In the environment of heterogeneous wireless networks, it is vital to select a currently optimal network for applications and subscribers. The use of multiple attribute decision making （MADM） for heterogeneous netwo...In the environment of heterogeneous wireless networks, it is vital to select a currently optimal network for applications and subscribers. The use of multiple attribute decision making （MADM） for heterogeneous network selection can provide subscribers with satisfactory service quality. Converting heterogeneous network selection into a MADM problem, the authors present an improved algorithm for MADM based on group decision theory. The algorithm combines weight vectors of multiple attribute decision making to obtain a combinational weight vector. Then the results＇ compatibility will be assessed. If they do not meet the requirements of compatibility, the judgment matrix will be modified until a comprehensive vector that satisfies compatibility requirements is produced. The vector is combined with simple weighting method （SAW） for network selection. Simulation shows that the algorithm can provide users with satisfactory quality of service （QoS）.展开更多
In this paper,a class of time-varying output group formation containment control problem of general linear hetero-geneous multiagent systems(MASs)is investigated under directed topology.The MAS is composed of a number...In this paper,a class of time-varying output group formation containment control problem of general linear hetero-geneous multiagent systems(MASs)is investigated under directed topology.The MAS is composed of a number of tracking leaders,formation leaders and followers,where two different types of leaders are used to provide reference trajectories for movement and to achieve certain formations,respectively.Firstly,compen-sators are designed whose states are estimations of tracking lead-ers,based on which,a controller is developed for each formation leader to accomplish the expected formation.Secondly,two event-triggered compensators are proposed for each follower to evalu-ate the state and formation information of the formation leaders in the same group,respectively.Subsequently,a control protocol is designed for each follower,utilizing the output information,to guide the output towards the convex hull generated by the forma-tion leaders within the group.Next,the triggering sequence in this paper is decomposed into two sequences,and the inter-event intervals of these two triggering conditions are provided to rule out the Zeno behavior.Finally,a numerical simulation is intro-duced to confirm the validity of the proposed results.展开更多
Selective protection of one of the hydroxyl group in 1, n-symmetrical diols is achieved by P2O5/SiO2-catalyzed reaction of the diol with dihydropyran under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. This selective p...Selective protection of one of the hydroxyl group in 1, n-symmetrical diols is achieved by P2O5/SiO2-catalyzed reaction of the diol with dihydropyran under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. This selective protection is simple and it occurred under economically cheap conditions in high yield. The deprotected diol is simply obtained by refluxing of this compound in methanol using the same catalyst without any byproduct formation or additional purifications.展开更多
Heterogeneous catalysts have been dominant for industrial polyolefin production,offering many distinct advantages,such as controlling the morphology of the polymer and preventing reactor fouling.In this contribution,w...Heterogeneous catalysts have been dominant for industrial polyolefin production,offering many distinct advantages,such as controlling the morphology of the polymer and preventing reactor fouling.In this contribution,we designed several types of imine ligands bearing sodium-sulfonate ionic groups and the corresponding nickel/iron catalysts.These catalysts could be immobilized on SiO_(2)with strong affinity and high catalyst loadings.The SiO_(2)-supported catalysts behaved better than their homogeneous counterparts during ethylene polymerization with extremely high activity(2.6×10^(4)kg·mol^(−1)·h^(−1))and high thermal stability.In addition,the supported nickel catalysts generated free-flowing polyethylene with high molecular weight(Mn up to 2.65×10^(3)kg·mol^(–1))and excellent morphology control,indicating no reactor fouling due to the leaching of catalyst.Moreover,for copolymerization,immobilized nickel catalysts showed a higher tolerance of polar monomers,and the efficient copolymerization of ethylene with undecylenic acid was achieved with high activity(450 kg·mol^(−1)·h^(−1))and a high incorporation ratio(up to 12.3%).展开更多
Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamical group consensus of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with fixed topologies.Design/methodology/approach–The tool used in this paper to model the topologies ...Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamical group consensus of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with fixed topologies.Design/methodology/approach–The tool used in this paper to model the topologies of multi-agent systems is algebraic graph theory.The matrix theory and stability theory are applied to research the groupconsensusofheterogeneousmulti-agentsystemswithfixedtopologies.TheLaplacetransformand Routh criterion are utilized to analyze the convergence properties of heterogeneous multi-agent systems.Findings–It is discovered that the dynamical group consensus for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with first-order and second-order agents can be achieved under the reasonable hypothesizes.The group consensus condition is only relied on the nonzero eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian matrix.Originality/value–The novelty of this paper is to investigate the dynamical group consensus of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with first-order and second-order agents and fixed topologies and obtain a sufficient group consensus condition.展开更多
Heterogeneous community entails a number of social groups that adopt similar/different social norms.In such community,new individuals who join a new social group should be able to decide with which group they could as...Heterogeneous community entails a number of social groups that adopt similar/different social norms.In such community,new individuals who join a new social group should be able to decide with which group they could assimilate based on their capabilities/values/manners.Otherwise,they would be penalized by other members in the group for violating some norms which they cannot comply.Using this approach,software agents would have better reasoning in simulating human society.In this paper,the authors propose a norms assimilation theory,in which a new agent attempts to assimilate with a social group’s norms.This theory builds an approach to norm assimilation,analyzes the cases for an agent to decide to assimilate with a social group and develops a mathematical model to measure the assimilation cost and the agent’s ability.The approach is developed based on the agent’s internal belief about its ability and desire,and its external belief about the cost of assimilating with a number of social groups.The significance of this research is two-fold.Firstly,the study paves the way to future design of intelligent systems,i.e.,software agents or robots,to closely mimic human social interactions.Secondly,the norm assimilation using agent-based system could be potentially utilized to simulate some social issues such as immigrants,new students,expatriate etc.The experiments that have been conducted demonstrate that an agent in the domain is able to calculate the assimilation cost and decide which social group to join.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61171094)National Basic Research Program of China(973 program:2013CB329005)National Science & Technology Key Project(2011ZX03005-004-03)
文摘In the environment of heterogeneous wireless networks, it is vital to select a currently optimal network for applications and subscribers. The use of multiple attribute decision making （MADM） for heterogeneous network selection can provide subscribers with satisfactory service quality. Converting heterogeneous network selection into a MADM problem, the authors present an improved algorithm for MADM based on group decision theory. The algorithm combines weight vectors of multiple attribute decision making to obtain a combinational weight vector. Then the results＇ compatibility will be assessed. If they do not meet the requirements of compatibility, the judgment matrix will be modified until a comprehensive vector that satisfies compatibility requirements is produced. The vector is combined with simple weighting method （SAW） for network selection. Simulation shows that the algorithm can provide users with satisfactory quality of service （QoS）.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0702200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52377079,62203097,62373196)。
文摘In this paper,a class of time-varying output group formation containment control problem of general linear hetero-geneous multiagent systems(MASs)is investigated under directed topology.The MAS is composed of a number of tracking leaders,formation leaders and followers,where two different types of leaders are used to provide reference trajectories for movement and to achieve certain formations,respectively.Firstly,compen-sators are designed whose states are estimations of tracking lead-ers,based on which,a controller is developed for each formation leader to accomplish the expected formation.Secondly,two event-triggered compensators are proposed for each follower to evalu-ate the state and formation information of the formation leaders in the same group,respectively.Subsequently,a control protocol is designed for each follower,utilizing the output information,to guide the output towards the convex hull generated by the forma-tion leaders within the group.Next,the triggering sequence in this paper is decomposed into two sequences,and the inter-event intervals of these two triggering conditions are provided to rule out the Zeno behavior.Finally,a numerical simulation is intro-duced to confirm the validity of the proposed results.
文摘Selective protection of one of the hydroxyl group in 1, n-symmetrical diols is achieved by P2O5/SiO2-catalyzed reaction of the diol with dihydropyran under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. This selective protection is simple and it occurred under economically cheap conditions in high yield. The deprotected diol is simply obtained by refluxing of this compound in methanol using the same catalyst without any byproduct formation or additional purifications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,U19B6001,21971230,22101274 and U1904212)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M703072)We are also grateful for the mentorship and strongly support from Professor Changle Chen(USTC).
文摘Heterogeneous catalysts have been dominant for industrial polyolefin production,offering many distinct advantages,such as controlling the morphology of the polymer and preventing reactor fouling.In this contribution,we designed several types of imine ligands bearing sodium-sulfonate ionic groups and the corresponding nickel/iron catalysts.These catalysts could be immobilized on SiO_(2)with strong affinity and high catalyst loadings.The SiO_(2)-supported catalysts behaved better than their homogeneous counterparts during ethylene polymerization with extremely high activity(2.6×10^(4)kg·mol^(−1)·h^(−1))and high thermal stability.In addition,the supported nickel catalysts generated free-flowing polyethylene with high molecular weight(Mn up to 2.65×10^(3)kg·mol^(–1))and excellent morphology control,indicating no reactor fouling due to the leaching of catalyst.Moreover,for copolymerization,immobilized nickel catalysts showed a higher tolerance of polar monomers,and the efficient copolymerization of ethylene with undecylenic acid was achieved with high activity(450 kg·mol^(−1)·h^(−1))and a high incorporation ratio(up to 12.3%).
文摘Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamical group consensus of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with fixed topologies.Design/methodology/approach–The tool used in this paper to model the topologies of multi-agent systems is algebraic graph theory.The matrix theory and stability theory are applied to research the groupconsensusofheterogeneousmulti-agentsystemswithfixedtopologies.TheLaplacetransformand Routh criterion are utilized to analyze the convergence properties of heterogeneous multi-agent systems.Findings–It is discovered that the dynamical group consensus for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with first-order and second-order agents can be achieved under the reasonable hypothesizes.The group consensus condition is only relied on the nonzero eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian matrix.Originality/value–The novelty of this paper is to investigate the dynamical group consensus of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with first-order and second-order agents and fixed topologies and obtain a sufficient group consensus condition.
文摘Heterogeneous community entails a number of social groups that adopt similar/different social norms.In such community,new individuals who join a new social group should be able to decide with which group they could assimilate based on their capabilities/values/manners.Otherwise,they would be penalized by other members in the group for violating some norms which they cannot comply.Using this approach,software agents would have better reasoning in simulating human society.In this paper,the authors propose a norms assimilation theory,in which a new agent attempts to assimilate with a social group’s norms.This theory builds an approach to norm assimilation,analyzes the cases for an agent to decide to assimilate with a social group and develops a mathematical model to measure the assimilation cost and the agent’s ability.The approach is developed based on the agent’s internal belief about its ability and desire,and its external belief about the cost of assimilating with a number of social groups.The significance of this research is two-fold.Firstly,the study paves the way to future design of intelligent systems,i.e.,software agents or robots,to closely mimic human social interactions.Secondly,the norm assimilation using agent-based system could be potentially utilized to simulate some social issues such as immigrants,new students,expatriate etc.The experiments that have been conducted demonstrate that an agent in the domain is able to calculate the assimilation cost and decide which social group to join.
