In the present study,flavor profiles of Chinese spiced beef in the cooking process were comparatively analyzed by electronic nose,gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS)with a thermal desorption system(TDS),and ...In the present study,flavor profiles of Chinese spiced beef in the cooking process were comparatively analyzed by electronic nose,gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS)with a thermal desorption system(TDS),and solid-phase microextraction(SPME).A total of 82 volatile compounds were identified,and 3-methyl-butanal,pentanal,hexanal,-xylene,heptanal,limonene,terpinene,octanal,linalool,4-terpinenol,-terpineol,and(E)-anethole were identified as the characteristic flavor compounds in Chinese spiced beef.Variation in the content of volatile components produced by different cooking processes was observed.In general,a cooking time of 4 h resulted in optimal flavor quality and stability.Results indicated that the electronic nose could profile and rapidly distinguish variation among different cooking time.The volatile profiling by TDS-GC–MS and responses from the electronic nose,in combination with multivariate statistical analysis,are a promising tool for control the cooking process of spiced beef.展开更多
应用基于气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)的代谢组学方法结合细胞周期实验,研究羽扇豆醇体外抑制人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的作用机理。代谢组学的研究结果表明:通过正交偏最小方差判别分析(OPLS-DA)可以很好地区分羽扇豆醇作用的MCF-7细胞代谢...应用基于气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)的代谢组学方法结合细胞周期实验,研究羽扇豆醇体外抑制人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的作用机理。代谢组学的研究结果表明:通过正交偏最小方差判别分析(OPLS-DA)可以很好地区分羽扇豆醇作用的MCF-7细胞代谢谱与对照组细胞代谢谱,模型参数为:R2 Ycum=0.988,Q2 Ycum=0.964。VIP(variable importance in the projection)值大于1的差异代谢物进一步用t检验进行单位分析,选择t<0.05(VIP>1)的代谢物作为羽扇豆醇作用组的生物标志物,得到琥珀酸、磷酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸等11种代谢差异物。结合羽扇豆醇将细胞周期抑制在G1期这一现象,推测羽扇豆醇可能是主要抑制了三羧酸循环中的琥珀酰辅酶A的生成和底物磷酸化生成ATP的反应来抑制MCF-7细胞的增殖。本实验从代谢组学角度为乳腺癌抗肿瘤机制提供新的线索。展开更多
Methyl jasmonate（MeJA） was widely applied in promoting food quality.Aroma is one of the key indicators in judging the quality of tea.This study examined the effect of exogenous MeJA treatment on tea aroma.The aroma ...Methyl jasmonate（MeJA） was widely applied in promoting food quality.Aroma is one of the key indicators in judging the quality of tea.This study examined the effect of exogenous MeJA treatment on tea aroma.The aroma components in black tea prepared from MeJA-treated fresh tea leaves were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction（HS-SPME） and were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） and GC-olfactometry（GC-O）.Forty-five volatile compounds were identified.The results revealed that the MeJA-treated black tea had higher levels of terpene alcohols and hexenyl esters than the untreated tea.Moreover,several newly components,including copaene,cubenol,and indole,were induced by the MeJA treatment.The activities of polyphenol oxidase and β-glucosidase in fresh tea leaves changed after the MeJA treatment.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR） analysis indicated that the gene expression levels of polyphenol oxidase and β-primeverosidase were upregulated by two and three folds,respectively,by the MeJA treatment（P0.01）; however,the gene expression of β-glucosidase was downregulated to a half level.In general,the aroma quality of the MeJAtreated black tea was clearly improved.展开更多
Objective：Aroma is the core factor in aromatherapy. Sensory evaluation of aromas differed among three sweet osmanthus （Osmanthus fragrans） cultivar groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the aroma-act...Objective：Aroma is the core factor in aromatherapy. Sensory evaluation of aromas differed among three sweet osmanthus （Osmanthus fragrans） cultivar groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the aroma-active compounds responsible for these differences. Methods： Gas chromatography-olfactometry （GC-O） and GC-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） were used to analyze the aroma-active compounds and volatiles of creamy-white （‘Houban Yingui’, HBYG）, yellow （‘Liuye Jingui’, LYJG）, and orange （‘Gecheng Dangui’, GCDG） cultivars. Results：Seventeen aroma-active compounds were detected among 54 volatiles. trans-β-Ocimene, trans-β-ionone, and linalool, which were major volatiles, were identified as aroma-active, while cis-3-hexenyl butanoate,γ-terpinene, and hexyl butanoate were also aroma-active compounds, although their contents were low. Analysis of the odors was based on the sum of the modified frequency （MF） values of aroma-active compounds in different odor groups. HBYG contained more herb odors, contributed by cis-β-ocimene and trans-β-ocimene, while LYJG had more woody/violet/fruity odors released by trans-β-ionone, α-ionone, and hexyl butanoate. In GCDG, the more floral odors were the result of cis-linalool oxide, trans-linalool oxide, and linalool. Conclusions：Aroma-active compounds were not necessarily only the major volatiles：some volatiles with low content also contributed to aroma. The aroma differences among the three cultivars resulted from variation in the content of different odor groups and in the intensities of aroma-active compounds.展开更多
The volatile chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the method of heuristic evolving latent projections and overall volume integration. The results...The volatile chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the method of heuristic evolving latent projections and overall volume integration. The results show that 38 volatile chemical components of RPR are determined, accounting for 95.21% of total contents of volatile chemical components of RPR. The main volatile chemical components of RPR are (Z, Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy- benzaldehyde, 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-ethanone, 6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1] heptane-2-methanol, 4,7-dimethyl-benzofuran, 4-(1-methylethenyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, and cyclohexadecane.展开更多
Active volatile components in drug pair(DP)Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi(HE-RC),single drug HE and RC were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS),chemometric resolution method(CRM)and overall volum...Active volatile components in drug pair(DP)Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi(HE-RC),single drug HE and RC were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS),chemometric resolution method(CRM)and overall volume integration.By means of CRM,the two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS instruments were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical compound.In total,97,62,and 78 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC,were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively,accounting for 90.08%,91.62%,and 89.76% total contents of volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC respectively.It is further demonstrated that the numbers of volatile components of DP HE-RC are almost the sum of those of two single drugs,but some relative contents of them are changed.Some new components,such as 1,6-dimethylhepta-1,3,5-triene,tetracyclo[4.2.1.1(2,5).0(9,10)]deca-3,7-diene,globulol and(E,E)-6,10,14-trimethyl-5,9,13-pentadecatrien-2-one are found in DP HE-RC because of chemical reactions and physical changes during decoction.展开更多
AIM:To gain new insights into tumor metabolism and to identify possible biomarkers with potential diagnostic values to predict tumor metastasis.METHODS:Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were implanted into 24 severe...AIM:To gain new insights into tumor metabolism and to identify possible biomarkers with potential diagnostic values to predict tumor metastasis.METHODS:Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were implanted into 24 severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice,which were randomly divided into metastasis group (n=8),non-metastasis group (n=8),and normal group (n=8).Urinary metabolomic information was obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).RESULTS:There were significant metabolic differences among the three groups (t test,P < 0.05).Ten selected metabolites were different between normal and cancer groups (non-metastasis and metastasis groups),and seven metabolites were also different between non-metastasis and metastasis groups.Two diagnostic models for gastric cancer and metastasis were constructed respectively by the principal component analysis (PCA).These PCA models were confirmed by corresponding receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve=1.00).CONCLUSION:The urinary metabolomic profile is different,and the selected metabolites might be instructive to clinical diagnosis or screening metastasis for gastric cancer.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus （HBV）-induced liver failure is an emergent liver disease leading to high mortality. The severity of liver failure may be reflected by the profile of some metabolites. This study assessed the potent...Hepatitis B virus （HBV）-induced liver failure is an emergent liver disease leading to high mortality. The severity of liver failure may be reflected by the profile of some metabolites. This study assessed the potential of using metabolites as biomarkers for liver failure by identifying metabolites with good discriminative performance for its phenotype. The serum samples from 24 HBV-indueed liver failure patients and 23 healthy volunteers were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） to generate metabolite profiles. The 24 patients were further grouped into two classes according to the severity of liver failure. Twenty-five eommensal peaks in all metabolite profiles were extracted, and the relative area values of these peaks were used as features for each sample. Three algorithms, F-test, k-nearest neighbor （KNN） and fuzzy support vector machine （FSVM） combined with exhaustive search （ES）, were employed to identify a subset of metabolites （biomarkers） that best predict liver failure. Based on the achieved experimental dataset, 93.62% predictive accuracy by 6 features was selected with FSVM-ES and three key metabolites, glyeerie acid, cis-aeonitie acid and citric acid, are identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the essential oils from flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and fruits of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis).METHODS: We extracted essential oils from different parts of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)...OBJECTIVE: To analyze the essential oils from flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and fruits of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis).METHODS: We extracted essential oils from different parts of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis) using a steam distillation method. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Data were collected in full scan mode(m/z 60-600). Volatile components were identified based on their retention indices and by comparing their mass spectra with those in the National Institute of Standards and Technology 2005 database assisted by tandem mass spectrometry information. The relative content of each constituent wasdetermined by area normalization.RESULTS: We identified 111 components, of which12 were common to all 5 parts, 30 were found only in roots, 14 were found only in flowers, 6 were found only in leaves, 4 were found only in stems,and 17 were found only in fruits.CONCLUSION: Our results show that the stems,flowers, leaves, and fruits of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)contain a high concentration of essential oils, and that the exact composition of the essential oils differs among the plant parts. To develop new medicines and make full use of the Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)resource, it is important to characterize the essential oils from different parts of the plant. In future research, it will be important to determine the pharmacological effects of the various components and the essential oil mixtures.展开更多
基金This work was part of the project“Research and Development of Nutrition and Health Processing for Halal Beef and Muttons”,and was financially supported by Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Technology R&D Support Program as well as the“13th Five-Year Plan”(No.2016YFD0400703)of National Key Research and Development Program of China.
文摘In the present study,flavor profiles of Chinese spiced beef in the cooking process were comparatively analyzed by electronic nose,gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS)with a thermal desorption system(TDS),and solid-phase microextraction(SPME).A total of 82 volatile compounds were identified,and 3-methyl-butanal,pentanal,hexanal,-xylene,heptanal,limonene,terpinene,octanal,linalool,4-terpinenol,-terpineol,and(E)-anethole were identified as the characteristic flavor compounds in Chinese spiced beef.Variation in the content of volatile components produced by different cooking processes was observed.In general,a cooking time of 4 h resulted in optimal flavor quality and stability.Results indicated that the electronic nose could profile and rapidly distinguish variation among different cooking time.The volatile profiling by TDS-GC–MS and responses from the electronic nose,in combination with multivariate statistical analysis,are a promising tool for control the cooking process of spiced beef.
文摘应用基于气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)的代谢组学方法结合细胞周期实验,研究羽扇豆醇体外抑制人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的作用机理。代谢组学的研究结果表明:通过正交偏最小方差判别分析(OPLS-DA)可以很好地区分羽扇豆醇作用的MCF-7细胞代谢谱与对照组细胞代谢谱,模型参数为:R2 Ycum=0.988,Q2 Ycum=0.964。VIP(variable importance in the projection)值大于1的差异代谢物进一步用t检验进行单位分析,选择t<0.05(VIP>1)的代谢物作为羽扇豆醇作用组的生物标志物,得到琥珀酸、磷酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸等11种代谢差异物。结合羽扇豆醇将细胞周期抑制在G1期这一现象,推测羽扇豆醇可能是主要抑制了三羧酸循环中的琥珀酰辅酶A的生成和底物磷酸化生成ATP的反应来抑制MCF-7细胞的增殖。本实验从代谢组学角度为乳腺癌抗肿瘤机制提供新的线索。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31270734)the Construction Project of Modern Agricultural Technology System(No.CARS-23)the Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2007C12G3020014),China
文摘Methyl jasmonate（MeJA） was widely applied in promoting food quality.Aroma is one of the key indicators in judging the quality of tea.This study examined the effect of exogenous MeJA treatment on tea aroma.The aroma components in black tea prepared from MeJA-treated fresh tea leaves were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction（HS-SPME） and were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） and GC-olfactometry（GC-O）.Forty-five volatile compounds were identified.The results revealed that the MeJA-treated black tea had higher levels of terpene alcohols and hexenyl esters than the untreated tea.Moreover,several newly components,including copaene,cubenol,and indole,were induced by the MeJA treatment.The activities of polyphenol oxidase and β-glucosidase in fresh tea leaves changed after the MeJA treatment.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR） analysis indicated that the gene expression levels of polyphenol oxidase and β-primeverosidase were upregulated by two and three folds,respectively,by the MeJA treatment（P0.01）; however,the gene expression of β-glucosidase was downregulated to a half level.In general,the aroma quality of the MeJAtreated black tea was clearly improved.
基金Project supported by the PhD Program Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(No.20130146110022)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31070623)
文摘Objective：Aroma is the core factor in aromatherapy. Sensory evaluation of aromas differed among three sweet osmanthus （Osmanthus fragrans） cultivar groups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the aroma-active compounds responsible for these differences. Methods： Gas chromatography-olfactometry （GC-O） and GC-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） were used to analyze the aroma-active compounds and volatiles of creamy-white （‘Houban Yingui’, HBYG）, yellow （‘Liuye Jingui’, LYJG）, and orange （‘Gecheng Dangui’, GCDG） cultivars. Results：Seventeen aroma-active compounds were detected among 54 volatiles. trans-β-Ocimene, trans-β-ionone, and linalool, which were major volatiles, were identified as aroma-active, while cis-3-hexenyl butanoate,γ-terpinene, and hexyl butanoate were also aroma-active compounds, although their contents were low. Analysis of the odors was based on the sum of the modified frequency （MF） values of aroma-active compounds in different odor groups. HBYG contained more herb odors, contributed by cis-β-ocimene and trans-β-ocimene, while LYJG had more woody/violet/fruity odors released by trans-β-ionone, α-ionone, and hexyl butanoate. In GCDG, the more floral odors were the result of cis-linalool oxide, trans-linalool oxide, and linalool. Conclusions：Aroma-active compounds were not necessarily only the major volatiles：some volatiles with low content also contributed to aroma. The aroma differences among the three cultivars resulted from variation in the content of different odor groups and in the intensities of aroma-active compounds.
基金Project(20235020) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The volatile chemical components of Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the method of heuristic evolving latent projections and overall volume integration. The results show that 38 volatile chemical components of RPR are determined, accounting for 95.21% of total contents of volatile chemical components of RPR. The main volatile chemical components of RPR are (Z, Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy- benzaldehyde, 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-ethanone, 6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1] heptane-2-methanol, 4,7-dimethyl-benzofuran, 4-(1-methylethenyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, and cyclohexadecane.
基金Project (01962502) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China
文摘Active volatile components in drug pair(DP)Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi(HE-RC),single drug HE and RC were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS),chemometric resolution method(CRM)and overall volume integration.By means of CRM,the two-dimensional data obtained from GC-MS instruments were resolved into a pure chromatogram and a mass spectrum of each chemical compound.In total,97,62,and 78 volatile chemical components in volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC,were respectively determined qualitatively and quantitatively,accounting for 90.08%,91.62%,and 89.76% total contents of volatile oil of HE,RC,and DP HE-RC respectively.It is further demonstrated that the numbers of volatile components of DP HE-RC are almost the sum of those of two single drugs,but some relative contents of them are changed.Some new components,such as 1,6-dimethylhepta-1,3,5-triene,tetracyclo[4.2.1.1(2,5).0(9,10)]deca-3,7-diene,globulol and(E,E)-6,10,14-trimethyl-5,9,13-pentadecatrien-2-one are found in DP HE-RC because of chemical reactions and physical changes during decoction.
基金Supported by The Key Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,Project No.09JC1411600Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,No.08ZR1411300
文摘AIM:To gain new insights into tumor metabolism and to identify possible biomarkers with potential diagnostic values to predict tumor metastasis.METHODS:Human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells were implanted into 24 severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice,which were randomly divided into metastasis group (n=8),non-metastasis group (n=8),and normal group (n=8).Urinary metabolomic information was obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).RESULTS:There were significant metabolic differences among the three groups (t test,P < 0.05).Ten selected metabolites were different between normal and cancer groups (non-metastasis and metastasis groups),and seven metabolites were also different between non-metastasis and metastasis groups.Two diagnostic models for gastric cancer and metastasis were constructed respectively by the principal component analysis (PCA).These PCA models were confirmed by corresponding receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve=1.00).CONCLUSION:The urinary metabolomic profile is different,and the selected metabolites might be instructive to clinical diagnosis or screening metastasis for gastric cancer.
基金Project supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.20070410397)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60705002)the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2005C13026)
文摘Hepatitis B virus （HBV）-induced liver failure is an emergent liver disease leading to high mortality. The severity of liver failure may be reflected by the profile of some metabolites. This study assessed the potential of using metabolites as biomarkers for liver failure by identifying metabolites with good discriminative performance for its phenotype. The serum samples from 24 HBV-indueed liver failure patients and 23 healthy volunteers were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） to generate metabolite profiles. The 24 patients were further grouped into two classes according to the severity of liver failure. Twenty-five eommensal peaks in all metabolite profiles were extracted, and the relative area values of these peaks were used as features for each sample. Three algorithms, F-test, k-nearest neighbor （KNN） and fuzzy support vector machine （FSVM） combined with exhaustive search （ES）, were employed to identify a subset of metabolites （biomarkers） that best predict liver failure. Based on the achieved experimental dataset, 93.62% predictive accuracy by 6 features was selected with FSVM-ES and three key metabolites, glyeerie acid, cis-aeonitie acid and citric acid, are identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers.
基金Breeding Research Project of Chinese Medical Herbs in Sichuan Province:Study on the breeding of new Chaihu variety and cultivation and the related techniques(No.2011NZ0098-12-11)China Spark Program in 2010(No.2010GA810056)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To analyze the essential oils from flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and fruits of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis).METHODS: We extracted essential oils from different parts of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis) using a steam distillation method. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Data were collected in full scan mode(m/z 60-600). Volatile components were identified based on their retention indices and by comparing their mass spectra with those in the National Institute of Standards and Technology 2005 database assisted by tandem mass spectrometry information. The relative content of each constituent wasdetermined by area normalization.RESULTS: We identified 111 components, of which12 were common to all 5 parts, 30 were found only in roots, 14 were found only in flowers, 6 were found only in leaves, 4 were found only in stems,and 17 were found only in fruits.CONCLUSION: Our results show that the stems,flowers, leaves, and fruits of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)contain a high concentration of essential oils, and that the exact composition of the essential oils differs among the plant parts. To develop new medicines and make full use of the Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)resource, it is important to characterize the essential oils from different parts of the plant. In future research, it will be important to determine the pharmacological effects of the various components and the essential oil mixtures.
