High-energy-density batteries are in urgent need to solve the ever-increasing energy stroage demand for portable electronic devices,electric vehicles,and renewable solar and wind energy systems.Alkali metals,typically...High-energy-density batteries are in urgent need to solve the ever-increasing energy stroage demand for portable electronic devices,electric vehicles,and renewable solar and wind energy systems.Alkali metals,typically lithium(Li),sodium(Na)and potassium(K),are considered as the promising anode materials owing to their low electrochemical potential,low density,and high theoretical gravimetric capacities.However,the problem of dendrite growth of alkali metals during their plating/stripping process will lead to low Coulombic efficiencies,a short lifespan and huge volume expansion,eventually hindering their practical commercialization.To resolve this issue,a very effective approach is engineering the anodes on structured current collectors.This review summarizes the development of the alkali metal batteries and discusses the recent advances in rational design of anode current collectors.First,the challenges and strategies of suppressing alkali-metal dendrite growth are presented.Then the special attention is paid to the novel current collector design for dendrite-free alkali metal anodes.Finally,we give conclusions and perspective on the current challenges and future research directions toward advanced anode current collectors for alkali metal batteries.展开更多
Fluorinated carbons CF_xhold the highest theoretical energy density(e.g.,2180 W h kg^(-1)when x=1)among all cathode materials of lithium primary batteries.However,the low conductivity and severe polarization limit it ...Fluorinated carbons CF_xhold the highest theoretical energy density(e.g.,2180 W h kg^(-1)when x=1)among all cathode materials of lithium primary batteries.However,the low conductivity and severe polarization limit it to achieve its theory.In this study,we design a new electrolyte,namely 1 M LiBF_(4)DMSO:DOL(1:9 vol.),achieving a high energy density in Li/CF_xprimary cells.The DMSO with a small molecular size and high donor number successfully solvates Li^(+)into a defined Li^(+)-solvation structure.Such solvated Li^(+)can intercalate into the large-spacing carbon layers and achieve an improved capacity.Consequently,when discharged to 1.0 V,the CF_(1.12)cathode demonstrates a specific capacity of 1944 m A h g^(-1)with a specific energy density of 3793 W h kg^(-1).This strategy demonstrates that designing the electrolyte is powerful in improving the electrochemical performance of CF_(x) cathode.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51772157,21905141)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(No.YX03003)+1 种基金the Keypoint Research and Invention Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BE2018010-3)Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials(SICAM)and the Synergetic Innovation Center for Organic Electronics and Information Displays of Nanjing University of Post & Telecommunication,China。
文摘High-energy-density batteries are in urgent need to solve the ever-increasing energy stroage demand for portable electronic devices,electric vehicles,and renewable solar and wind energy systems.Alkali metals,typically lithium(Li),sodium(Na)and potassium(K),are considered as the promising anode materials owing to their low electrochemical potential,low density,and high theoretical gravimetric capacities.However,the problem of dendrite growth of alkali metals during their plating/stripping process will lead to low Coulombic efficiencies,a short lifespan and huge volume expansion,eventually hindering their practical commercialization.To resolve this issue,a very effective approach is engineering the anodes on structured current collectors.This review summarizes the development of the alkali metal batteries and discusses the recent advances in rational design of anode current collectors.First,the challenges and strategies of suppressing alkali-metal dendrite growth are presented.Then the special attention is paid to the novel current collector design for dendrite-free alkali metal anodes.Finally,we give conclusions and perspective on the current challenges and future research directions toward advanced anode current collectors for alkali metal batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072061,22322903,12174162)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan,China(No.2023NSFSC1914)21C Innovation Laboratory,Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd.by project No.21C-OP-202103。
文摘Fluorinated carbons CF_xhold the highest theoretical energy density(e.g.,2180 W h kg^(-1)when x=1)among all cathode materials of lithium primary batteries.However,the low conductivity and severe polarization limit it to achieve its theory.In this study,we design a new electrolyte,namely 1 M LiBF_(4)DMSO:DOL(1:9 vol.),achieving a high energy density in Li/CF_xprimary cells.The DMSO with a small molecular size and high donor number successfully solvates Li^(+)into a defined Li^(+)-solvation structure.Such solvated Li^(+)can intercalate into the large-spacing carbon layers and achieve an improved capacity.Consequently,when discharged to 1.0 V,the CF_(1.12)cathode demonstrates a specific capacity of 1944 m A h g^(-1)with a specific energy density of 3793 W h kg^(-1).This strategy demonstrates that designing the electrolyte is powerful in improving the electrochemical performance of CF_(x) cathode.
