Alluvial rivers may experience intense sediment transport and rapid bed evolution under a high flow regime,for which traditional decoupled mathematical river mod-els based on simplified conservation equations are not ...Alluvial rivers may experience intense sediment transport and rapid bed evolution under a high flow regime,for which traditional decoupled mathematical river mod-els based on simplified conservation equations are not applicable. A two-dimen-sional coupled mathematical model is presented,which is generally applicable to the fluvial processes with either intense or weak sediment transport. The governing equations of the model comprise the complete shallow water hydrodynamic equa-tions closed with Manning roughness for boundary resistance and empirical rela-tionships for sediment exchange with the erodible bed. The second-order Total-Variation-Diminishing version of the Weighted-Average-Flux method,along with the HLLC approximate Riemann Solver,is adapted to solve the governing equations,which can properly resolve shock waves and contact discontinuities. The model is applied to the pilot study of the flooding due to a sudden outburst of a real glacial-lake.展开更多
In this study, the Glacier Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF) that occurred over Kedarnath in June 2013 was modeled using integrated observations from the field and Remote Sensing(RS). The lake breach parameters such as area, ...In this study, the Glacier Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF) that occurred over Kedarnath in June 2013 was modeled using integrated observations from the field and Remote Sensing(RS). The lake breach parameters such as area, depth, breach, and height have been estimated from the field observations and Remote Sensing(RS) data. A number of modelling approaches, including Snow Melt Runoff Model(SRM), Modified Single Flow model(MSF), Watershed Management System(WMS), Simplified Dam Breach Model(SMPDBK) and BREACH were used to model the GLOF. Estimations from SRM produced a runoff of about 22.7 m3 during 16–17, June 2013 over Chorabari Lake. Bathymetry data reported that the lake got filled to its maximum capacity(3822.7 m3) due to excess discharge. Hydrograph obtained from the BREACH model revealed a peak discharge of about 1699 m3/s during an intense water flow episode that lasted for 10–15 minutes on 17 th June 2013. Excess discharge from heavy rainfall and snowmelt into the lake increased its hydrostatic pressure and the lake breached cataclysmically.展开更多
The Jokulhlaup of the Yarkant River (Yarkant He) is usually csused by the sudden discharge of the glacier-dammed lake and the mode of the discharge is the rapid expansion of the subglacial channel. Keyajir (Kyagar) Gl...The Jokulhlaup of the Yarkant River (Yarkant He) is usually csused by the sudden discharge of the glacier-dammed lake and the mode of the discharge is the rapid expansion of the subglacial channel. Keyajir (Kyagar) Glacier and Telamukanli Glacier are on the upper reaches of the Keleqin (Shaksgam) River, the chief birthplaces of this kind of flood. Up to the end of this century, since the global climate has become warmer, the glaciers have accordingly shrunk and become thinner, with the result that the size and dimensions of the glacier-dammed lakes and their outburst floods have diminished. All these simply reveal the mystery of the Jokulhlaups of the Yarkant River in Xinjiang.展开更多
基金the National Basic Research and Development Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No 2007CB14106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 50459001)the Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No KZCX3-SW-357-02)
文摘Alluvial rivers may experience intense sediment transport and rapid bed evolution under a high flow regime,for which traditional decoupled mathematical river mod-els based on simplified conservation equations are not applicable. A two-dimen-sional coupled mathematical model is presented,which is generally applicable to the fluvial processes with either intense or weak sediment transport. The governing equations of the model comprise the complete shallow water hydrodynamic equa-tions closed with Manning roughness for boundary resistance and empirical rela-tionships for sediment exchange with the erodible bed. The second-order Total-Variation-Diminishing version of the Weighted-Average-Flux method,along with the HLLC approximate Riemann Solver,is adapted to solve the governing equations,which can properly resolve shock waves and contact discontinuities. The model is applied to the pilot study of the flooding due to a sudden outburst of a real glacial-lake.
基金conducted as part of the DST, Govt. of India, New Delhi sponsored research project titled "Risk Assessment for Kedarnath Glacial Lake Outburst Floods" under the national project "Mapping Your Neighborhood in Uttarakhand (MANU)"the financial assistance received under the project to accomplish this research
文摘In this study, the Glacier Lake Outburst Flood(GLOF) that occurred over Kedarnath in June 2013 was modeled using integrated observations from the field and Remote Sensing(RS). The lake breach parameters such as area, depth, breach, and height have been estimated from the field observations and Remote Sensing(RS) data. A number of modelling approaches, including Snow Melt Runoff Model(SRM), Modified Single Flow model(MSF), Watershed Management System(WMS), Simplified Dam Breach Model(SMPDBK) and BREACH were used to model the GLOF. Estimations from SRM produced a runoff of about 22.7 m3 during 16–17, June 2013 over Chorabari Lake. Bathymetry data reported that the lake got filled to its maximum capacity(3822.7 m3) due to excess discharge. Hydrograph obtained from the BREACH model revealed a peak discharge of about 1699 m3/s during an intense water flow episode that lasted for 10–15 minutes on 17 th June 2013. Excess discharge from heavy rainfall and snowmelt into the lake increased its hydrostatic pressure and the lake breached cataclysmically.
文摘The Jokulhlaup of the Yarkant River (Yarkant He) is usually csused by the sudden discharge of the glacier-dammed lake and the mode of the discharge is the rapid expansion of the subglacial channel. Keyajir (Kyagar) Glacier and Telamukanli Glacier are on the upper reaches of the Keleqin (Shaksgam) River, the chief birthplaces of this kind of flood. Up to the end of this century, since the global climate has become warmer, the glaciers have accordingly shrunk and become thinner, with the result that the size and dimensions of the glacier-dammed lakes and their outburst floods have diminished. All these simply reveal the mystery of the Jokulhlaups of the Yarkant River in Xinjiang.
