Grain yield is one of the most important indexes in rice breeding, which is governed by quantitative trait loci （QTLs）. Different map- ping populations have been used to explore the QTLs controlling yield related tr...Grain yield is one of the most important indexes in rice breeding, which is governed by quantitative trait loci （QTLs）. Different map- ping populations have been used to explore the QTLs controlling yield related traits. Primary populations such as F2 and recombi- nant inbred line populations have been widely used to discover QTLs in rice genome-wide, with hundreds of yield-related QTLs detected. Advanced populations such as near isogenic lines （NILs） are efficient to further fine-map and clone target QTLs. NILs for primarily identified QTLs have been proposed and confirmed to be the ideal population for map-based cloning. To date, 20 QTLs directly affecting rice grain yield and its components have been cloned with NIL-F2 populations, and 14 new grain yield QTLs havebeen validated in the NILs. The molecular mechanisms＇of＇a continuous/y increasing number of genes are being unveiled, which aids in the understanding of the formation of grain yield. Favorable alleles for rice breeding have been ＇mined＇ from natural cultivars and wild rice by association analysis of known functional genes with target trait performance. Reasonable combination of favorable alleles has the potential to increase grain yield via use of functional marker assisted selection.展开更多
Knowledge of allelic frequencies at loci associated with kernel weight and effects on kernel weight-related traits is crucial for yield improvement in wheat. Kernel weight-related traits were evaluated in 200 Chinese ...Knowledge of allelic frequencies at loci associated with kernel weight and effects on kernel weight-related traits is crucial for yield improvement in wheat. Kernel weight-related traits were evaluated in 200 Chinese winter wheat cultivars(lines) grown at the Xinxiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang in Henan Province, for three consecutive years from 2014 to 2016. Alleles associated with kernel weight at nine loci, TaCKX6-D1, TaCwi-A1, TaCWI-4A, TaGS1a, TaGS5-A1, TaGS3-3A, TaGW2-6A, TaSus2-2B, and TaTGW6-A1, were determined for all cultivars(lines). ANOVA showed that genotypes, years and their interactions had significant effects on thousand-kernel weight(TKW), kernel length(KL) and kernel width(KW). The overall mean frequencies of alleles conferring high and low TKW at the nine loci were 65.9% and 33.4%, with the ranges of 37.0%–85.0% and 13.5%–63.0% for single loci. The frequencies of high-TKW alleles were over 50.0% at eight of the loci. Genotypes at each locus with the high-TKW allele had higher TKW than those with the low-TKW allele. The high-TKW allele Hap-H at the TaSus2-2B locus can be preferably used to increase grain yield due to its high TKW(49.32 g). A total of 18 main allelic combinations(ACs) at nine loci were detected. Three ACs(AC1–AC3) had significantly higher TKW than AC6 with high-TKW alleles at all nine loci even though they contained some low-TKW alleles. This indicated that other loci controlling kernel weight were present in the high-TKW cultivars. This work provides important information for parental selection and marker-assisted selection for breeding.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30921091,30830064)the National Special Program for Research of Transgenic Plants of China (2009ZX08009-103B)+1 种基金the National Program on the Development of Basic Research (2010CB125901)the National Special Key Project of China on Functional Genomics of Major Plants and Animals (2012AA100103)
文摘Grain yield is one of the most important indexes in rice breeding, which is governed by quantitative trait loci （QTLs）. Different map- ping populations have been used to explore the QTLs controlling yield related traits. Primary populations such as F2 and recombi- nant inbred line populations have been widely used to discover QTLs in rice genome-wide, with hundreds of yield-related QTLs detected. Advanced populations such as near isogenic lines （NILs） are efficient to further fine-map and clone target QTLs. NILs for primarily identified QTLs have been proposed and confirmed to be the ideal population for map-based cloning. To date, 20 QTLs directly affecting rice grain yield and its components have been cloned with NIL-F2 populations, and 14 new grain yield QTLs havebeen validated in the NILs. The molecular mechanisms＇of＇a continuous/y increasing number of genes are being unveiled, which aids in the understanding of the formation of grain yield. Favorable alleles for rice breeding have been ＇mined＇ from natural cultivars and wild rice by association analysis of known functional genes with target trait performance. Reasonable combination of favorable alleles has the potential to increase grain yield via use of functional marker assisted selection.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0101000, 2016YFD0101004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771881, 31401468)the CAAS Innovation Team and the National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding
文摘Knowledge of allelic frequencies at loci associated with kernel weight and effects on kernel weight-related traits is crucial for yield improvement in wheat. Kernel weight-related traits were evaluated in 200 Chinese winter wheat cultivars(lines) grown at the Xinxiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang in Henan Province, for three consecutive years from 2014 to 2016. Alleles associated with kernel weight at nine loci, TaCKX6-D1, TaCwi-A1, TaCWI-4A, TaGS1a, TaGS5-A1, TaGS3-3A, TaGW2-6A, TaSus2-2B, and TaTGW6-A1, were determined for all cultivars(lines). ANOVA showed that genotypes, years and their interactions had significant effects on thousand-kernel weight(TKW), kernel length(KL) and kernel width(KW). The overall mean frequencies of alleles conferring high and low TKW at the nine loci were 65.9% and 33.4%, with the ranges of 37.0%–85.0% and 13.5%–63.0% for single loci. The frequencies of high-TKW alleles were over 50.0% at eight of the loci. Genotypes at each locus with the high-TKW allele had higher TKW than those with the low-TKW allele. The high-TKW allele Hap-H at the TaSus2-2B locus can be preferably used to increase grain yield due to its high TKW(49.32 g). A total of 18 main allelic combinations(ACs) at nine loci were detected. Three ACs(AC1–AC3) had significantly higher TKW than AC6 with high-TKW alleles at all nine loci even though they contained some low-TKW alleles. This indicated that other loci controlling kernel weight were present in the high-TKW cultivars. This work provides important information for parental selection and marker-assisted selection for breeding.
