英国法中的document of title并非大陆法系中的物权证券,其意指提单是其上所载货物的表征。英国法承认提单document of title功能的依据为商业习惯,而商业活动只是需要一份代表货物流转的单证。在我国法制下解释提单的物权功能应本着功...英国法中的document of title并非大陆法系中的物权证券,其意指提单是其上所载货物的表征。英国法承认提单document of title功能的依据为商业习惯,而商业活动只是需要一份代表货物流转的单证。在我国法制下解释提单的物权功能应本着功能性比较的原则,即不执着于寻找document of title的对应物,而是探究英国法中提单的document of title功能在我国法中如何完成,我国法对之作如何解释。我国法要求动产以交付作为物权变动的成立要件,故必须承认交付提单与交付货物具有同一效力,是为提单的物权效力。提单转让所处的法律关系有别,故持有人取得的权利不同,物权凭证说在此面临尴尬,物权效力理论则可揭示其原因。展开更多
Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR) offer unique opportunities for the architecture and construction industry through different approaches with building information modeling (BIM). While VR offers architecture...Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR) offer unique opportunities for the architecture and construction industry through different approaches with building information modeling (BIM). While VR offers architecture and construction practitioners the ability to personally experience the built environment in an immersive, MR with its unique ability of overlaying digital information in the real world allows practitioners to perform on-site visualization for construction planning and as-built verification. With their similar but distinct characteristics, VR and MR offer a variety of functionality to the architecture and construction industry that often confuses practitioners on what to choose to best fit their needs. To clarify this confusion, this paper investigates the available technologies of VR and MR in terms of both hardware and software and compares the functionality between the two for architecture and construction uses. While VR hardware has been developed into three categories based on their connection types and tracking methods, MR hardware has mainly focused on standalone devices. Eight VR software and nine MR software have been identified, investigated, and compared. This paper provides the latest information for architecture and construction practitioners on how VR and MR hardware and software work similarly and differently.展开更多
The chronic problems of having a large population versus limited land resources and an urban-rural dual system are the premise for discussing China ＇s agricultural ontology. According to its natural properties, there...The chronic problems of having a large population versus limited land resources and an urban-rural dual system are the premise for discussing China ＇s agricultural ontology. According to its natural properties, there are three main types of agriculture systems： large-farm agriculture, small-farm agriculture and household-based agriculture. China cannot pursue agricultural modernization based on the developed countries＇experiences with large-farm models regardless of its national conditions. Otherwise, it will suffer double negative externalities on the environment and food safety. In 2007, China made the policy shift towards modern agriculture. Current theoretical studies need to further explore new incentives and compensation mechanisms that are compatible with this new policy shift.展开更多
文摘英国法中的document of title并非大陆法系中的物权证券,其意指提单是其上所载货物的表征。英国法承认提单document of title功能的依据为商业习惯,而商业活动只是需要一份代表货物流转的单证。在我国法制下解释提单的物权功能应本着功能性比较的原则,即不执着于寻找document of title的对应物,而是探究英国法中提单的document of title功能在我国法中如何完成,我国法对之作如何解释。我国法要求动产以交付作为物权变动的成立要件,故必须承认交付提单与交付货物具有同一效力,是为提单的物权效力。提单转让所处的法律关系有别,故持有人取得的权利不同,物权凭证说在此面临尴尬,物权效力理论则可揭示其原因。
文摘Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR) offer unique opportunities for the architecture and construction industry through different approaches with building information modeling (BIM). While VR offers architecture and construction practitioners the ability to personally experience the built environment in an immersive, MR with its unique ability of overlaying digital information in the real world allows practitioners to perform on-site visualization for construction planning and as-built verification. With their similar but distinct characteristics, VR and MR offer a variety of functionality to the architecture and construction industry that often confuses practitioners on what to choose to best fit their needs. To clarify this confusion, this paper investigates the available technologies of VR and MR in terms of both hardware and software and compares the functionality between the two for architecture and construction uses. While VR hardware has been developed into three categories based on their connection types and tracking methods, MR hardware has mainly focused on standalone devices. Eight VR software and nine MR software have been identified, investigated, and compared. This paper provides the latest information for architecture and construction practitioners on how VR and MR hardware and software work similarly and differently.
文摘The chronic problems of having a large population versus limited land resources and an urban-rural dual system are the premise for discussing China ＇s agricultural ontology. According to its natural properties, there are three main types of agriculture systems： large-farm agriculture, small-farm agriculture and household-based agriculture. China cannot pursue agricultural modernization based on the developed countries＇experiences with large-farm models regardless of its national conditions. Otherwise, it will suffer double negative externalities on the environment and food safety. In 2007, China made the policy shift towards modern agriculture. Current theoretical studies need to further explore new incentives and compensation mechanisms that are compatible with this new policy shift.
