Lithium metal is one of the most promising anodes to develop high energy density and safe energy storage devices due to its highest theoretical capacity(3860 mAh·g^(−1))and lowest electrochemical potential,demons...Lithium metal is one of the most promising anodes to develop high energy density and safe energy storage devices due to its highest theoretical capacity(3860 mAh·g^(−1))and lowest electrochemical potential,demonstrating great potential to fulfill unprecedented demand from electronic gadgets,electric vehicles,and grid storage.Despite these good merits,lithium metal suffers from low Coulombic efficiency and dendritic growth,leading to internal short-circuiting of the cell and raising safety concerns about employing lithium metal as an anode.Recently,lithium-tin(Li-Sn)alloys,among other lithium alloys,have emerged as a potential alternative to lithium metal to efficiently suppress the lithium dendrite formation and reduce interfacial resistance for safer and longer-lasting lithium batteries.Accordingly,this work first reviews the fundamentals of Li-Sn alloys,and critically analyzes the failure mechanisms of pristine Li-metal anode and how Li-Sn alloys could overcome those challenges.The subsequent section examines various strategies to synthesize Li-Sn bulk and protection film alloys,followed by an evaluation of symmetric cell performance.Furthermore,the comparative electrochemical performance of full cells against different cathodes and solid electrolytes provides an overview of the present research.Subsequently,advanced characterization techniques were discussed to visualize lithium dendrites directly and quantify the mechanical performance of Li-Sn alloys.Last but not the least,the state-of-the-art progress of applying M-Sn(M=Na and Mg)beyond lithium batteries was summarized.In closing,this work identifies the critical challenges and provides future perspectives on Li-Sn alloy for lithium batteries and beyond.展开更多
This study aimed to assess and analyzed the influence of micro and macro fundamental, ownership structure, financial performance, and auditor’s opinion on the value of the company in State Owned Enterprises consideri...This study aimed to assess and analyzed the influence of micro and macro fundamental, ownership structure, financial performance, and auditor’s opinion on the value of the company in State Owned Enterprises considering that 51% of shareholding is fully owned and controlled by the government so management has some rights in decision making. The interest of researchers in observing State Owned Enterprises on interest ownership interest in investors and potential investors compared to private companies that fluctuate in accordance with state economic conditions and government decisions that provide sentiment for stocks. Research population at 20 State Owned Enterprises listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research method used purposive sampling with 12 companies in 2010-2015. Data analysis techniques in this study used Partial Least Square consists of Inner model, Outers model, and Weight relation. The result of analysis of hypothesis test of research showing all test accepted with significant level 5% influence equal to 1.960 except macro fund influence 0.0031421 and not significant equal to 1.914374 so rejected (H5) and macro fundamentals have effect 0.040271 and not significant equal 1.674420 thus rejected (H7).展开更多
By using finite-time thermodynamics, the optimal performance of a Stirling heat engine with thermal resistance, heat leak and regenerative loss is studied. The fundamental optimal relation is derived and the bounds of...By using finite-time thermodynamics, the optimal performance of a Stirling heat engine with thermal resistance, heat leak and regenerative loss is studied. The fundamental optimal relation is derived and the bounds of power output and efficiency are deduced from it. Then the significance of the relation and bounds are revealed. The results obtained here may provide some new theoretical guides for the optimal design of Stirling heat engines.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Mitacs Accelerate,Canada Foundation for Innovation(CFI),B.C.Knowledge Development Fund(BCKDF)Fenix Advanced Materials,and the University of British Columbia(UBC).
文摘Lithium metal is one of the most promising anodes to develop high energy density and safe energy storage devices due to its highest theoretical capacity(3860 mAh·g^(−1))and lowest electrochemical potential,demonstrating great potential to fulfill unprecedented demand from electronic gadgets,electric vehicles,and grid storage.Despite these good merits,lithium metal suffers from low Coulombic efficiency and dendritic growth,leading to internal short-circuiting of the cell and raising safety concerns about employing lithium metal as an anode.Recently,lithium-tin(Li-Sn)alloys,among other lithium alloys,have emerged as a potential alternative to lithium metal to efficiently suppress the lithium dendrite formation and reduce interfacial resistance for safer and longer-lasting lithium batteries.Accordingly,this work first reviews the fundamentals of Li-Sn alloys,and critically analyzes the failure mechanisms of pristine Li-metal anode and how Li-Sn alloys could overcome those challenges.The subsequent section examines various strategies to synthesize Li-Sn bulk and protection film alloys,followed by an evaluation of symmetric cell performance.Furthermore,the comparative electrochemical performance of full cells against different cathodes and solid electrolytes provides an overview of the present research.Subsequently,advanced characterization techniques were discussed to visualize lithium dendrites directly and quantify the mechanical performance of Li-Sn alloys.Last but not the least,the state-of-the-art progress of applying M-Sn(M=Na and Mg)beyond lithium batteries was summarized.In closing,this work identifies the critical challenges and provides future perspectives on Li-Sn alloy for lithium batteries and beyond.
文摘This study aimed to assess and analyzed the influence of micro and macro fundamental, ownership structure, financial performance, and auditor’s opinion on the value of the company in State Owned Enterprises considering that 51% of shareholding is fully owned and controlled by the government so management has some rights in decision making. The interest of researchers in observing State Owned Enterprises on interest ownership interest in investors and potential investors compared to private companies that fluctuate in accordance with state economic conditions and government decisions that provide sentiment for stocks. Research population at 20 State Owned Enterprises listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research method used purposive sampling with 12 companies in 2010-2015. Data analysis techniques in this study used Partial Least Square consists of Inner model, Outers model, and Weight relation. The result of analysis of hypothesis test of research showing all test accepted with significant level 5% influence equal to 1.960 except macro fund influence 0.0031421 and not significant equal to 1.914374 so rejected (H5) and macro fundamentals have effect 0.040271 and not significant equal 1.674420 thus rejected (H7).
文摘By using finite-time thermodynamics, the optimal performance of a Stirling heat engine with thermal resistance, heat leak and regenerative loss is studied. The fundamental optimal relation is derived and the bounds of power output and efficiency are deduced from it. Then the significance of the relation and bounds are revealed. The results obtained here may provide some new theoretical guides for the optimal design of Stirling heat engines.
