Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg in Xijiu Lake sediment from the Taihu Lake catchment, China, were analyzed. Their contamination state was investigated based on the geoaccumulation index and enrichment fact...Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg in Xijiu Lake sediment from the Taihu Lake catchment, China, were analyzed. Their contamination state was investigated based on the geoaccumulation index and enrichment factors. Statistical analysis was used to differentiate the anthropogenic versus natural sources of heavy metals （HMs）, and the anthropogenic accumulation fluxes were calculated to quantify anthropogenic contribution to HMs. The results indicated that the lake sediment had been heavily contaminated by Cd, enrichment of Zn and Hg was at a relatively high level, while that of Cu and Pb was in the lower-to-moderate level and Cr was in the low enrichment level. Sources of Cr in the sediment were mainly from natural inputs, while other metals, especially Cd, were predominantly derived from anthropogenic sources. In the past century, anthropogenic accumulation fluxes of Pb, Zn and Hg increased by 0.147.3 mg/（cm2-yr）, 2.4-398.1 mg/（cm2.yr）, and 3.7-110.3 ng/（m2.yr）, respectively, accounting for most inputs of HMs entering the sediment. The contamination state of HMs varied with industrial development of the catchment, which demonstrated that contamination started in the early 20th century, reached the maximal level between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s, and decreased a little after the implementation of constraints on high contamination industries, although the contamination of some HMs, such as Cd, Zn and Hg, is still at high levels.展开更多
Antibiotic resistance and its environmental component are gaining more attention as part of combating the growing healthcare crisis. The One Health framework, promulgated by many global health agencies, recognizes tha...Antibiotic resistance and its environmental component are gaining more attention as part of combating the growing healthcare crisis. The One Health framework, promulgated by many global health agencies, recognizes that antimicrobial resistance is a truly inter-domain problem in which human health, animal agriculture, and the environment are the core and interrelated components.This prospectus presents the status and issues relevant to the environmental component of antibiotic resistance, namely, the needs for advancing surveillance methodology: the environmental reservoirs and sources of resistance, namely, urban wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture production systems, soil receiving manure and biosolid, and the atmosphere which includes longer range dispersal.Recently, much work has been done describing antibiotic resistance genes in various environments;now quantitative, mechanistic,and hypothesis-driven studies are needed to identify practices that reduce real risks and maintain the effectiveness of our current antibiotics as long as possible. Advanced deployable detection methods for antibiotic resistance in diverse environmental samples are needed in order to provide the surveillance information to identify risks and define barriers that can reduce risks. Also needed are practices that reduce antibiotic use and thereby reduce selection for resistance, as well as practices that limit the dispersal of or destroy antibiotic-resistant bacteria or their resistance genes that are feasible for these varied environmental domains.展开更多
Objective:To test the curative effect of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells on rat acute radioactive enteritis and thus in provide clinical therapeutic basis for radiation sickness.Methods:Human umbil...Objective:To test the curative effect of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells on rat acute radioactive enteritis and thus in provide clinical therapeutic basis for radiation sickness.Methods:Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultivated in vitro and the model of acute radioactive enteritis of rats was established.Then,the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were injected into the rats via tail vein.Visual and histopathiological changes of the experimental rats were observed.Results:After the injection,the rats in the prevention group and treatment group had remarkably better survival status than those in the control group.The histological observations revealed that the former also had better intestinal mucosa structure,more regenerative cells and stronger proliferation activity than the latter.Conclusions:Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells have a definite therapeutic effect on acute radioactive enteritis in rats.展开更多
Follow-up investigation on hair arsenic concentration was conducted in an arsenic heavily polluted area of southern China in 2002 and 2006. The results showed that the geometric mean of hair arsenic concentration decr...Follow-up investigation on hair arsenic concentration was conducted in an arsenic heavily polluted area of southern China in 2002 and 2006. The results showed that the geometric mean of hair arsenic concentration decreased from 2.95 mg/kg in 2002 to 1.78 mg/kg in 2006, when the percentage of the population with levels over 1 mg/kg only decreased from 93.4% in 2002 to 80.5% in 2006. Over this four-year period, the population with high arsenic concentrations decreased significantly while there was no obvious change in hair arsenic concentration for people who had relatively low concentrations. In terms of age distribution, young and old people had higher hair arsenic concentrations than the middle-aged. All of these results showed that it is difficult to reverse the negative impact of arsenic pollution on human health. Arsenic pollution has a long-term continuous influence on the health of local residents.展开更多
<i>Aflatoxin</i> M1 (AFM1) occurrence in milk and milk products has been a major concern among food scientists over the past three decades owing to its possible health risk in humans. The well-documented A...<i>Aflatoxin</i> M1 (AFM1) occurrence in milk and milk products has been a major concern among food scientists over the past three decades owing to its possible health risk in humans. The well-documented AFM1 associated adverse health outcomes include hepatocarcinogens, mutagens genotoxins, mutagenicity, and teratogen. The paper reviews the occurrence of AFM1 in milk, milk products, and human milk in developing and developed countries, with its safety standards of regulation. The health associated risks with AFM1 are the important methods used in detecting and reducing AFM1 in milk and other milk products are presented.展开更多
Incident of water-borne diseases is becoming more rampant in developing countries in the 21st century. This paper examines the contamination levels of some selected wells in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area (LGA),...Incident of water-borne diseases is becoming more rampant in developing countries in the 21st century. This paper examines the contamination levels of some selected wells in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area (LGA), Oyo State, Nigeria. Methodology includes administering of structured questionnaire, field survey/sampling and laboratory analysis. The first set of questionnaires sought information on water sources, quality, supply and treatment. These were administered in 10 selected major locations which included: Ajegunle, Arinkinkin, Arowomole, Caretaker, Esanu-Aje, Ita-Olola, Malete, Oke-Alapata, Ora-Gada and Sunsun. The other set which was administered in 6 randomly selected Health Institutions viz: Oyo State General Hospital, Alaafia Tayo, Oore-Ofe, Bethel, Favour, and Grace Hospitals had questions on health-related issues. Ten (10) wells were randomly selected for sampling, one in each location. Results were compared with WHO’s Drinking Water Standards. Questionnaires revealed that residents depended mostly on wells for water supply;the water quality was low;supply was irregular;quantity was inadequate and boiling was the commonest treatment method. Health Officials established that some residents consumed improperly treated well water and there were some incidences of water-related diseases. Laboratory analyses showed that samples from Ajegumle and Esanu-Aje had colour values above the standard. Also, the pH was observed to vary from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline with values ranging between 6.0 and 8.1. Only Arinkinkin and Ita-Olola areas had permissible values of total alkalinity and Oke-Alapata had the highest chloride value of 400 mg/l while the highest nitrate concentration was at Esanu-Aje (127.58 mg/l). Study concludes that water supply in the area is not fully supportive to health. To abate the problem, it is recommended that aside boiling, each household should endeavour to coagulate, filter, soften and disinfect well water before consumption. Also, personal hygiene within each household m展开更多
该文旨在规范人来源样品中铝、砷、铬、镉和汞微量元素检测的分析前因素的质量控制,减少分析前变异对检测结果的影响。根据美国临床实验室标准化委员会(clinical and laboratory standards institute,CLSI)的批准指南,检测分析前变异的...该文旨在规范人来源样品中铝、砷、铬、镉和汞微量元素检测的分析前因素的质量控制,减少分析前变异对检测结果的影响。根据美国临床实验室标准化委员会(clinical and laboratory standards institute,CLSI)的批准指南,检测分析前变异的控制和相关文献来制定人来源样品铝、砷、铬、镉和汞检测的质量控制方案,包括:人来源样品的采集、运输和处理所需考虑的因素,患者的准备,样品采集、运输、接收、保存和处理等方面实验室工作人员所需准备的条件,污染控制和质量保证计划等。通过查阅相关的指南和文献,对人来源样品检测的分析前因素,包括污染的预防控制、样品的选择与采集的操作规程等进行了较为详细和系统的描述和说明,希望能为人来源样品检测的实验室工作人员提供建议和帮助。展开更多
该研究旨在鉴定国内实验室肺癌细胞系使用的正确性,对从国内多个实验室收集的54例人肺癌细胞样品提取基因组DNA,使用PCR技术扩增短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)后进行毛细管电泳,获得细胞的STR图谱。与国际数据库中已知细胞系...该研究旨在鉴定国内实验室肺癌细胞系使用的正确性,对从国内多个实验室收集的54例人肺癌细胞样品提取基因组DNA,使用PCR技术扩增短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)后进行毛细管电泳,获得细胞的STR图谱。与国际数据库中已知细胞系的STR图谱进行比对,通过计算匹配度确认细胞系的身份信息,判断细胞是否存在交叉污染。结果表明54例肺癌细胞样品中存在交叉污染的有14例,错误率为25.93%(14/54)。其中51例常见人肺癌细胞样品的错误率为27.45%(14/51),3例中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心/生物化学与细胞生物学研究所科学家建立的人肺癌细胞系样品的错误率为0%(0/3)。该研究针对国内细胞系交叉污染的情况,分析了其原因并提出了相应的建议。展开更多
The study assessed the levels of some toxic metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) with their potential ecological and human health risks in water, African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Tilapia (Oreochromis spilur...The study assessed the levels of some toxic metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) with their potential ecological and human health risks in water, African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Tilapia (Oreochromis spilurus niger) and sediment samples from the Lower Usuma dam FCT, Nigeria during two major seasons in a year (rainy and dry seasons). Toxic metal concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometry (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) and Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry (for As and Hg), and the results obtained were compared with national and international standards. The ecological and human health risk indices of the toxic metals present in the samples from the Dam were evaluated and interpreted. Tilapia from the dam posed the highest but medium ecological and human health risk due to Pb concentration of up to 7.11 mg/kg;ecological risk index of 35.55 and hazard quotient of 50.78. Overall ecological and human health risks were low due to the low concentrations of other toxic metals determined. As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni and Zn concentrations were all below WHO limits in the LUD water;Ni and Pb were above limits in the African Catfish and Tilapia samples. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant differences accepted at p ≤ 0.05. There was no statistical difference in the concentrations of toxic metals in water but there was significant difference between the concentrations of toxic metals in the fish and sediment samples. Correlation was found to exist between toxic metals in the water, fish and sediment analyzed from the dam. The ecological and human health risks of toxic metals in Lower Usuma dam require regular checks and monitoring hence, it was recommended by the researcher, that this and similar research work be carried out annually by NESREA and also, as research work by other students of Environmental and Analytical chemistry.展开更多
Pollution of different elements (air, water, soil and subsoil) resulting both from accidental events and from ordinary industrial and civil activities causes negative effects on the human health and on the environment...Pollution of different elements (air, water, soil and subsoil) resulting both from accidental events and from ordinary industrial and civil activities causes negative effects on the human health and on the environment. The present paper examines the analysis of a contaminated site, focusing the attention on the negative effects for receptors exposed to soil and groundwater contamination caused by industrial activities. The case study investigated is a contaminated area located in the industrial district of Trento North once occupied by the Italian Carbochimica plant. Pollution in that area is mainly due to contamination of soil and groundwater with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The methodology applied is the risk evaluation for human health, in terms of individual cancer risk and hazard index. In particular the attention has been focused on a specific migration way: if pollutants in the soil or in the groundwater undergo a phase change, they spread and get to the soil surface, causing a dispersion of vapors in the atmosphere. In this case risk assessment calls for the evaluation of volatilization factor. Among the different models dealing with the estimation of volatilization factor, those mostly known and used in the national and international field of Human Health Risk Assessment were chosen: Jury’s and Farmer’s models. A sensitivity analysis of models was performed, in order to identify the most significant parameters to estimate the volatilization factors among the wide range of input parameters for the application of models. Performing an accurate selection and data processing of the contaminated site, models for the volatilization factors calculation are applied, thus evaluating air concentrations and Human Health Risk. The analysis of the resulting estimates is an excellent aid to draw interesting conclusions and to verify if the soil and groundwater pollutants volatilization affects the human health considerably.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40772203)the Chinese National Key Basic Research Project (No. 2008CB418103-3)
文摘Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg in Xijiu Lake sediment from the Taihu Lake catchment, China, were analyzed. Their contamination state was investigated based on the geoaccumulation index and enrichment factors. Statistical analysis was used to differentiate the anthropogenic versus natural sources of heavy metals （HMs）, and the anthropogenic accumulation fluxes were calculated to quantify anthropogenic contribution to HMs. The results indicated that the lake sediment had been heavily contaminated by Cd, enrichment of Zn and Hg was at a relatively high level, while that of Cu and Pb was in the lower-to-moderate level and Cr was in the low enrichment level. Sources of Cr in the sediment were mainly from natural inputs, while other metals, especially Cd, were predominantly derived from anthropogenic sources. In the past century, anthropogenic accumulation fluxes of Pb, Zn and Hg increased by 0.147.3 mg/（cm2-yr）, 2.4-398.1 mg/（cm2.yr）, and 3.7-110.3 ng/（m2.yr）, respectively, accounting for most inputs of HMs entering the sediment. The contamination state of HMs varied with industrial development of the catchment, which demonstrated that contamination started in the early 20th century, reached the maximal level between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s, and decreased a little after the implementation of constraints on high contamination industries, although the contamination of some HMs, such as Cd, Zn and Hg, is still at high levels.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21677149)the Outstanding Youth Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BK20150050)+6 种基金the Innovative Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. ISSASIP1616)funded by the Center for Health Impacts of Agriculture (CHIA) of Michigan State University, USAfunded by Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, the Canadian Genomics Research Development Initiative (GRDI-AMR)the Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR) through the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR)the National Funds from FCT—Fundacao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal (No. UID/Multi/ 50016/2013)funded by Academy of Finland and the Joint Programming Initiative “Water Challenges for a Changing World” (Water JPI)funded by the Collaborative Research Fund of Hong Kong (CRF), China (No. C6033-14G)
文摘Antibiotic resistance and its environmental component are gaining more attention as part of combating the growing healthcare crisis. The One Health framework, promulgated by many global health agencies, recognizes that antimicrobial resistance is a truly inter-domain problem in which human health, animal agriculture, and the environment are the core and interrelated components.This prospectus presents the status and issues relevant to the environmental component of antibiotic resistance, namely, the needs for advancing surveillance methodology: the environmental reservoirs and sources of resistance, namely, urban wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture production systems, soil receiving manure and biosolid, and the atmosphere which includes longer range dispersal.Recently, much work has been done describing antibiotic resistance genes in various environments;now quantitative, mechanistic,and hypothesis-driven studies are needed to identify practices that reduce real risks and maintain the effectiveness of our current antibiotics as long as possible. Advanced deployable detection methods for antibiotic resistance in diverse environmental samples are needed in order to provide the surveillance information to identify risks and define barriers that can reduce risks. Also needed are practices that reduce antibiotic use and thereby reduce selection for resistance, as well as practices that limit the dispersal of or destroy antibiotic-resistant bacteria or their resistance genes that are feasible for these varied environmental domains.
基金supported by Wu Zuze Science and Technology Development Foundation of Beijing
文摘Objective:To test the curative effect of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells on rat acute radioactive enteritis and thus in provide clinical therapeutic basis for radiation sickness.Methods:Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultivated in vitro and the model of acute radioactive enteritis of rats was established.Then,the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were injected into the rats via tail vein.Visual and histopathiological changes of the experimental rats were observed.Results:After the injection,the rats in the prevention group and treatment group had remarkably better survival status than those in the control group.The histological observations revealed that the former also had better intestinal mucosa structure,more regenerative cells and stronger proliferation activity than the latter.Conclusions:Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells have a definite therapeutic effect on acute radioactive enteritis in rats.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX2-YW-Q02-02)
文摘Follow-up investigation on hair arsenic concentration was conducted in an arsenic heavily polluted area of southern China in 2002 and 2006. The results showed that the geometric mean of hair arsenic concentration decreased from 2.95 mg/kg in 2002 to 1.78 mg/kg in 2006, when the percentage of the population with levels over 1 mg/kg only decreased from 93.4% in 2002 to 80.5% in 2006. Over this four-year period, the population with high arsenic concentrations decreased significantly while there was no obvious change in hair arsenic concentration for people who had relatively low concentrations. In terms of age distribution, young and old people had higher hair arsenic concentrations than the middle-aged. All of these results showed that it is difficult to reverse the negative impact of arsenic pollution on human health. Arsenic pollution has a long-term continuous influence on the health of local residents.
文摘<i>Aflatoxin</i> M1 (AFM1) occurrence in milk and milk products has been a major concern among food scientists over the past three decades owing to its possible health risk in humans. The well-documented AFM1 associated adverse health outcomes include hepatocarcinogens, mutagens genotoxins, mutagenicity, and teratogen. The paper reviews the occurrence of AFM1 in milk, milk products, and human milk in developing and developed countries, with its safety standards of regulation. The health associated risks with AFM1 are the important methods used in detecting and reducing AFM1 in milk and other milk products are presented.
文摘Incident of water-borne diseases is becoming more rampant in developing countries in the 21st century. This paper examines the contamination levels of some selected wells in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area (LGA), Oyo State, Nigeria. Methodology includes administering of structured questionnaire, field survey/sampling and laboratory analysis. The first set of questionnaires sought information on water sources, quality, supply and treatment. These were administered in 10 selected major locations which included: Ajegunle, Arinkinkin, Arowomole, Caretaker, Esanu-Aje, Ita-Olola, Malete, Oke-Alapata, Ora-Gada and Sunsun. The other set which was administered in 6 randomly selected Health Institutions viz: Oyo State General Hospital, Alaafia Tayo, Oore-Ofe, Bethel, Favour, and Grace Hospitals had questions on health-related issues. Ten (10) wells were randomly selected for sampling, one in each location. Results were compared with WHO’s Drinking Water Standards. Questionnaires revealed that residents depended mostly on wells for water supply;the water quality was low;supply was irregular;quantity was inadequate and boiling was the commonest treatment method. Health Officials established that some residents consumed improperly treated well water and there were some incidences of water-related diseases. Laboratory analyses showed that samples from Ajegumle and Esanu-Aje had colour values above the standard. Also, the pH was observed to vary from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline with values ranging between 6.0 and 8.1. Only Arinkinkin and Ita-Olola areas had permissible values of total alkalinity and Oke-Alapata had the highest chloride value of 400 mg/l while the highest nitrate concentration was at Esanu-Aje (127.58 mg/l). Study concludes that water supply in the area is not fully supportive to health. To abate the problem, it is recommended that aside boiling, each household should endeavour to coagulate, filter, soften and disinfect well water before consumption. Also, personal hygiene within each household m
文摘该文旨在规范人来源样品中铝、砷、铬、镉和汞微量元素检测的分析前因素的质量控制,减少分析前变异对检测结果的影响。根据美国临床实验室标准化委员会(clinical and laboratory standards institute,CLSI)的批准指南,检测分析前变异的控制和相关文献来制定人来源样品铝、砷、铬、镉和汞检测的质量控制方案,包括:人来源样品的采集、运输和处理所需考虑的因素,患者的准备,样品采集、运输、接收、保存和处理等方面实验室工作人员所需准备的条件,污染控制和质量保证计划等。通过查阅相关的指南和文献,对人来源样品检测的分析前因素,包括污染的预防控制、样品的选择与采集的操作规程等进行了较为详细和系统的描述和说明,希望能为人来源样品检测的实验室工作人员提供建议和帮助。
文摘该研究旨在鉴定国内实验室肺癌细胞系使用的正确性,对从国内多个实验室收集的54例人肺癌细胞样品提取基因组DNA,使用PCR技术扩增短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)后进行毛细管电泳,获得细胞的STR图谱。与国际数据库中已知细胞系的STR图谱进行比对,通过计算匹配度确认细胞系的身份信息,判断细胞是否存在交叉污染。结果表明54例肺癌细胞样品中存在交叉污染的有14例,错误率为25.93%(14/54)。其中51例常见人肺癌细胞样品的错误率为27.45%(14/51),3例中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心/生物化学与细胞生物学研究所科学家建立的人肺癌细胞系样品的错误率为0%(0/3)。该研究针对国内细胞系交叉污染的情况,分析了其原因并提出了相应的建议。
文摘The study assessed the levels of some toxic metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) with their potential ecological and human health risks in water, African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Tilapia (Oreochromis spilurus niger) and sediment samples from the Lower Usuma dam FCT, Nigeria during two major seasons in a year (rainy and dry seasons). Toxic metal concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometry (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) and Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry (for As and Hg), and the results obtained were compared with national and international standards. The ecological and human health risk indices of the toxic metals present in the samples from the Dam were evaluated and interpreted. Tilapia from the dam posed the highest but medium ecological and human health risk due to Pb concentration of up to 7.11 mg/kg;ecological risk index of 35.55 and hazard quotient of 50.78. Overall ecological and human health risks were low due to the low concentrations of other toxic metals determined. As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni and Zn concentrations were all below WHO limits in the LUD water;Ni and Pb were above limits in the African Catfish and Tilapia samples. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant differences accepted at p ≤ 0.05. There was no statistical difference in the concentrations of toxic metals in water but there was significant difference between the concentrations of toxic metals in the fish and sediment samples. Correlation was found to exist between toxic metals in the water, fish and sediment analyzed from the dam. The ecological and human health risks of toxic metals in Lower Usuma dam require regular checks and monitoring hence, it was recommended by the researcher, that this and similar research work be carried out annually by NESREA and also, as research work by other students of Environmental and Analytical chemistry.
文摘Pollution of different elements (air, water, soil and subsoil) resulting both from accidental events and from ordinary industrial and civil activities causes negative effects on the human health and on the environment. The present paper examines the analysis of a contaminated site, focusing the attention on the negative effects for receptors exposed to soil and groundwater contamination caused by industrial activities. The case study investigated is a contaminated area located in the industrial district of Trento North once occupied by the Italian Carbochimica plant. Pollution in that area is mainly due to contamination of soil and groundwater with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The methodology applied is the risk evaluation for human health, in terms of individual cancer risk and hazard index. In particular the attention has been focused on a specific migration way: if pollutants in the soil or in the groundwater undergo a phase change, they spread and get to the soil surface, causing a dispersion of vapors in the atmosphere. In this case risk assessment calls for the evaluation of volatilization factor. Among the different models dealing with the estimation of volatilization factor, those mostly known and used in the national and international field of Human Health Risk Assessment were chosen: Jury’s and Farmer’s models. A sensitivity analysis of models was performed, in order to identify the most significant parameters to estimate the volatilization factors among the wide range of input parameters for the application of models. Performing an accurate selection and data processing of the contaminated site, models for the volatilization factors calculation are applied, thus evaluating air concentrations and Human Health Risk. The analysis of the resulting estimates is an excellent aid to draw interesting conclusions and to verify if the soil and groundwater pollutants volatilization affects the human health considerably.
