AIM To study hepatocarcinogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS Expression of HCV antigens (CP10, NS3 and NS5) and several cancer associated gene products (ras p21, c myc, c erbB 2, mutated p53 and p16 pr...AIM To study hepatocarcinogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS Expression of HCV antigens (CP10, NS3 and NS5) and several cancer associated gene products (ras p21, c myc, c erbB 2, mutated p53 and p16 protein) in the tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n =46) and its surrounding liver tissue were studied by the ABC (avidin biotin complex) immunohistochemical method. The effect of HCV infection on expression of those gene products in HCC was analyzed by comparing HCV antigen positive group with HCV antigen negative group. RESULTS Positive immunostaining with one, two or three HCV antigens was found in 20 (43 5%) cases, with either of two or three HCV antigens in 16 (34 8%) cases, and with three HCV antigens in 9 (19 6%) cases. Deletion rate of p16 protein expression in HCC with positive HCV antigen (80%, 16/20) was significantly higher than that in HCC with negative HCV antigen. Whereas no significant difference of the other gene product expression was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION HCV appears related to about one third of cases of HCC in Chongqing, the southwest of China, and it may be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis by inhibiting the function of p16 gene, which acts as a negative regulator of cell cycle.展开更多
AIM To investigate the relationship between the expression of p16 gene and the gastric carcinogenesis,depth of invasion and lymph node metastases, and to evaluate the deletion and mutation of exon 2 in p16 gene in gas...AIM To investigate the relationship between the expression of p16 gene and the gastric carcinogenesis,depth of invasion and lymph node metastases, and to evaluate the deletion and mutation of exon 2 in p16 gene in gastric carcinoma.METHODS The expression of P16 protein was examined by streptavidin-peroxidase conjugated method (S-P); the deletion and mutation of p16 gene were respectively examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP) in gastric carcinoma.RESULTS Expression of P16 protein was detected in 96.25% (77/80) of the normal gastric mucosa, in 92.00% (45/50) of the dysplastic gastric mucosa and in 47.54% (58/122) of the gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of P16 protein expression in gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal gastric mucosa and dysplastic gastric mucosa (P＜0.05). The positive rate of P16 protein expression in mucoid carcinoma 10.00% (1/ 10) was significantly lower than that in poorly differentiated carcinoma 51.22% ( 21/ 41 ),undifferentiated carcinoma 57.69% (15/26) and signet ring cell carcinoma 62.50% (10/ 16) (P＜0.05). The positive rate of p16 protein in 30 cases paired primary and lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma: There was 46.67% (14/30) in primary gastric carcinoma, 16.67% (5/30) in lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of lymph node metastatic carcinoma was significantly lower than that of primary carcinoma (P＜0.05). There was of p16 gene mutation in exon 2, but 5 cases displayed deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 in the 25 primary gastric carcinomas.CONCLUSIONS The expression loss of P16 protein related to the gastric carcinogenesis, gastric carcinoma histopathological subtypes and lymph metastasis. The mutation of p16 gene in exon 2 may not be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. But the deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 may be involved in gastric carcinogenesis.展开更多
Myopia is a significant public health problem and its prevalence is increasing over time and genetic factors in disease development are important. The prevalence and incidence of myopia within sampled population often...Myopia is a significant public health problem and its prevalence is increasing over time and genetic factors in disease development are important. The prevalence and incidence of myopia within sampled population often varies with age, country, sec race, ethnicity, occupation, environment, and other factors. Myopia growth is under a combination of genes and their products in time and space to complete the coordination role of the guidance. Myopia-related genes include about 70 genetic loci to which primary myopias have been mapped, although the number is constantly increasing and depends to some extent on definition. Of these, several are associated with additional abnormalities, mostly as part of developmental syndromes. These tend to result from mutations in genes encoding transcriptional activators, and most of these have been identified by sequencing candidate genes in patients with developmental anomalies. Currently, collagen alpha-1 chain of type I(COL1A1), collagen alpha-1 chain of type II(COL2A1), actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1 (ACTC1), paired box gene 6 (PAX6) and NIPBL (nipped-B homolog), and so on have been mapped. Myopia is most commonly treated with spectacles or glasses. The most common surgical procedure performed to correct myopia is laser keratomileusis (LASIK). This review of the recent advances on epidemiology, genetic locations and treatments of myopia are summarized.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorders(ASD) are a pervasive neurodevelopmental disease characterized by deficits in social interaction and nonverbal communication, as well as restricted interests and stereotypical behavior. Geneti...Autism spectrum disorders(ASD) are a pervasive neurodevelopmental disease characterized by deficits in social interaction and nonverbal communication, as well as restricted interests and stereotypical behavior. Genetic changes/heritability is one of the major contributing factors, and hundreds to thousands of causative and susceptible genes, copy number variants(CNVs), linkage regions, and micro RNAs have been associated with ASD which clearly indicates that ASD is a complex genetic disorder. Here, we will briefly summarize some of the high-confidence genetic changes in ASD and their possible roles in their pathogenesis.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONHepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the major causes of death in the word.The mechanism of carcinogenesis is unknown,although it is widely accepted that HBV and HCV are clsely related to liver cancer[1-...INTRODUCTIONHepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the major causes of death in the word.The mechanism of carcinogenesis is unknown,although it is widely accepted that HBV and HCV are clsely related to liver cancer[1-5[1-5].Previously,a variety of studies have described the differences in gene expression which distinguished tumor from nontumor[6-11].Cloning of the genes,especially the genes associated with HBV and HCV,is still very important to account for the development of liver cancer.展开更多
目的探讨在阻塞性黄疸肝损害中 Bc(?)-2,Bax 基因的表达.方法结扎 Wistar 大鼠胆总管建立阻塞性黄疸大鼠动物模型.分为结扎后3,7,14,21 d 及阴性对照各组,每组8只.结扎后3,7,14,21 d 处死大鼠,门静脉抽血.离心后取上层血清行胆红素测定....目的探讨在阻塞性黄疸肝损害中 Bc(?)-2,Bax 基因的表达.方法结扎 Wistar 大鼠胆总管建立阻塞性黄疸大鼠动物模型.分为结扎后3,7,14,21 d 及阴性对照各组,每组8只.结扎后3,7,14,21 d 处死大鼠,门静脉抽血.离心后取上层血清行胆红素测定.HE 染色,光镜下观察阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝脏组织的病理改变.用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TdT)介导的 dUTP 缺口末端标记技术(TUNEL)和免疫组织化学方法检测阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝脏组织细胞凋亡状态及凋亡相关基因 Bc(?)-2,Bax 蛋白的表达.结果胆总管结扎后,随结扎时间的延长胆红素值逐渐增高.光镜下,胆总管结扎3d 即见肝内胆管扩张,结扎7 d,肝细胞内或细胞间瘀胆,纤维组织增生;结扎14 d,纤维组织增生向肝小叶内扩展;结扎21d,纤维组织带增宽,肝脏结构广泛改变.TUNEL 检测表明,正常大鼠肝组织偶见细胞凋亡,结扎3 d 即见细胞凋亡增加,结扎7 d 明显增加,结扎14 d 后细胞凋亡达高峰,凋亡指数(AI)达58.2%±1.6%,各组 AI 有显著性差异(P<0.05),21 d 细胞凋亡数目明显减少.SABC 免疫组化检测,Bc(?)-2蛋白的表达,对照组、胆总管结扎3 d,7 d 均为阴性表达,14 d 弱阳性表达,21 d 强阳性表达;结扎14 d,Bc(?)-2蛋白弱阳性表达,AI 达高峰,结扎21 d Bc(?)-2强阳性表达,AI 下降.Bax蛋白的表达,对照组、胆总管结扎3 d 均可见表达,7 d 表达增多,14 d 明显增多;21 d 表达减少;结扎7 d,Bax 蛋白中阳性表达,AI 增高;结扎14 d,Bax 蛋白强阳性表达,AI 达高峰.表明在阻塞性黄疸过程中,Bc(?)-2蛋白表达越强,凋亡指数越少;Bax蛋白表达越强,凋亡指数越强.结论 Bc(?)-2和 Bax 蛋白均参与了阻塞性黄疸肝组织中细胞凋亡的调节,并在阻塞性黄疸肝损害的发生和发展中起重要作用.展开更多
文摘AIM To study hepatocarcinogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS Expression of HCV antigens (CP10, NS3 and NS5) and several cancer associated gene products (ras p21, c myc, c erbB 2, mutated p53 and p16 protein) in the tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n =46) and its surrounding liver tissue were studied by the ABC (avidin biotin complex) immunohistochemical method. The effect of HCV infection on expression of those gene products in HCC was analyzed by comparing HCV antigen positive group with HCV antigen negative group. RESULTS Positive immunostaining with one, two or three HCV antigens was found in 20 (43 5%) cases, with either of two or three HCV antigens in 16 (34 8%) cases, and with three HCV antigens in 9 (19 6%) cases. Deletion rate of p16 protein expression in HCC with positive HCV antigen (80%, 16/20) was significantly higher than that in HCC with negative HCV antigen. Whereas no significant difference of the other gene product expression was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION HCV appears related to about one third of cases of HCC in Chongqing, the southwest of China, and it may be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis by inhibiting the function of p16 gene, which acts as a negative regulator of cell cycle.
基金the grant from the Teaching Committee of HunanProvince,No.97B095the"8th 5-year Plan"of Health Department of Hunan Province,No.9301
文摘AIM To investigate the relationship between the expression of p16 gene and the gastric carcinogenesis,depth of invasion and lymph node metastases, and to evaluate the deletion and mutation of exon 2 in p16 gene in gastric carcinoma.METHODS The expression of P16 protein was examined by streptavidin-peroxidase conjugated method (S-P); the deletion and mutation of p16 gene were respectively examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP) in gastric carcinoma.RESULTS Expression of P16 protein was detected in 96.25% (77/80) of the normal gastric mucosa, in 92.00% (45/50) of the dysplastic gastric mucosa and in 47.54% (58/122) of the gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of P16 protein expression in gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal gastric mucosa and dysplastic gastric mucosa (P＜0.05). The positive rate of P16 protein expression in mucoid carcinoma 10.00% (1/ 10) was significantly lower than that in poorly differentiated carcinoma 51.22% ( 21/ 41 ),undifferentiated carcinoma 57.69% (15/26) and signet ring cell carcinoma 62.50% (10/ 16) (P＜0.05). The positive rate of p16 protein in 30 cases paired primary and lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma: There was 46.67% (14/30) in primary gastric carcinoma, 16.67% (5/30) in lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of lymph node metastatic carcinoma was significantly lower than that of primary carcinoma (P＜0.05). There was of p16 gene mutation in exon 2, but 5 cases displayed deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 in the 25 primary gastric carcinomas.CONCLUSIONS The expression loss of P16 protein related to the gastric carcinogenesis, gastric carcinoma histopathological subtypes and lymph metastasis. The mutation of p16 gene in exon 2 may not be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. But the deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 may be involved in gastric carcinogenesis.
文摘Myopia is a significant public health problem and its prevalence is increasing over time and genetic factors in disease development are important. The prevalence and incidence of myopia within sampled population often varies with age, country, sec race, ethnicity, occupation, environment, and other factors. Myopia growth is under a combination of genes and their products in time and space to complete the coordination role of the guidance. Myopia-related genes include about 70 genetic loci to which primary myopias have been mapped, although the number is constantly increasing and depends to some extent on definition. Of these, several are associated with additional abnormalities, mostly as part of developmental syndromes. These tend to result from mutations in genes encoding transcriptional activators, and most of these have been identified by sequencing candidate genes in patients with developmental anomalies. Currently, collagen alpha-1 chain of type I(COL1A1), collagen alpha-1 chain of type II(COL2A1), actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1 (ACTC1), paired box gene 6 (PAX6) and NIPBL (nipped-B homolog), and so on have been mapped. Myopia is most commonly treated with spectacles or glasses. The most common surgical procedure performed to correct myopia is laser keratomileusis (LASIK). This review of the recent advances on epidemiology, genetic locations and treatments of myopia are summarized.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No.30340068) and the Scientific Research Foun-dation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB809102,2014CB942804,2014BAI03B01,2012YQ0302604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31222025,31171025)+1 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China(ZC)the Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry(ZC)
文摘Autism spectrum disorders(ASD) are a pervasive neurodevelopmental disease characterized by deficits in social interaction and nonverbal communication, as well as restricted interests and stereotypical behavior. Genetic changes/heritability is one of the major contributing factors, and hundreds to thousands of causative and susceptible genes, copy number variants(CNVs), linkage regions, and micro RNAs have been associated with ASD which clearly indicates that ASD is a complex genetic disorder. Here, we will briefly summarize some of the high-confidence genetic changes in ASD and their possible roles in their pathogenesis.
文摘INTRODUCTIONHepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the major causes of death in the word.The mechanism of carcinogenesis is unknown,although it is widely accepted that HBV and HCV are clsely related to liver cancer[1-5[1-5].Previously,a variety of studies have described the differences in gene expression which distinguished tumor from nontumor[6-11].Cloning of the genes,especially the genes associated with HBV and HCV,is still very important to account for the development of liver cancer.
文摘目的探讨在阻塞性黄疸肝损害中 Bc(?)-2,Bax 基因的表达.方法结扎 Wistar 大鼠胆总管建立阻塞性黄疸大鼠动物模型.分为结扎后3,7,14,21 d 及阴性对照各组,每组8只.结扎后3,7,14,21 d 处死大鼠,门静脉抽血.离心后取上层血清行胆红素测定.HE 染色,光镜下观察阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝脏组织的病理改变.用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TdT)介导的 dUTP 缺口末端标记技术(TUNEL)和免疫组织化学方法检测阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝脏组织细胞凋亡状态及凋亡相关基因 Bc(?)-2,Bax 蛋白的表达.结果胆总管结扎后,随结扎时间的延长胆红素值逐渐增高.光镜下,胆总管结扎3d 即见肝内胆管扩张,结扎7 d,肝细胞内或细胞间瘀胆,纤维组织增生;结扎14 d,纤维组织增生向肝小叶内扩展;结扎21d,纤维组织带增宽,肝脏结构广泛改变.TUNEL 检测表明,正常大鼠肝组织偶见细胞凋亡,结扎3 d 即见细胞凋亡增加,结扎7 d 明显增加,结扎14 d 后细胞凋亡达高峰,凋亡指数(AI)达58.2%±1.6%,各组 AI 有显著性差异(P<0.05),21 d 细胞凋亡数目明显减少.SABC 免疫组化检测,Bc(?)-2蛋白的表达,对照组、胆总管结扎3 d,7 d 均为阴性表达,14 d 弱阳性表达,21 d 强阳性表达;结扎14 d,Bc(?)-2蛋白弱阳性表达,AI 达高峰,结扎21 d Bc(?)-2强阳性表达,AI 下降.Bax蛋白的表达,对照组、胆总管结扎3 d 均可见表达,7 d 表达增多,14 d 明显增多;21 d 表达减少;结扎7 d,Bax 蛋白中阳性表达,AI 增高;结扎14 d,Bax 蛋白强阳性表达,AI 达高峰.表明在阻塞性黄疸过程中,Bc(?)-2蛋白表达越强,凋亡指数越少;Bax蛋白表达越强,凋亡指数越强.结论 Bc(?)-2和 Bax 蛋白均参与了阻塞性黄疸肝组织中细胞凋亡的调节,并在阻塞性黄疸肝损害的发生和发展中起重要作用.
