The beginnings of laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)were at the start of the 1990s,with the initial reports being published in 1991 and 1992.These were followed by reports of left lateral sectionectomy in 1996.In the y...The beginnings of laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)were at the start of the 1990s,with the initial reports being published in 1991 and 1992.These were followed by reports of left lateral sectionectomy in 1996.In the years following,the procedures of LLR were expanded to hemi-hepatectomy,sectionectomy,segmentectomy and partial resection of posterosuperior segments,as well as the parenchymal preserving limited anatomical resection and modified anatomical(extended and/or combining limited)resection procedures.This expanded range of LLR procedures,mimicking the expansion of open liver resection in the past,was related to advances in both technology(instrumentation)and technical skill with conceptual changes.During this period of remarkable development,two international consensus conferences were held(2008 in Louisville,KY,United States,and 2014 in Morioka,Japan),providing up-to-date summarizations of the status and perspective of LLR.The advantages of LLR have become clear,and include reduced intraoperative bleeding,shorter hospital stay,and-especially for cirrhotic patients-lower incidence of complications(e.g.,postoperative ascites and liver failure).In this paper,we review and discuss the developments of LLR in operative procedures(extent and style of liver resections)during the first quarter century since its inception,from the aspect of relationships with technological/technical developments with conceptual changes.展开更多
本文以欧美实验性舞蹈影像的历史发展脉络为轴,追溯早期舞蹈电影(Cine-dance)、录像舞蹈(Video Dance)、为镜头而舞(Dance for Camera)、数字舞蹈(Digital Dance)等不同阶段的舞蹈影像形态与历史源流,并对舞蹈影像与实验性舞蹈影像进行...本文以欧美实验性舞蹈影像的历史发展脉络为轴,追溯早期舞蹈电影(Cine-dance)、录像舞蹈(Video Dance)、为镜头而舞(Dance for Camera)、数字舞蹈(Digital Dance)等不同阶段的舞蹈影像形态与历史源流,并对舞蹈影像与实验性舞蹈影像进行了概念辨析与阐释,指出在研究欧美舞蹈影像界定时应注意从两个维度进行把握:一是根据纵向上舞蹈影像缘起的时间维度,结合舞蹈影像在特定历史时期的文化背景、艺术思潮、观念发展来考察其当时的术语命名;二是在技术革新视阈下依托舞蹈影像的媒体传播方式、媒介形态变迁来认知其术语称谓。舞蹈影像的英文术语使用与概念修订标明了其在不同时期媒介、载体的区别与实践侧重。欧美舞蹈影像的概念是一个随着技术变革与媒介形态演进下与时俱进的开放体系。文章最后考察了欧美舞蹈影像发展的前沿动态,梳理欧美实验性舞蹈影像的研究情况与相关问题。展开更多
文摘The beginnings of laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)were at the start of the 1990s,with the initial reports being published in 1991 and 1992.These were followed by reports of left lateral sectionectomy in 1996.In the years following,the procedures of LLR were expanded to hemi-hepatectomy,sectionectomy,segmentectomy and partial resection of posterosuperior segments,as well as the parenchymal preserving limited anatomical resection and modified anatomical(extended and/or combining limited)resection procedures.This expanded range of LLR procedures,mimicking the expansion of open liver resection in the past,was related to advances in both technology(instrumentation)and technical skill with conceptual changes.During this period of remarkable development,two international consensus conferences were held(2008 in Louisville,KY,United States,and 2014 in Morioka,Japan),providing up-to-date summarizations of the status and perspective of LLR.The advantages of LLR have become clear,and include reduced intraoperative bleeding,shorter hospital stay,and-especially for cirrhotic patients-lower incidence of complications(e.g.,postoperative ascites and liver failure).In this paper,we review and discuss the developments of LLR in operative procedures(extent and style of liver resections)during the first quarter century since its inception,from the aspect of relationships with technological/technical developments with conceptual changes.
文摘本文以欧美实验性舞蹈影像的历史发展脉络为轴,追溯早期舞蹈电影(Cine-dance)、录像舞蹈(Video Dance)、为镜头而舞(Dance for Camera)、数字舞蹈(Digital Dance)等不同阶段的舞蹈影像形态与历史源流,并对舞蹈影像与实验性舞蹈影像进行了概念辨析与阐释,指出在研究欧美舞蹈影像界定时应注意从两个维度进行把握:一是根据纵向上舞蹈影像缘起的时间维度,结合舞蹈影像在特定历史时期的文化背景、艺术思潮、观念发展来考察其当时的术语命名;二是在技术革新视阈下依托舞蹈影像的媒体传播方式、媒介形态变迁来认知其术语称谓。舞蹈影像的英文术语使用与概念修订标明了其在不同时期媒介、载体的区别与实践侧重。欧美舞蹈影像的概念是一个随着技术变革与媒介形态演进下与时俱进的开放体系。文章最后考察了欧美舞蹈影像发展的前沿动态,梳理欧美实验性舞蹈影像的研究情况与相关问题。
