Osteoporotic fractures are a major public health problem worldwide, but incidence varies greatly across racial groups and geographic regions. Recent work suggests that the incidence of osteoporotic fracture is rising ...Osteoporotic fractures are a major public health problem worldwide, but incidence varies greatly across racial groups and geographic regions. Recent work suggests that the incidence of osteoporotic fracture is rising among Asian populations. Studies comparing areal bone mineral density and fracture across races generally indicate lower bone mineral density in Asian individuals including the Chinese, but this does not reflect their relatively low risk of non-vertebral fractures. In contrast, the Chinese have relatively high vertebral fracture rates similar to that of Caucasians. The paradoxically low risk for some types of fractures among the Chinese despite their low areal bone mineral density has been elucidated in part by recent advances in skeletal imaging. New techniques for assessing bone quality non-invasively demonstrate that the Chinese compensate for smaller bone size by differences in hip geometry and microstructural skeletal organization. Studies evaluating factors influencing racial differences in bone remodeling, as well as bone acquisition and loss, may further elucidate racial variation in bone microstructure. Advances in understanding the microstructure of the Chinese skeleton have not only helped to explain the epidemiology of fracture in the Chinese, but may also provide insight into the epidemiology of fracture in other races as well.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the role of T help 17 cells(Th17)and STAT3-VEGF pathway in pathogenesis of psoriasis.Methods:A total of 50 cases of psoriasis guinea pigs and 20 normal guinea pigs were selected.The ratio of T...Objective:To investigate the role of T help 17 cells(Th17)and STAT3-VEGF pathway in pathogenesis of psoriasis.Methods:A total of 50 cases of psoriasis guinea pigs and 20 normal guinea pigs were selected.The ratio of Th17/IL-17 cell in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometric analysis;STAT3 and VEGF concentrations were measured hy immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results:The expression of Th17 in peripheral blood were significantly increased in psoriasis[(1.76±0.88)%]compared with controls[(0.48±0.27)%](P<0.05).Th17 related cytokine STAT3 and VEGF were significantly increased in psoriasis compared with controls(P<0.05),and were positively correlated the expression of Th17.Conclusions:The expressions of Th17,STAT3 and VEGF are elevated in psoriasis,which suggests Th17 cells have a potential role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by STAT3-VEGF pathway.展开更多
The clinical success of immune checkpoint therapy(ICT)has produced explosive growth in tumor immunology research because ICT was discovered through basic studies of immune regulation.Much of the current translational ...The clinical success of immune checkpoint therapy(ICT)has produced explosive growth in tumor immunology research because ICT was discovered through basic studies of immune regulation.Much of the current translational efforts are aimed at enhancing ICT by identifying therapeutic targets that synergize with CTLA4 or PD1/PD-L1 blockade and are solidly developed on the basis of currently accepted principles.Expanding these principles through continuous basic research may help broaden translational efforts.With this mindset,we focused this review on three threads of basic research directly relating to mechanisms underlying ICT.Specifically,this review covers three aspects of dendritic cell(DC)biology connected with antitumor immune responses but are not specifically oriented toward therapeutic use.First,we review recent advances in the development of the cDC1 subset of DCs,identifying important features distinguishing these cells from other types of DCs.Second,we review the antigen-processing pathway called cross-presentation,which was discovered in the mid-1970s and remains an enigma.This pathway serves an essential in vivo function unique to cDC1s and may be both a physiologic bottleneck and therapeutic target.Finally,we review the longstanding field of helper cells and the related area of DC licensing,in which CD4 T cells influence the strength or quality of CD8 T cell responses.Each topic is connected with ICT in some manner but is also a fundamental aspect of cell-mediated immunity directed toward intracellular pathogens.展开更多
基金supported by NIH grants K23 AR053507, a National Osteoporosis Foundation grant, and the Mary and David Hoar Fellowship Program of the New York Community Trust and the New York Academy of Medicine
文摘Osteoporotic fractures are a major public health problem worldwide, but incidence varies greatly across racial groups and geographic regions. Recent work suggests that the incidence of osteoporotic fracture is rising among Asian populations. Studies comparing areal bone mineral density and fracture across races generally indicate lower bone mineral density in Asian individuals including the Chinese, but this does not reflect their relatively low risk of non-vertebral fractures. In contrast, the Chinese have relatively high vertebral fracture rates similar to that of Caucasians. The paradoxically low risk for some types of fractures among the Chinese despite their low areal bone mineral density has been elucidated in part by recent advances in skeletal imaging. New techniques for assessing bone quality non-invasively demonstrate that the Chinese compensate for smaller bone size by differences in hip geometry and microstructural skeletal organization. Studies evaluating factors influencing racial differences in bone remodeling, as well as bone acquisition and loss, may further elucidate racial variation in bone microstructure. Advances in understanding the microstructure of the Chinese skeleton have not only helped to explain the epidemiology of fracture in the Chinese, but may also provide insight into the epidemiology of fracture in other races as well.
基金supported by Guangdong Medical Research Project(NoB2012240)
文摘Objective:To investigate the role of T help 17 cells(Th17)and STAT3-VEGF pathway in pathogenesis of psoriasis.Methods:A total of 50 cases of psoriasis guinea pigs and 20 normal guinea pigs were selected.The ratio of Th17/IL-17 cell in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometric analysis;STAT3 and VEGF concentrations were measured hy immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results:The expression of Th17 in peripheral blood were significantly increased in psoriasis[(1.76±0.88)%]compared with controls[(0.48±0.27)%](P<0.05).Th17 related cytokine STAT3 and VEGF were significantly increased in psoriasis compared with controls(P<0.05),and were positively correlated the expression of Th17.Conclusions:The expressions of Th17,STAT3 and VEGF are elevated in psoriasis,which suggests Th17 cells have a potential role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by STAT3-VEGF pathway.
文摘The clinical success of immune checkpoint therapy(ICT)has produced explosive growth in tumor immunology research because ICT was discovered through basic studies of immune regulation.Much of the current translational efforts are aimed at enhancing ICT by identifying therapeutic targets that synergize with CTLA4 or PD1/PD-L1 blockade and are solidly developed on the basis of currently accepted principles.Expanding these principles through continuous basic research may help broaden translational efforts.With this mindset,we focused this review on three threads of basic research directly relating to mechanisms underlying ICT.Specifically,this review covers three aspects of dendritic cell(DC)biology connected with antitumor immune responses but are not specifically oriented toward therapeutic use.First,we review recent advances in the development of the cDC1 subset of DCs,identifying important features distinguishing these cells from other types of DCs.Second,we review the antigen-processing pathway called cross-presentation,which was discovered in the mid-1970s and remains an enigma.This pathway serves an essential in vivo function unique to cDC1s and may be both a physiologic bottleneck and therapeutic target.Finally,we review the longstanding field of helper cells and the related area of DC licensing,in which CD4 T cells influence the strength or quality of CD8 T cell responses.Each topic is connected with ICT in some manner but is also a fundamental aspect of cell-mediated immunity directed toward intracellular pathogens.
