This review describes the conceptual and clinical relations between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), other functional, somatoform, and mental disorders, and points to appropriate future conceptualizations. IBS is consi...This review describes the conceptual and clinical relations between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), other functional, somatoform, and mental disorders, and points to appropriate future conceptualizations. IBS is considered to be a functional somatic syndrome (FSS) with a considerable symptom overlap with other FSSs like chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia syndrome. IBS patients show an increased prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and disorders, especially depression and anxiety. IBS is largely congruent with the concepts of somatoform and somatic symptom disorders. Roughly 50% of IBS patients complain of gastrointestinal symptoms only and have no psychiatric comorbidity. IBS concepts, treatment approaches, as well as health care structures should acknowledge its variability and multidimensionality by: (1) awareness of additional extraintestinal and psychobehavioral symptoms in patients with IBS; (2) general and collaborative care rather than specialist and separated care; and (3) implementation of “interface disorders” to abandon the dualistic classification of purely organic or purely mental disorders.展开更多
Aqueous Zn metal batteries have become competitive electrochemical energy storage systems owing to their material abundance,low cost,high capacity,and nontoxicity.Nevertheless,the notorious Zn dendrites and poor anode...Aqueous Zn metal batteries have become competitive electrochemical energy storage systems owing to their material abundance,low cost,high capacity,and nontoxicity.Nevertheless,the notorious Zn dendrites and poor anode reversibility caused by the insulating by-products and“dead Zn”are still formidable challenges for their practical application.Herein,an SnS-based layer coated on the Zn anode is reported to tackle these problems.The semiconducting SnS with a higher work function can drive the electrons from the Zn anode,which constructs a polarized interface between the SnS layer and Zn.The semiconducting importance of the coating layer is verified through theoretical simulations,which can migrate the polarization layer from the electrode surface to a wellprotected spot beneath the coating layer.This polarization interface is effective in homogenizing the Zn^(2+)flux and repelling the anions from electrochemical corrosion.Compared with the bare Zn,the SnS-coated Zn anode exhibits a notable 14.7-fold enhancement in plating/stripping lifetime(over 3000 h),high reversibility(with CE of 99.74%),and superior stability in full cells when paired with vanadium-and manganese-based cathodes.展开更多
文摘This review describes the conceptual and clinical relations between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), other functional, somatoform, and mental disorders, and points to appropriate future conceptualizations. IBS is considered to be a functional somatic syndrome (FSS) with a considerable symptom overlap with other FSSs like chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia syndrome. IBS patients show an increased prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and disorders, especially depression and anxiety. IBS is largely congruent with the concepts of somatoform and somatic symptom disorders. Roughly 50% of IBS patients complain of gastrointestinal symptoms only and have no psychiatric comorbidity. IBS concepts, treatment approaches, as well as health care structures should acknowledge its variability and multidimensionality by: (1) awareness of additional extraintestinal and psychobehavioral symptoms in patients with IBS; (2) general and collaborative care rather than specialist and separated care; and (3) implementation of “interface disorders” to abandon the dualistic classification of purely organic or purely mental disorders.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51874362,52002270)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M670661).
文摘Aqueous Zn metal batteries have become competitive electrochemical energy storage systems owing to their material abundance,low cost,high capacity,and nontoxicity.Nevertheless,the notorious Zn dendrites and poor anode reversibility caused by the insulating by-products and“dead Zn”are still formidable challenges for their practical application.Herein,an SnS-based layer coated on the Zn anode is reported to tackle these problems.The semiconducting SnS with a higher work function can drive the electrons from the Zn anode,which constructs a polarized interface between the SnS layer and Zn.The semiconducting importance of the coating layer is verified through theoretical simulations,which can migrate the polarization layer from the electrode surface to a wellprotected spot beneath the coating layer.This polarization interface is effective in homogenizing the Zn^(2+)flux and repelling the anions from electrochemical corrosion.Compared with the bare Zn,the SnS-coated Zn anode exhibits a notable 14.7-fold enhancement in plating/stripping lifetime(over 3000 h),high reversibility(with CE of 99.74%),and superior stability in full cells when paired with vanadium-and manganese-based cathodes.
