The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric an...The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.展开更多
In this paper,the authors give a characterization theorem for the standard tori S^(1)(a)×S^(1)(b),a,b>0,as the compact Lagrangianξ-submanifolds in the two-dimensional complex Euclidean space C^(2),and obtain ...In this paper,the authors give a characterization theorem for the standard tori S^(1)(a)×S^(1)(b),a,b>0,as the compact Lagrangianξ-submanifolds in the two-dimensional complex Euclidean space C^(2),and obtain the best version of a former rigidity theorem for compact Lagrangianξ-submanifold in C^(2).Furthermore,their argument in this paper also proves a new rigidity theorem which is a direct generalization of a rigidity theorem by Li and Wang for Lagrangian self-shrinkers in C^(2).展开更多
The weighted residuals method was used for obtaining the boundary integral representation of the velocity of the three-dimensional inviscid irrotational flow. It is shown that velocity in an arbitrary point of domain ...The weighted residuals method was used for obtaining the boundary integral representation of the velocity of the three-dimensional inviscid irrotational flow. It is shown that velocity in an arbitrary point of domain can be expressed through its values on the boundary. Boundary integral equations of the second kind for solving boundary-valued problems of the first and second kinds are developed. The result has been also generalised to the case of solenoidal vector fields with potential vorticity. It is shown that the resulting integral equations are Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and allow effective numerical solving of corresponding boundary-valued problems. Examples of numerical solutions for a sphere and an ellipsoid are given for demonstration of efficiency of the offered method.展开更多
Let M n be a complete space-like submanifold with parallel mean curvature vector in an indefinite space form N n+p p (c).A sharp estimate for the upper bound of the norm of the second fundamental form ...Let M n be a complete space-like submanifold with parallel mean curvature vector in an indefinite space form N n+p p (c).A sharp estimate for the upper bound of the norm of the second fundamental form of M n is obtained. A generalization of this result to complete space-like hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature in a Lorentz manifold is given. Moreover, harmonic Gauss maps of M n in N n+p p(c) in a generalized sense are considered.展开更多
It is of real and direct significance for China to cope with oil price fluctuations and ensure oil security. This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the specific contribution ratios of the complex factors influencin...It is of real and direct significance for China to cope with oil price fluctuations and ensure oil security. This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the specific contribution ratios of the complex factors influencing international crude oil prices and to establish crude oil price models to forecast long-term international crude oil prices. Six explanatory influential variables, namely Dow Jones Indexes, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development oil stocks, US rotary rig count, US dollar index, total open interest, which is the total number of outstanding contracts that are held by market participants at the end of each day, and geopolitical instability are specified, and the samples, from January 1990 to August 2017, are divided into six sub-periods. Moreover, the co-integration relationship among variables shows that the contribution ratios of all the variables influencing Brent crude oil prices are in accordance with the corresponding qualitative analysis. Furthermore, from September 2017 to December 2022 outside of the sample, the Vector Autoregressive forecasts show that annually averaged Brent crude oil prices for 2017-2022 would be $53.0, $61.3, $74.4, $90.0, $105.5, and $120.7 per barrel, respectively. The Vector Error Correction forecasts show that annual average Brent crude oil prices for 2017-2022 would be $53.0, $56.5, $58.5, $60.7, $63.0 and $65.4 per barrel, respectively.展开更多
动态电压恢复器(dynamic voltage restorer,DVR)是用于电能质量控制的主要设备之一。文章设计了一种DVR拓扑结构,不同于传统三相独立补偿单元的DVR,它针对三相三线制电网,采用2个独立补偿单元,经由滤波电容直接串入主电网。根据技术要...动态电压恢复器(dynamic voltage restorer,DVR)是用于电能质量控制的主要设备之一。文章设计了一种DVR拓扑结构,不同于传统三相独立补偿单元的DVR,它针对三相三线制电网,采用2个独立补偿单元,经由滤波电容直接串入主电网。根据技术要求设计实现的原理样机采用无差拍控制,通过线电压检测进行电压跌落补偿。实验证明,原理样机能及时检测系统电压扰动,并予以准确的补偿。展开更多
文摘The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11671121,11871197)
文摘In this paper,the authors give a characterization theorem for the standard tori S^(1)(a)×S^(1)(b),a,b>0,as the compact Lagrangianξ-submanifolds in the two-dimensional complex Euclidean space C^(2),and obtain the best version of a former rigidity theorem for compact Lagrangianξ-submanifold in C^(2).Furthermore,their argument in this paper also proves a new rigidity theorem which is a direct generalization of a rigidity theorem by Li and Wang for Lagrangian self-shrinkers in C^(2).
文摘The weighted residuals method was used for obtaining the boundary integral representation of the velocity of the three-dimensional inviscid irrotational flow. It is shown that velocity in an arbitrary point of domain can be expressed through its values on the boundary. Boundary integral equations of the second kind for solving boundary-valued problems of the first and second kinds are developed. The result has been also generalised to the case of solenoidal vector fields with potential vorticity. It is shown that the resulting integral equations are Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and allow effective numerical solving of corresponding boundary-valued problems. Examples of numerical solutions for a sphere and an ellipsoid are given for demonstration of efficiency of the offered method.
文摘Let M n be a complete space-like submanifold with parallel mean curvature vector in an indefinite space form N n+p p (c).A sharp estimate for the upper bound of the norm of the second fundamental form of M n is obtained. A generalization of this result to complete space-like hypersurfaces with constant mean curvature in a Lorentz manifold is given. Moreover, harmonic Gauss maps of M n in N n+p p(c) in a generalized sense are considered.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.41271551/71201157)the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFA0602700)
文摘It is of real and direct significance for China to cope with oil price fluctuations and ensure oil security. This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the specific contribution ratios of the complex factors influencing international crude oil prices and to establish crude oil price models to forecast long-term international crude oil prices. Six explanatory influential variables, namely Dow Jones Indexes, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development oil stocks, US rotary rig count, US dollar index, total open interest, which is the total number of outstanding contracts that are held by market participants at the end of each day, and geopolitical instability are specified, and the samples, from January 1990 to August 2017, are divided into six sub-periods. Moreover, the co-integration relationship among variables shows that the contribution ratios of all the variables influencing Brent crude oil prices are in accordance with the corresponding qualitative analysis. Furthermore, from September 2017 to December 2022 outside of the sample, the Vector Autoregressive forecasts show that annually averaged Brent crude oil prices for 2017-2022 would be $53.0, $61.3, $74.4, $90.0, $105.5, and $120.7 per barrel, respectively. The Vector Error Correction forecasts show that annual average Brent crude oil prices for 2017-2022 would be $53.0, $56.5, $58.5, $60.7, $63.0 and $65.4 per barrel, respectively.
文摘动态电压恢复器(dynamic voltage restorer,DVR)是用于电能质量控制的主要设备之一。文章设计了一种DVR拓扑结构,不同于传统三相独立补偿单元的DVR,它针对三相三线制电网,采用2个独立补偿单元,经由滤波电容直接串入主电网。根据技术要求设计实现的原理样机采用无差拍控制,通过线电压检测进行电压跌落补偿。实验证明,原理样机能及时检测系统电压扰动,并予以准确的补偿。
