the use of natural minerals, we calculated mineral/melt partition coefficients (DMin/melt) using mineral modes and melting reactions and present trace element patterns for different degrees of partial melting of hydrous pyroxenites. Rb, Cs and Ba are compatible in phlogopite and the partition coefficient ratio phlogopite/K-richterite is high for Ba (136) and Rb (12). All melts have low contents of most of the first row transition elements, particularly Ni and Cu ((0.1-0.01)×primitive mantle). Nickel has high DMin/melt for all the major minerals (12 for K-richterite, 9.2 for phlogopite and 5.6 for Cpx) and so behaves at least as compatibly as in melting of peridotites. Fluorine/chlorine ratios in melts are high and DMin/melt for fluorine decreases in the order apatite (2.2) > phlogopite (1.5) > K-richterite (0.87). The requirement for apatite and at least one Ti-oxide in the source of natural lamproites holds for mica pyroxenites that lack K-richterite. The results are used to model isotopic ageing in hydrous pyroxenite source rocks: phlogopite controls Sr isotopes, so that lamproites with relatively low 87Sr/86Sr must come from phlogopite-poor sou
基金supported by Petroleum & Chemical United Fund Project(Grant No. 40739902)
文摘Using high pressure and geological condition simulation vessels, we conducted hydrous pyrolysis experiments of kerogen, solid bitumen and liquid hydrocarbons in southern China in order to study the processes of gas generation and derive geo- chemical indicators of gas genesis under approximate pressure and temperature. The results indicate that gas generation productivity of different marine material decreased in the ganic matter （solid bitumen and heavy oil）, and kerogen. order of crude oil （light oil and condensate）, dispersed soluble or- Under identical temperature-pressure regimes, pyrolysates derived from kerogen and dispersed soluble organic matter display drastically different geochemical characteristics. For example, the δ13Cc02-δ13C1 values of gaseous products from dispersed soluble organic matter are greater than 20%o, whereas those from kerogen are less than 20%~. The 813C1 values of pyrolysates from different marine hydrocarbon sources generally increase with pyrolysis temperature, but are always lower than those of the source precursors. The δ13C values of ethane and propane in the pyrolysates also increase with increasing pyrolysis temperature, eventually approaching that of their sources, at peak hydro- carbon generation. At high-over mature stages, the δ13C values of ethane and propane are often greater than those of their sources but close to those of coal gases, and thus become ineffective as gas genetic indicators. Ln（CffC3） can clearly distin- guish kerogen degradation gas from oil cracking gas and Ln（CJC2）-（δ13C1-δ13C2） can be an effective indicator for distinguishing oil cracking gas from dispersed soluble organic matter cracking gas.
基金the financial support from the Brazilian research funding agencies Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)for the postdoctoral scholarshipresearch fellow National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq-Process 308044/20185)+1 种基金Minas Gerais State Agency for Research and Development(FAPEMIG)the financial support from the University of Queensland Research Stimulus Allocation 2(Fellowships)scheme for the year of 2021 for awarding a post-doctoral fellowship。
文摘Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle batteries.Hydrous zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate solution.Maximum fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5,considering Zr solubility.Fluoride availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous species.Fluoride removal is initially rapid,with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,followed by slow removal up to 68 wt.%after 72 h and follows second order rate kinetics.Fluoride removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free solution.HZO maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21607080)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20160946)Jiangsu Higher Education Institution NSF(16KJB610011)
文摘Polymer-supported hydrous iron oxides(HFOs) are promising for heavy metals removal from aqueous systems.The ubiquitous inorganic ligands, e.g., sulfate, are expected to exert considerable impacts on pollutants removal by these hybrid sorbents. Herein, we obtained a hybrid sorbent HFO-PS by encapsulating nanosized HFO into macroporous polystyrene(PS) resin. Both batch and column sorption experiments of Cu(Ⅱ) by HFO-PS were carried out in the presence of sulfate. Obviously, the presence of sulfate is favorable for Cu(Ⅱ) sorption onto HFO-PS.The performances of column Cu(Ⅱ) removal were fitted and predicted with Adams–Bohart, Clark, Thomas and BDST models. Thomas model is suggested best-fit to predict the breakthrough curves. Besides, a linear correlation is observed between breakthrough time and column length based on BDST model, which might be useful for predicting the breakthrough time for Cu(Ⅱ) removal by HFO-PS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1801255,91963210)the National Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou,China(202201011414)。
文摘Aqueous rechargeable zinc-based batteries have attracted increasing interest and been considered potential alternatives for state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries because of the low cost and high safety.Many cathode materials have been gradually developed and demonstrated excellent electrochemical performances.However,the complex electrochemistry,inevitable hydrogen release,and zinc corrosion severely hinder the practical application.The most concerned Zn-MnO_(2)batteries still suffer from the Mn dissolution and formation of byproducts.By adding organic solvents to inhibit the activity of water molecules,the hydrous organic electrolytes provide a sound solution for eliminating the unfavorable factors.Here we report a tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether-based hydrous organic electrolyte consisting of LiClO_(4)·3H_(2)O and Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O,and a birnessite-type MnO_(2)cathode material for Zn-MnO_(2)batteries.The Li+/Zn2+ions co-(de)insertion mechanism is ascertained by the structural and morphological analyses.The electrostatic interaction between inserted ions and crystal structure is reduced effectively by employment of monovalent Li+ions,which ensures structural stability of cathode materials.Hydrous tetraglyme electrolyte inhibits the activity of water molecules and thus avoids the formation of byproduct Zn_(4)ClO_(4)(OH)7·Meanwhile,highly stable Zn plating/stripping for over 1500 h,an average coulombic efficiency of>99%in long-term cycling,and ultralong storage life(the cells can work well after stored over 1 year)are simultaneously realized in the novel electrolyte.Benefitting from these aspects,the Zn-MnO_(2)batteries manifest high specific capacity of 132 mA h g^(-1),an operating voltage of 1.25 V,and a capacity retention of>98%after 1000 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g^(-1).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22162013 and 22162014)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No. 20212ACB204009)+2 种基金the Program of the Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Disciplines of Jiangxi Province (No. 20212BCJL23059)the Thousand Talents Plan of Jiangxi Provincethe Open Project Program of State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Zeolite Membrane Materials of China (No. SPJELZMM-202210)。
文摘Developing efficient and highly selective catalyst to promote hydrogen generation from hydrous hydrazine(N_(2)H_(4)·H_(2)O) and hydrazine borane(N_(2)H_(4)BH_(3))remains a challenging issue for fuel cell-based hydrogen economy.In this work,ultrafine and well-dispersed bimetallic NiPt nanoparticles(3.4 nm) were successfully immobilized on Y_(2)O_(3)-functionalized graphene(Y_(2)O_(3)/rGO) without any surfactant by a simple liquid impregnation approach.It is firstly found that integration of graphene and Y_(2)O_(3) not only can facilitate the formation of ultrafine NiPt nanoparticles(NPs),but also can effectively modulate the electronic structure of NiPt NPs,thereby boosting the catalytic performance.Compared with NiPt/Y_(2)O_(3) and NiPt/rGO,the NiPt/Y_(2)O_(3)/rGO nanocomposites(NCs) show remarkable enhanced catalytic efficiency for hydrogen production from N_(2)H_(4)-H_(2)O.In particular,the optimized Ni_(0.6)Pt_(0.4/)Y_(2)O_(3)/rGO NCs display the best catalytic efficiency and 100% H_(2) selectivity for N_(2)H_(4)-H_(2)O dehydrogenation,providing a turnover frequency(TOF) of2182 h^(-1) at 323 K,which is among the highest values ever reported.Moreover,the Ni_(0.6)Pt_(0.4)/Y_(2)O_(3)/rGO NCs also exhibit an excellent catalytic performance(TOF=3191 h^(-1)) and 100% H_(2) selectively for N_(2)H_(4)BH_(3)dehydrogenation at 323 K.The outstanding catalytic results obtained provide more possibilities for the potential applications of N_(2)H_(4)·H_(2)O and N_(2)H_(4)BH_(3) as promising chemical hydrogen storage materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41590623&41472040)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+2 种基金China University of Geosciences(Grant No.CUGL150801)Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral ResourcesChina University of Geosciences(Grant No.MSFGPMR201408)
文摘Hydrous minerals are important water carriers in the crust and the mantle, especially in the subduction zone. With the recent development of the experimental technique, studies of the electrical conductivity of hydrous silicate minerals under controlled temperature, pressure and oxygen fugacity, have helped to constrain the water distribution in the Earth's interior. This paper introduces high pressure and temperature experimental study of electrical conductivity measurement of hydrous minerals such as serpentine, talc, brucite, phase A, super hydrous phase B and phase D, and assesses the data quality of the above minerals. The dehydration effect and the pressure effect on the bulk conductivity of the hydrous minerals are specifically emphasized. The conduction mechanism of hydrous minerals and the electrical structure of the subduction zone are discussed based on the available conductivity data. Finally, the potential research fields of the electrical conductivity of hydrous minerals is presented.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20171036) the National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Prov-ince (No. FF02328) and Education Committee of Shannxi Province (No. 01JK229).
文摘The title ternary complex Nd[(C5H8NS2)3(C12H8N2)] has been synthesized in absolute ethanol by the reaction of NdCl33.74H2O with ammonium pyrrolidinyldithiocarboxylate (APDC) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phenH2O) at air atmosphere without any cautions against moisture. The bonding characteristics of the complex were characterized by IR, showing that Nd3+ is bonded with sulfur atom in the APDC and coordinated with nitrogen atom in the phen. TG-DTG investigation indicates that the title complex was decomposed into Nd2S3 and deposited carbon in one step where Nd2S3 predominated in the final products. The enthalpy change of formation of the reaction on the title com-plex in liquid-phase has been determined by a microcalorimeter. Thermodynamic parameters (the activation en-thalpy, the activation entropy and the activation free energy) and kinetics parameters (the rate constant, the apparent activation energy, the pre-exponential constant and the reaction order) of the title reaction have been calculated. The enthalpy change of the solid-phase reaction has been obtained by a thermochemistry cycle.
文摘A ternary solid complex Yb（Et2dtc）3（phen） was obtained from the reaction of hydrous ytterbium chloride with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate （NaEt2dtc）, and 1, 10-phenanthroline （o-phen·H2O） in absolute ethanol. The bonding characteristics of the complex were characterized by IR. The result shows Yb3^＋ bands with two sulfur atoms in the Na（Et2dtc）3 and two nitrogen atoms in the o-phen. The enthalpy change of liquid-phase reaction of formation of the complex △rHm^θ（Ⅰ）, was determined as being （-24.838±0.114） kJ·mol^-1 at 298.15 K, by an RD-496 Ⅲ type heat conduction microcalormeter. The enthalpy change of the solid-phase reaction of formation of the complex △rHm^θ（s）, was calculated as being （108.015±0.479） kJ·mol^-1 on the basis of an appropriate thermochemistry cycle. The thermodynamics of liquid-phase reaction of formation of the complex was investigated by changing the temperature during the liquid-phase reaction. Fundamental parameters, the activation enthalpy, △H≠^θ, the activation entropy, △S≠^θ, the activation free energy,△G≠^θ, the apparent reaction rate constant k, the apparent activation energy E, the pre-exponential constant A, and the reaction order n, were obtained by a combination of the reaction thermodynamic and kinetic equations with the data from the thermokinetic expenments. At the same time, the molar heat capacity of the complex cm. p, Was determined to be （86.34± 1.74） J·mol^-1·K^-1 by the same microcalormeter. The constant-volume combus- tion energy of the complex, △cU, was determined to be （ - 17954.08 ± 8.11） kJ·mol^-1 by an RBC-Ⅱ type rotating-bomb calo- rimeter at 298.15 K. Its standard enthalpy of combustion, △cHm^θ, and standard enthalpy of formation, △fHm^θ, were calculated to be （- 17973.29±8.11） kJ·mol^-1 and （-770.36±9.02） kJ·mol^-1, respectively.
