Yinyang theory and wuxing theory are the core parts in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and giving the accurate interpretation on these theories is one of directions for the modernization of TCM.In the cell,energ...Yinyang theory and wuxing theory are the core parts in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and giving the accurate interpretation on these theories is one of directions for the modernization of TCM.In the cell,energy metabolism and gene expression are the fundamental processes which are regarded as yin and yang respectively.Furthermore,energy agents,oxygen,end metabolic products,energy releasing as well as genes are the five basic factors for maintaining the undergoing of all biochemistries in cell.Because these factors are the substrates of five essential pathways for the survival of living cell and the abnormalities of any pathways will cause the death of cells,wuxing theory should be translated as five essential pathways in cell.These medical understandings on wuxing theory will not only give some novel viewpoints on the living cell but also promote the development of system biology in future.展开更多
According to molecular biology, genomic and proteomic data, the phytopathogenic gamma-proteobacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 produces a number of proteins that may promote infection and draw nutrients ...According to molecular biology, genomic and proteomic data, the phytopathogenic gamma-proteobacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 produces a number of proteins that may promote infection and draw nutrients from plants. Remarkably, P. syringae DC3000 strain possesses three paralogous gap genes encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) enzymes with different predicted molecular sizes and metabolic functions. As GAPDH was shown to be a virulence factor in other microbial pathogens, in the current study, we analyzed the expression levels of each paralogous gap gene by realtime PCR to understand the actual impact of their protein products on P. syringae virulence. We found that all of them were strongly induced during the infection process. Nevertheless, proteomic analysis of culture supernatants revealed that only Class I GAPDH1 encoded by the gap1 gene was identified as an extracellular protein in infective cells. These results strongly suggest that this GAPDH should play a role in the infective process, including its well-know enzymatic function in the glycolytic metabolic pathway.展开更多
Saffron （Crocus sativus L.） always is grown for using its flowers in nutrient industry, color industry and healthy compounds due to its flowers and specially stigmas. Because of its expensive flowers, surveying and ...Saffron （Crocus sativus L.） always is grown for using its flowers in nutrient industry, color industry and healthy compounds due to its flowers and specially stigmas. Because of its expensive flowers, surveying and recognizing on effective genes for flowering is very important and its results can help us to control rate and timing of flowering at an early stage of flowering. The gene and gene state meant Pistillata like MADS box （PIC2） were surveyed for recognizing its molecular mechanism. The molecular sequence at the genes has high similarity to members of family MADS that is a factor for controls of protein at flowering stage. PIC2 gene was studied by bioinforrnatics resources. Primers were designed for replicating the gene and DNA and RNA were extracted from saffron＇s leaves. The gene＇s eDNA was built by recopying enzyme and used such a pattern for replicating gene PIC2 at polymerase chain reactions （PCR）. Segments were replicated such 900 eDNA pair-nucleotides and a segment such 2,100 of DNA＇s pair-nucleotides. The gene codes a protein that was composed of 210 amino acids that has MADS sequence box. Analysis of protein＇s molecular structure and homological modeling of the protein indicated that it has a regular structure.展开更多
Conjugated, conductive polymers are a kind of important organic macromolecules, which has found appli- cations in a variety of areas. The application of conjugated polymers in developing fluorescent biosensors represe...Conjugated, conductive polymers are a kind of important organic macromolecules, which has found appli- cations in a variety of areas. The application of conjugated polymers in developing fluorescent biosensors represents the merge of polymer sciences and biological sciences. Conju- gated polymers are very good light harvesters as well as fluorescent polymers, and they are also “molecular wires”. Through elaborate designs, these important features, i.e. efficient light harvesting and electron/energy transfer, can be used as signal amplification in fluorescent biosensors. This might significantly improve the sensitivity of conjugated polymer-based biosensors. In this article, we reviewed the application of conjugated polymers, via either electron transfer or energy transfer, to detections of gene targets, an- tibodies or enzymes. We also reviewed recent efforts in con- jugated polymer-based solid-state sensor designs as well as chip-based multiple target detection. Possible directions in this conjugated polymer-based biosensor area are also dis- cussed.展开更多
Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness incapacitating over 80 million people worldwide. Several pathogenetic mechanisms have been postulated to explain the optic nerve damage that occur in...Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness incapacitating over 80 million people worldwide. Several pathogenetic mechanisms have been postulated to explain the optic nerve damage that occur in POAG among which genetic predisposition is prominent. Gene-Linkage-based studies have identified genes associated with POAG: Myocilin, Optineurin, WDR36, Tank-Binding Kinase (TBK1) and APbb-2. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of myocilin gene mutation in adult-onset POAG patients and non-glaucoma subjects who are indigenes of Rivers State. Methodology: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 393 POAG patients attending the Glaucoma Clinic of UPTH were compared with 393 age and sex-matched phenotypically normal participants. Clinical assessment combined with findings from clinical records was used. Venous blood was obtained for genomic analyses. Extracted DNA was sequenced with specific primers for myocilin and polymerase chain reaction. Zymo-Bead Genomic DNA kit protocol was used to detect allelic differences. Results: Total of 786 participants participated in the study. The mean age was 59.8 ± 11.8 years. The prevalence of myocilin gene mutation (MYOC) in the study population was 5.3%, in the POAG group was 8.4%, and 2.3% in the non-glaucoma group. This observed difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Location of the mutant myocilin gene was in GLC1A 171638779, 171638703, 171638610 and 171638608. Conclusion: Mutations in myocilin gene are associated with adult-onset POAG in Rivers State. Its relevance as a biomarker for diagnosis of adult-onset POAG needs further investigations.展开更多
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China:microRNA-194在非酒精性脂肪肝发病机制中的作用的研究(81300302)
文摘Yinyang theory and wuxing theory are the core parts in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and giving the accurate interpretation on these theories is one of directions for the modernization of TCM.In the cell,energy metabolism and gene expression are the fundamental processes which are regarded as yin and yang respectively.Furthermore,energy agents,oxygen,end metabolic products,energy releasing as well as genes are the five basic factors for maintaining the undergoing of all biochemistries in cell.Because these factors are the substrates of five essential pathways for the survival of living cell and the abnormalities of any pathways will cause the death of cells,wuxing theory should be translated as five essential pathways in cell.These medical understandings on wuxing theory will not only give some novel viewpoints on the living cell but also promote the development of system biology in future.
文摘According to molecular biology, genomic and proteomic data, the phytopathogenic gamma-proteobacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 produces a number of proteins that may promote infection and draw nutrients from plants. Remarkably, P. syringae DC3000 strain possesses three paralogous gap genes encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) enzymes with different predicted molecular sizes and metabolic functions. As GAPDH was shown to be a virulence factor in other microbial pathogens, in the current study, we analyzed the expression levels of each paralogous gap gene by realtime PCR to understand the actual impact of their protein products on P. syringae virulence. We found that all of them were strongly induced during the infection process. Nevertheless, proteomic analysis of culture supernatants revealed that only Class I GAPDH1 encoded by the gap1 gene was identified as an extracellular protein in infective cells. These results strongly suggest that this GAPDH should play a role in the infective process, including its well-know enzymatic function in the glycolytic metabolic pathway.
文摘Saffron （Crocus sativus L.） always is grown for using its flowers in nutrient industry, color industry and healthy compounds due to its flowers and specially stigmas. Because of its expensive flowers, surveying and recognizing on effective genes for flowering is very important and its results can help us to control rate and timing of flowering at an early stage of flowering. The gene and gene state meant Pistillata like MADS box （PIC2） were surveyed for recognizing its molecular mechanism. The molecular sequence at the genes has high similarity to members of family MADS that is a factor for controls of protein at flowering stage. PIC2 gene was studied by bioinforrnatics resources. Primers were designed for replicating the gene and DNA and RNA were extracted from saffron＇s leaves. The gene＇s eDNA was built by recopying enzyme and used such a pattern for replicating gene PIC2 at polymerase chain reactions （PCR）. Segments were replicated such 900 eDNA pair-nucleotides and a segment such 2,100 of DNA＇s pair-nucleotides. The gene codes a protein that was composed of 210 amino acids that has MADS sequence box. Analysis of protein＇s molecular structure and homological modeling of the protein indicated that it has a regular structure.
文摘Conjugated, conductive polymers are a kind of important organic macromolecules, which has found appli- cations in a variety of areas. The application of conjugated polymers in developing fluorescent biosensors represents the merge of polymer sciences and biological sciences. Conju- gated polymers are very good light harvesters as well as fluorescent polymers, and they are also “molecular wires”. Through elaborate designs, these important features, i.e. efficient light harvesting and electron/energy transfer, can be used as signal amplification in fluorescent biosensors. This might significantly improve the sensitivity of conjugated polymer-based biosensors. In this article, we reviewed the application of conjugated polymers, via either electron transfer or energy transfer, to detections of gene targets, an- tibodies or enzymes. We also reviewed recent efforts in con- jugated polymer-based solid-state sensor designs as well as chip-based multiple target detection. Possible directions in this conjugated polymer-based biosensor area are also dis- cussed.
文摘Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness incapacitating over 80 million people worldwide. Several pathogenetic mechanisms have been postulated to explain the optic nerve damage that occur in POAG among which genetic predisposition is prominent. Gene-Linkage-based studies have identified genes associated with POAG: Myocilin, Optineurin, WDR36, Tank-Binding Kinase (TBK1) and APbb-2. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of myocilin gene mutation in adult-onset POAG patients and non-glaucoma subjects who are indigenes of Rivers State. Methodology: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 393 POAG patients attending the Glaucoma Clinic of UPTH were compared with 393 age and sex-matched phenotypically normal participants. Clinical assessment combined with findings from clinical records was used. Venous blood was obtained for genomic analyses. Extracted DNA was sequenced with specific primers for myocilin and polymerase chain reaction. Zymo-Bead Genomic DNA kit protocol was used to detect allelic differences. Results: Total of 786 participants participated in the study. The mean age was 59.8 ± 11.8 years. The prevalence of myocilin gene mutation (MYOC) in the study population was 5.3%, in the POAG group was 8.4%, and 2.3% in the non-glaucoma group. This observed difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Location of the mutant myocilin gene was in GLC1A 171638779, 171638703, 171638610 and 171638608. Conclusion: Mutations in myocilin gene are associated with adult-onset POAG in Rivers State. Its relevance as a biomarker for diagnosis of adult-onset POAG needs further investigations.
