中国城市群演进过程中,内部各城市的功能专业化现象日渐突出,有必要探究功能专业化的测量方法和增长效应问题。本文构建了基于Duranton and Puga(2005)的D-P功能专业化指数以及自定义的相对功能专业化指数,进而估计城市功能专业化对经...中国城市群演进过程中,内部各城市的功能专业化现象日渐突出,有必要探究功能专业化的测量方法和增长效应问题。本文构建了基于Duranton and Puga(2005)的D-P功能专业化指数以及自定义的相对功能专业化指数,进而估计城市功能专业化对经济增长的影响。基于长三角城市群2003—2011年数据的研究表明:长三角中心城市与外围城市间"服务—生产"功能分工存在增强趋势;控制了人均资本存量、人力资本、政府行为、外商直接投资等因素后,城市功能专业化显著促进了经济增长。本文据此认为,城市应明确自身功能定位并着重发展优势功能。展开更多
在植物组织培养中 ,对于影响细胞分裂分化的 p H因子 ,人们对其真正的影响未引起足够的重视 .结合文献并通过实验发现 :环境 p H值对胞质 p H值、质膜透性、植物激素作用、生理代谢及培养物的生长和分化都存在不同程度影响 ,是植物组织...在植物组织培养中 ,对于影响细胞分裂分化的 p H因子 ,人们对其真正的影响未引起足够的重视 .结合文献并通过实验发现 :环境 p H值对胞质 p H值、质膜透性、植物激素作用、生理代谢及培养物的生长和分化都存在不同程度影响 ,是植物组织培养中应加以重视的影响因子 .展开更多
The present comparative review discusses conservation of early evolutionary, relic genetics in the genome of man, which determine two different mechanistic reductive division systems expressed by normal, human diploid...The present comparative review discusses conservation of early evolutionary, relic genetics in the genome of man, which determine two different mechanistic reductive division systems expressed by normal, human diploid cells. The divisions were orderly and segregated genomes reductively to near-diploid daughter cells, which showed gain of a proliferative advantage (GPA) over cells of origin. This fact of GPA expression is a fundamental requirement for initiation of tumorigenesis. The division systems were responses to a carcinogen-free induction system, consisting of short (1 - 3 days) exposures of young cells to nutritional deprivation of amino acid glutamine (AAD). In recovery growth (2 - 4 days) endo-tetra/ochtoploid cells and normal diploid metaphase cells demonstrated chromosomal reductive divisions to respectively heterozygous and homozygous altered daughter cells. Both division systems showed co-segregating whole complements, which for reduction of the diploid metaphases could only arise from gonomeric-based autonomous behavior of maternal and paternal (mat/pat) genomes. The timely associated appearance with these latter divisions was fast growing small-cells (1/2 volume-size reduced from normal diploidy), which became homozygous from haploid, genomic doubling. Both reductive divisions thus produced genome altered progeny cells with GPA, which was associated with pre-cancer-like cell-phenotypic changes. Since both “undesirable” reductive divisions expressed orderly division sequences, their genetic controls were assumed to be “old genetics”, evolutionarily conserved in the genome of man. Support for this idea was a search for evidential material in the evolutionary record from primeval time, when haploid organisms were established. The theory was that endopolyploid and gonomery-based reductive divisions relieved the early eukaryotic organisms from accidental, non-proliferative diploidy and polyploidy, bringing the organism back to vegetative haploid proliferation. Asexual cycles were common for main展开更多
This paper presents a new research agenda on climate change and green growth from the perspective of the division of labor in classical economics. The paper covers three major dimensions of green growth （i.e. carbon ...This paper presents a new research agenda on climate change and green growth from the perspective of the division of labor in classical economics. The paper covers three major dimensions of green growth （i.e. carbon emissions, environmental proteetion and material resources use） and some related important topics, as well as the fresh policy implications of the new research agenda, Typical marginal analysis in a given structure of the division of labor suggests that ＂green＂ action is a burden to economic development. Therefore, climate negotiation has become a burden-sharing game and has reached a stalemate. New thinking is badly needed to rescue these negotiations and to drive a shift to a new ＂green growth＂ paradigm. The proposed new research agenda represents an effort to create a new narrative on climate change and green growth. Because the new research agenda can theoretically predict the possibility that a more competitive structure of the division of labor could be triggered by ＂＇green ＂＇ policy, it has promising policy implications for various important challenges facing us in the 21st century.展开更多
文摘中国城市群演进过程中,内部各城市的功能专业化现象日渐突出,有必要探究功能专业化的测量方法和增长效应问题。本文构建了基于Duranton and Puga(2005)的D-P功能专业化指数以及自定义的相对功能专业化指数,进而估计城市功能专业化对经济增长的影响。基于长三角城市群2003—2011年数据的研究表明:长三角中心城市与外围城市间"服务—生产"功能分工存在增强趋势;控制了人均资本存量、人力资本、政府行为、外商直接投资等因素后,城市功能专业化显著促进了经济增长。本文据此认为,城市应明确自身功能定位并着重发展优势功能。
文摘The present comparative review discusses conservation of early evolutionary, relic genetics in the genome of man, which determine two different mechanistic reductive division systems expressed by normal, human diploid cells. The divisions were orderly and segregated genomes reductively to near-diploid daughter cells, which showed gain of a proliferative advantage (GPA) over cells of origin. This fact of GPA expression is a fundamental requirement for initiation of tumorigenesis. The division systems were responses to a carcinogen-free induction system, consisting of short (1 - 3 days) exposures of young cells to nutritional deprivation of amino acid glutamine (AAD). In recovery growth (2 - 4 days) endo-tetra/ochtoploid cells and normal diploid metaphase cells demonstrated chromosomal reductive divisions to respectively heterozygous and homozygous altered daughter cells. Both division systems showed co-segregating whole complements, which for reduction of the diploid metaphases could only arise from gonomeric-based autonomous behavior of maternal and paternal (mat/pat) genomes. The timely associated appearance with these latter divisions was fast growing small-cells (1/2 volume-size reduced from normal diploidy), which became homozygous from haploid, genomic doubling. Both reductive divisions thus produced genome altered progeny cells with GPA, which was associated with pre-cancer-like cell-phenotypic changes. Since both “undesirable” reductive divisions expressed orderly division sequences, their genetic controls were assumed to be “old genetics”, evolutionarily conserved in the genome of man. Support for this idea was a search for evidential material in the evolutionary record from primeval time, when haploid organisms were established. The theory was that endopolyploid and gonomery-based reductive divisions relieved the early eukaryotic organisms from accidental, non-proliferative diploidy and polyploidy, bringing the organism back to vegetative haploid proliferation. Asexual cycles were common for main
文摘This paper presents a new research agenda on climate change and green growth from the perspective of the division of labor in classical economics. The paper covers three major dimensions of green growth （i.e. carbon emissions, environmental proteetion and material resources use） and some related important topics, as well as the fresh policy implications of the new research agenda, Typical marginal analysis in a given structure of the division of labor suggests that ＂green＂ action is a burden to economic development. Therefore, climate negotiation has become a burden-sharing game and has reached a stalemate. New thinking is badly needed to rescue these negotiations and to drive a shift to a new ＂green growth＂ paradigm. The proposed new research agenda represents an effort to create a new narrative on climate change and green growth. Because the new research agenda can theoretically predict the possibility that a more competitive structure of the division of labor could be triggered by ＂＇green ＂＇ policy, it has promising policy implications for various important challenges facing us in the 21st century.
