Considering the estimation accuracy reduction of Frequency Difference of Arrival （FDOA） caused by relative Doppler companding, a joint Time Difference of Arrival （TDOA）, FDOA and differential Doppler rate estimati...Considering the estimation accuracy reduction of Frequency Difference of Arrival （FDOA） caused by relative Doppler companding, a joint Time Difference of Arrival （TDOA）, FDOA and differential Doppler rate estimation method is proposed and its Cramer-Rao low bound is derived in this paper. Firstly, second-order ambiguity function is utilized to reduce the dimensionality and estimate initial TDOA and differential Doppler rate. Secondly, the TDOA estimation is updated and FDOA is obtained using cross ambiguity function, in which relative Doppler com- panding is compensated by the existing differential Doppler rate. Thirdly, differential Doppler rate estimation is updated using cross estimator. Theoretical analysis on estimation variance and Cramer-Rao low bound shows that the final estimation of TDOA, FDOA and differential Doppler rate performs well at both low and high signal-noise ratio, although the initial estimation accuracy of TDOA and differential Doppler rate is relatively poor under low signal-noise ratio conditions. Simulation results finally verify the theoretical analysis and show that the proposed method can overcome relative Doppler companding problem and performs well for all TDOA, FDOA and differential Doppler rate estimation.展开更多
鉴于无源定位技术已经成为现代信息化作战的核心技术,提出了一种新的运动多站无源时差(time difference of arrival, TDOA)频差(frequency difference of arrival, FDOA)联合定位方法去解决无源定位系统中的非线性最优化问题。通过智能...鉴于无源定位技术已经成为现代信息化作战的核心技术,提出了一种新的运动多站无源时差(time difference of arrival, TDOA)频差(frequency difference of arrival, FDOA)联合定位方法去解决无源定位系统中的非线性最优化问题。通过智能算法的启发,将优化后的基于线性递减权重和物竞天择的粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization algorithm based on linear decreasing weight and natural selection, WSPSO)与经典加权最小二乘算法(weighted least squares, WLS)相联合对目标进行跟踪定位。加权最小二乘定位算法在4个基站的情况下无法实现对辐射源的定位,所得定位结果会出现多解。而所提的运动多站联合定位算法在4个基站的条件下不存在初始目标位置估计和局部收敛等问题就能够实现辐射源的精确定位。通过大量仿真结果分析,本文所提的智能优化定位算法具有更高的目标定位精度和更稳健的定位性能,优于标准粒子群算法与优化PSO算法。展开更多
The localization of a stationary transmitter using moving receivers is considered. The original Direct Position Determination （DPD） methods, with combined Time Difference of Arrival （TDOA） and Frequency Difference...The localization of a stationary transmitter using moving receivers is considered. The original Direct Position Determination （DPD） methods, with combined Time Difference of Arrival （TDOA） and Frequency Difference of Arrival （FDOA）, do not perform well under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio （SNR）, and worse still, the computation cost is difficult to accept when the computational capabilities are limited. To get better positioning performance, we present a new DPD algorithm that proves to be more computationally efficient and more precise for weak signals than the conventional approach. The algorithm partitions the signal received with the same receiver into multiple non-overlapping short-time signal segments, and then uses the TDOA, the FDOA and the coherency among the short-time signals to locate the target. The fast maximum likelihood estimation, one iterative method based on particle filter, is designed to solve the problem of high computation load. A secondary but important result is a derivation of closed-form expressions of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound （CRLB）. The simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper outperforms the traditional DPD algorithms with more accurate results and higher computational efficiency, and especially at low SNR, it is more close to the CRLB.展开更多
A linear-correction least-squares（LCLS） estimation procedure is proposed for geolocation using frequency difference of arrival （FDOA） measurements only. We first analyze the measurements of FDOA, and further deriv...A linear-correction least-squares（LCLS） estimation procedure is proposed for geolocation using frequency difference of arrival （FDOA） measurements only. We first analyze the measurements of FDOA, and further derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound （CRLB） of geoloeation using FDOA measurements. For the localization model is a nonlinear least squares（LS） estimator with a nonlinear constrained, a linearizing method is used to convert the model to a linear least squares estimator with a nonlinear con- strained. The Gauss-Newton iteration method is developed to conquer the source localization problem. From the analysis of solving Lagrange multiplier, the algorithm is a generalization of linear-correction least squares estimation procedure under the condition of geolocation using FDOA measurements only. The algorithm is compared with common least squares estimation. Comparisons of their estimation accuracy and the CRLB are made, and the proposed method attains the CRLB. Simulation re- sults are included to corroborate the theoretical development.展开更多
针对水下复杂的定位场景中,两阶段加权最小二乘算法因为忽视噪声平方项而造成的定位不精确问题,本文提出了一种基于泰勒加权最小二乘算法的水下到达时间差和到达频率差(Time difference of arrival and frequency difference of arrival...针对水下复杂的定位场景中,两阶段加权最小二乘算法因为忽视噪声平方项而造成的定位不精确问题,本文提出了一种基于泰勒加权最小二乘算法的水下到达时间差和到达频率差(Time difference of arrival and frequency difference of arrival,TDOA/FDOA)联合定位方法。该方法首先通过加权最小二乘算法求解目标粗估计位置和速度;然后通过求解TDOA/FDOA测量值的泰勒展开式构造定位误差方程,用迭代的方法不断更新目标估计位置和速度;最后,当定位误差足够小或达到最大迭代次数的时候,算法停止运行并输出目标估计位置和速度。仿真表明,在噪声方差小于10 dB时,本文算法的位置和速度估计的均方根误差能够接近或约等于克拉美罗下界。展开更多
采用频率测量实现目标定位具有成本低、可靠性高的特点,仅利用到达频率差(frequency difference of arrival,FDOA)测量,提出了一种静态目标位置的精确定位方法。针对所建立的频率测量方程的高度非线性这一问题,通过引入辅助变量,将其转...采用频率测量实现目标定位具有成本低、可靠性高的特点,仅利用到达频率差(frequency difference of arrival,FDOA)测量,提出了一种静态目标位置的精确定位方法。针对所建立的频率测量方程的高度非线性这一问题,通过引入辅助变量,将其转化为矩阵形式的伪线性方程;然后利用半正定松弛(semi-definite relaxation,SDR)方法将非凸的加权最小二乘(weighted least square,WLS)问题松弛为半正定规划(semidefinite programming,SDP)问题,从而进一步精确估计未知变量;最后对所提出方法的均方根误差(rootmean-square error,RMSE)进行了分析,以验证其性能。仿真结果表明,在较低的高斯噪声水平下,所采用的半正定松弛方法的性能能够达到克拉美罗下界(Cramer-Rao lower bound,CRLB),且该算法对几何形状具有较高的鲁棒性;此外,在使用较少数量的传感器时,其RMSE性能要优于两阶段加权最小二乘(two-stage weighted least square,TSWLS)法。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61671273)
文摘Considering the estimation accuracy reduction of Frequency Difference of Arrival （FDOA） caused by relative Doppler companding, a joint Time Difference of Arrival （TDOA）, FDOA and differential Doppler rate estimation method is proposed and its Cramer-Rao low bound is derived in this paper. Firstly, second-order ambiguity function is utilized to reduce the dimensionality and estimate initial TDOA and differential Doppler rate. Secondly, the TDOA estimation is updated and FDOA is obtained using cross ambiguity function, in which relative Doppler com- panding is compensated by the existing differential Doppler rate. Thirdly, differential Doppler rate estimation is updated using cross estimator. Theoretical analysis on estimation variance and Cramer-Rao low bound shows that the final estimation of TDOA, FDOA and differential Doppler rate performs well at both low and high signal-noise ratio, although the initial estimation accuracy of TDOA and differential Doppler rate is relatively poor under low signal-noise ratio conditions. Simulation results finally verify the theoretical analysis and show that the proposed method can overcome relative Doppler companding problem and performs well for all TDOA, FDOA and differential Doppler rate estimation.
文摘鉴于无源定位技术已经成为现代信息化作战的核心技术,提出了一种新的运动多站无源时差(time difference of arrival, TDOA)频差(frequency difference of arrival, FDOA)联合定位方法去解决无源定位系统中的非线性最优化问题。通过智能算法的启发,将优化后的基于线性递减权重和物竞天择的粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization algorithm based on linear decreasing weight and natural selection, WSPSO)与经典加权最小二乘算法(weighted least squares, WLS)相联合对目标进行跟踪定位。加权最小二乘定位算法在4个基站的情况下无法实现对辐射源的定位,所得定位结果会出现多解。而所提的运动多站联合定位算法在4个基站的条件下不存在初始目标位置估计和局部收敛等问题就能够实现辐射源的精确定位。通过大量仿真结果分析,本文所提的智能优化定位算法具有更高的目标定位精度和更稳健的定位性能,优于标准粒子群算法与优化PSO算法。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61401513)
文摘The localization of a stationary transmitter using moving receivers is considered. The original Direct Position Determination （DPD） methods, with combined Time Difference of Arrival （TDOA） and Frequency Difference of Arrival （FDOA）, do not perform well under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio （SNR）, and worse still, the computation cost is difficult to accept when the computational capabilities are limited. To get better positioning performance, we present a new DPD algorithm that proves to be more computationally efficient and more precise for weak signals than the conventional approach. The algorithm partitions the signal received with the same receiver into multiple non-overlapping short-time signal segments, and then uses the TDOA, the FDOA and the coherency among the short-time signals to locate the target. The fast maximum likelihood estimation, one iterative method based on particle filter, is designed to solve the problem of high computation load. A secondary but important result is a derivation of closed-form expressions of the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound （CRLB）. The simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper outperforms the traditional DPD algorithms with more accurate results and higher computational efficiency, and especially at low SNR, it is more close to the CRLB.
基金National High-tech Research and Development Program of China (2011AA7072043)National Defense Key Laboratory Foundation of China (9140C860304)Innovation Fund of Graduate School of NUDT (B120406)
文摘A linear-correction least-squares（LCLS） estimation procedure is proposed for geolocation using frequency difference of arrival （FDOA） measurements only. We first analyze the measurements of FDOA, and further derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound （CRLB） of geoloeation using FDOA measurements. For the localization model is a nonlinear least squares（LS） estimator with a nonlinear constrained, a linearizing method is used to convert the model to a linear least squares estimator with a nonlinear con- strained. The Gauss-Newton iteration method is developed to conquer the source localization problem. From the analysis of solving Lagrange multiplier, the algorithm is a generalization of linear-correction least squares estimation procedure under the condition of geolocation using FDOA measurements only. The algorithm is compared with common least squares estimation. Comparisons of their estimation accuracy and the CRLB are made, and the proposed method attains the CRLB. Simulation re- sults are included to corroborate the theoretical development.
文摘针对水下复杂的定位场景中,两阶段加权最小二乘算法因为忽视噪声平方项而造成的定位不精确问题,本文提出了一种基于泰勒加权最小二乘算法的水下到达时间差和到达频率差(Time difference of arrival and frequency difference of arrival,TDOA/FDOA)联合定位方法。该方法首先通过加权最小二乘算法求解目标粗估计位置和速度;然后通过求解TDOA/FDOA测量值的泰勒展开式构造定位误差方程,用迭代的方法不断更新目标估计位置和速度;最后,当定位误差足够小或达到最大迭代次数的时候,算法停止运行并输出目标估计位置和速度。仿真表明,在噪声方差小于10 dB时,本文算法的位置和速度估计的均方根误差能够接近或约等于克拉美罗下界。
文摘采用频率测量实现目标定位具有成本低、可靠性高的特点,仅利用到达频率差(frequency difference of arrival,FDOA)测量,提出了一种静态目标位置的精确定位方法。针对所建立的频率测量方程的高度非线性这一问题,通过引入辅助变量,将其转化为矩阵形式的伪线性方程;然后利用半正定松弛(semi-definite relaxation,SDR)方法将非凸的加权最小二乘(weighted least square,WLS)问题松弛为半正定规划(semidefinite programming,SDP)问题,从而进一步精确估计未知变量;最后对所提出方法的均方根误差(rootmean-square error,RMSE)进行了分析,以验证其性能。仿真结果表明,在较低的高斯噪声水平下,所采用的半正定松弛方法的性能能够达到克拉美罗下界(Cramer-Rao lower bound,CRLB),且该算法对几何形状具有较高的鲁棒性;此外,在使用较少数量的传感器时,其RMSE性能要优于两阶段加权最小二乘(two-stage weighted least square,TSWLS)法。
