Granite is one of the most important components of the continental crust on our Earth; it thus has been an enduring studied subject in geology. According to present knowledge, granite shows a great deal of heterogenei...Granite is one of the most important components of the continental crust on our Earth; it thus has been an enduring studied subject in geology. According to present knowledge, granite shows a great deal of heterogeneity in terms of its texture,structure, mineral species and geochemical compositions at different scales from small dike to large batholith. However, the reasons for these variations are not well understood although numerous interpretations have been proposed. The key point of this debate is whether granitic magma can be effectively differentiated through fractional crystallization, and, if so, what kind of crystallization occurred during the magmatic evolution. Although granitic magma has high viscosity because of its elevated SiO2 content, we agree that fractional crystallization is effectively processed during its evolution based on the evidence from field investigation,mineral species and its chemical variations, and geochemical compositions. These data indicate that crystal settling by gravitation is not the only mechanism dominating granitic differentiation. On the contrary, flow segregation or dynamic sorting may be more important. Accordingly, granite can be divided into unfractionated, fractionated(including weakly fractionated and highly fractionated) and cumulated types, according to the differentiation degree. Highly fractionated granitic magmas are generally high in primary temperature or high with various volatiles during the later stage, which make the fractional crystallization much easier than the common granitic melts. In addition, effective magmatic differentiation can be also expected when the magma emplaced along a large scale of extensional structure. Highly fractionated granitic magma is easily contaminated by country rocks due to its relatively prolonged crystallization time. Thus, granites do not always reflect the characteristics of the source areas and the physical and chemical conditions of the primary magma. We proposed that highly fractionated granites are an important sig展开更多
The Cretaceous granitoids in the middle and northern Gangdese, Tibet are generally interpreted as the products of anatexis of thickened deep crust genetically associated with the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision. This paper ...The Cretaceous granitoids in the middle and northern Gangdese, Tibet are generally interpreted as the products of anatexis of thickened deep crust genetically associated with the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision. This paper reports bulk-rock major element, trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic data, zircon U-Pb age data, and zircon Hf isotopic data on the Zayu pluton in eastern Gangdese, Tibet. These data shed new light on the petrogenesis of the pluton. Our SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age dates, along with LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb age dates recently reported in the literature, indicate that the Zayu pluton was emplaced at about 130 Ma, coeval with Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks in other areas of eastern Gangdese (e.g., Rawu, Baxoi areas) and the Middle Gangdese. The Zayu pluton samples lack amphibole and muscovite, and are compositionally characterized by high SiO2 (69.9%–76.8%), K2O (4.4%–5.7%), and low P2O5 (0.05%–0.12%). These samples also have A/CNK values of 1.00–1.05, and are enriched in Rb, Th, U, and Pb, and depleted in Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P, Ti, and Eu. These geochemical features suggest that the Zayu pluton samples are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous and are of highly fractionated I-type granite. The Zayu pluton samples have high ? Nd(t) values (?10.9–?7.6) and low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7120–0.7179) relative to melts derived from mature continental crust in the Gangdese (e.g., Ningzhong Early Jurassic strongly peraluminous granite). The Zayu pluton samples are heterogeneous in zircon ? Hf(t) values (?12.8–?2.9), yielding ancient zircon Hf crustal model ages of 1.4–2.0 Ga. The data obtained in this study together with the data in the recent literature suggest that the Early Cretaceous granitoids in eastern Gangdese represent the eastward extension of the Early Cretaceous magmatism in the middle Gangdese, and that the Lhasa micro-continent block with ancient basement may extend for ～2000 km from east to west. Zircon Hf isotopic data and bulk-rock zircon saturation temperature (789–821 °C) indicate t展开更多
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and is of the utmost clinical and prognostic relevance. Patients with cirrhosis, especially decompensated cirrhosis, are more prone to develop AKI ...Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and is of the utmost clinical and prognostic relevance. Patients with cirrhosis, especially decompensated cirrhosis, are more prone to develop AKI than those without cirrhosis. The hepatorenal syndrome type of AKI (HRS–AKI), a spectrum of disorders in prerenal chronic liver disease, and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are the two most common causes of AKI in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Differentiating these conditions is essential due to the differences in treatment. Prerenal AKI, a more benign disorder, responds well to plasma volume expansion, while ATN requires more specific renal support and is associated with substantial mortality. HRS–AKI is a facet of these two conditions, which are characterized by a dysregulation of the immune response. Recently, there has been progress in better defining this clinical entity, and studies have begun to address optimal care. The present review synopsizes the current diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, and treatment modalities of HRS–AKI and as well as AKI in other chronic liver diseases (non-HRS–AKI) so that early recognition of HRS–AKI and the appropriate management can be established.展开更多
The South China Block is characterized by the large-scale emplacement of felsic magmas and giant ore deposits during the Yanshanian. We present zircon Hf isotopic compositions, whole-rock major and trace element compo...The South China Block is characterized by the large-scale emplacement of felsic magmas and giant ore deposits during the Yanshanian. We present zircon Hf isotopic compositions, whole-rock major and trace element compositions of the Fengshun complex, located in eastern Guangdong Province, South China. The Fengshun complex is a multi-stage magmatic intrusion. It is composed of two main units, i.e., the Mantoushan（MTS） syeno-monzogranites, alkali feldspar granites and the Hulutian（HLT） alkali feldspar granites. LA-ICPMS zircon dating shows that the complex emplaced in 166–161 and 139±2 Ma, respectively. Geochemically, the MTS granites show relatively various geochemical compositions with low REE contents（87.76×10-6–249.71×10-6）, Rb/Sr ratios（1.19–58.93）, pronounced Eu negative anomaly（0.01–0.37） and low Nb/Ta ratios（2.40–6.82）. In contrast, the HLT granites exhibit relatively stable geochemical characteristics with high REE contents（147.35×10-6– 282.17×10-6）, Rb/Sr ratios（2.05–10.30） and relatively high Nb/Ta ratios（4.45–13.00）. The isotopic data of the MTS granites display relatively enriched values, with ISr varying from 0.708 2 to 0.709 7, εNd（t） from-7.8 to-6.9 and εHf（t） from-7.4 to-3.2, in comparison with those of the HLT which are ISr=0.703 05–0.704 77, εNd（t）=-5–-3.4 and εHf（t）=-0.7–1.8）. The two-stage model ages of the MTS granites（T2DM（Nd）=1.51–1.59 Ga and T2DM（Hf）=1.26–1.48 Ga） are also higher than those of the HLT granites（T2DM（Nd）=1.21–1.34 Ga and T2DM（Hf）=0.96–1.10 Ga）. Thus the MTS and HLT granites might originate from different sources. The former is more likely derived from partial melting of Meso-Proterozoic basement triggered by upwelling of asthenosphere and/or underplate of the basaltic magma and then extensive fractional crystallisation, similar to the genesis of Early Yanshanian granitoids of the EW-trending tectono-magmatism belt in the Nanling range. In comparison, the latter 展开更多
Mesozoic multi-stage tectono-magmatic events produced widely distributed granitoids in the South China Block. Huangshadong(HSD) is located in south-eastern South China Block, where closely spaced hot springs accompany...Mesozoic multi-stage tectono-magmatic events produced widely distributed granitoids in the South China Block. Huangshadong(HSD) is located in south-eastern South China Block, where closely spaced hot springs accompany outcrops of Mesozoic granites. New data on whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology, and zircon Lu-Hf isotopes are presented, to study the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the granites, and to explore the relationship between granites and geothermal anomalies. Zircon U-Pb isotopes display three periods of granites in the HSD area: Indosinian(ca. 253 Ma, G4) muscovite-bearing monzonitic granite, early Yanshanian(ca. 175–155 Ma, G5 and G3) monzonitic granite and granodiorite, and late Yanshanian(ca. 140 Ma, G1 and G2) biotite monzonitic granite. In petrogenetic type, granites of the three periods are I-type granite. Among them, G1, G2, G3, and G4 are characterized by high fractionation, with high values of SiO2, alkalis, Ga/Al, and Rb/Sr, and depletion in Sr, Ba, Zr, Nb, Ti, REEs, with low(La/Yb)N, Nb/Ta, and Zr/Hf ratios and negative Eu anomalies. In terms of tectonic setting, 253 Ma G4 may be the product of partial melting of the ancient lower crust under post-orogenic extensional tectonics, as the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean resulted in an intracontinental orogeny. At 175 Ma, the subduction of the Pacific Plate became the dominant tectonic system, and low-angle subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate facilitated partial melting of the subducted oceanic crust and basement to generate the hornblende-bearing I-type granodiorite. As the dip angle of the subducting plate increased, the continental arc tectonic setting was transformed to back-arc extension, inducing intense partial melting of the lower crust at ca. 158 Ma and resulting in the most frequent granitic magmatic activity in the South China hinterland. When slab foundering occurred at ca. 140 Ma, underplating of mantle-derived magmas caused melting of the continental crust, generating extensive highly fractionated granite展开更多
To comprehensively assess fi＇actionated spacecraft, an assessment tool is developed based on lifecycle simulation under uncertainty driven by modular evolutionary stochastic models. First, fractionated spacecraft nom...To comprehensively assess fi＇actionated spacecraft, an assessment tool is developed based on lifecycle simulation under uncertainty driven by modular evolutionary stochastic models. First, fractionated spacecraft nomenclature and architecture are clarified, and assessment criteria are analyzed. The mean and standard deviation of risk adjusted lifecycle cost and net present value （NPV） are defined as assessment metrics. Second, fractionated spacecraft sizing models are briefly described, followed by detailed discussion on risk adjusted lifecycle cost and NPV models. Third, uncertainty sources over fractionated spacecraft life- cycle are analyzed and modeled with probability theory. Then the chronological lifecycle simulation process is expounded, and simulation modules are developed with object oriented methodology to build up the assessment tool. The preceding uncertainty models are integrated in these simulation modules, hence the random object status can be simulated and evolve with lifecycle timeline. A case study to investigate the fractionated spacecraft for a hypothetical earth observation mission is carried out with the proposed assessment tool, and the results show that fractionation degree and launch manifest have great influence on cost and NPV, and generally fractionated spacecraft is more advanced than its monolithic counterpart under uncertainty effect. Finally, some conclusions are given and future research topics are highlighted.展开更多
Background Radiotherapy plays a critical role in the management of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. This study was conducted to identify gene expression profiles of acquired radioresistant NSCLC cell line establi...Background Radiotherapy plays a critical role in the management of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. This study was conducted to identify gene expression profiles of acquired radioresistant NSCLC cell line established by fractionated ionizing radiation （FIR） by cDNA microarray. Methods The human lung adenocarcinoma cell line Anip973 was treated with high energy X-ray to receive 60 Gy in 4 Gy fractions. The radiosensitivity of Anip973R and its parental line were measured by clonogenic assay. Gene expression profiles of Anip973R and its parental line were analyzed using cDNA microarray consisting of 21 522 human genes. Identified partly different expressive genes were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （Q-RT-PCR）. Results Fifty-nine upregulated and 43 downregulated genes were identified to radio-resistant Anip973R. Up-regulated genes were associated with DNA damage repair （DDB2）, extracellular matrix （LOX）, cell adhesion （CDH2）, and apoptosis （CRYAB）. Down-regulated genes were associated with angiogenesis （GBP-1）, immune response （CD83）, and calcium signaling pathway （TNNC1）. Subsequent validation of selected eleven genes （CD24, DDB2, IGFBP3, LOX, CDH2, CRYAB, PROCR, ANXA1 DCN, GBP-1 and CD83） by Q-RT-PCR was consistent with microarray analysis. Conclusions Fractionated ionizing radiation can lead to the development of radiation resistance. Altered gene profiles of radioresistant cell line may provide new insights into mechanisms underlying clinical radioresistance for NSCLC.展开更多
With aim of providing constraints on the Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB),an integrated study was conducted on the geochronological and geochemical data for dioritic,...With aim of providing constraints on the Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB),an integrated study was conducted on the geochronological and geochemical data for dioritic,granitic and diabase dykes from the Aqishan-Yamansu belt in the eastern Tianshan,NW China.Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the dioritic and granitic dykes were both emplaced in the Late Carboniferous(~311 Ma and^315 Ma).The dioritic dykes show adakitic characteristics and have high Na2 O and positiveεHf(t)values(+12 to+17),which suggest an origin from partial melts of a subducted oceanic slab.The granitic dykes have high SiO2 and K2 O contents and are characterized by en riched light rare earth elements(LREE)and slightly flat heavy rare earth elements(HREE),with negative Eu and Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies.These dykes are alkali-calcic and show geochemical features of highly fractionated Itype granites.Their positiveεHf(t)values(+16 to+17)suggest that they were derived from a juvenile accreted oceanic crustal sou rce.The coeval diabase dykes have low SiO2 and K2 O contents but high TiO2,MgO and Mg#(54-59).They are enriched in LREE and show characteristics of enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts(E-MORB).The relatively high Ba/Th,slightly low Th/Ta ratios,and negative Nb-Ta anomalies imply a mantle source metasomatised by slab-derived fluids.Thus,these basic dykes were generated likely by partial melting of the upwelling asthenosphere mantle with a slight influence of slab-derived fluids.Therefore,we suggest that the formation of these Late Carboniferous dykes were triggered by a post-collisional slab breakoff and the Aqishan-Yamansu belt was a continental arc formed by southdipping subduction of the Kangguer oceanic plate.展开更多
Background Clinical observations have shown that the complex fractionated atrial electrogram （CFAE） associates with ganglionated plexus activity in the cardiac autonomic nervous system. This study aimed to investiga...Background Clinical observations have shown that the complex fractionated atrial electrogram （CFAE） associates with ganglionated plexus activity in the cardiac autonomic nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the impact of CFAE ablation on vagal modulation to atria and vulnerability to develop atrial fibrillation （AF）. Methods Ten adult mongrel dogs were involved. Cervical sympathovagal trunks were decentralized and sympathetic effects were blocked. CFAE was color tagged on the atrial 3-dimensional image and ablated during AF induced by S1S2 programmed stimulation plus sympathovagal trunk stimulation. Atrial effective refractory period （ERP） and vulnerability window （VW） of AF were measured on baseline and at vagal stimulation at 4 atrium sites. Serial tissue sections from ablative and control specimens received hematoxylin and eosin staining for microscopic examination. Results Most CFAE areas were localized at the right superior pulmonary quadrant, distal coronary sinus （CS~） quadrant, and proximal coronary sinus （CSp） quadrant （21.74%, separately）. Sinus rhythm cycle length （SCL） shortening did not decrease significantly after ablation at the sites, including right atrial appendage, left atrial appendage, CSd, and CSp （P 〉0.05）. ERP shortening during vagal stimulation significantly decreased after ablation （P 〈0.01）; the VW to vagal stimulation significantly decreased after ablation （P 〈0.05）. The architecture of individual ganglia altered after ablation. Conclusions CFAE has an autonomic basis in dogs. The decreased SCL and ERP shortening to vagal stimulation after CFAE ablation demonstrate that CFAE ablation attenuates vagal modulation to the atria, thereby suppressing AF mediated by enhanced vagal activity. CFAE ablation could suppress AF mediated by enhanced vagal activity.展开更多
Background Resent advances on functional mapping have enabled us to conduct surgery on gliomas within the eloquent area. The objective of the article is to discuss the feasibility of a planned fractionated strategy of...Background Resent advances on functional mapping have enabled us to conduct surgery on gliomas within the eloquent area. The objective of the article is to discuss the feasibility of a planned fractionated strategy of resection on low-grade gliomas （LGGs） involving Broca＇s area. We report the first surgical series of planned fractionated resections on LGGs within Broca＇s area, focusing on language functional reshaping. Methods Four patients were treated with fractionated operations for LGGs involving Broca＇s area. All cases underwent conventional magnetic resonance （MR） scanning, language functional MR and diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） before operation. The resections were then performed on patients under awake anesthesia using intraoperative electrical stimulation （IES） for functional mapping. Pre- and post-operative neuro-psychological examinations were evaluated.Results Total resections were achieved in all cases as confirmed by the postoperative control MR. After transient language worsening, all patients recovered to normal 3-6 months later. Language functional MR scannings have shown language functional cortical and subcortical pathway reorganization （in the perilesion or contra-lateral hemisphere） after the operation. All patients returned to a normal socioprofessional life. Conclusions By utilizing the dynamic interaction between brain plasticity and fractionated resections, we can totally remove the tumor involving Broca＇s structure without inducing permanent postoperative deficits and even improve the quality of life.展开更多
Granitic continental crust distinguishes the Earth from other planets in the Solar System. Consequently, for understanding terrestrial continent development, it is of great significance to investigate the formation an...Granitic continental crust distinguishes the Earth from other planets in the Solar System. Consequently, for understanding terrestrial continent development, it is of great significance to investigate the formation and evolution of granite.Crystal fractionation is one of principal magma evolution mechanisms. Nevertheless, it is controversial whether crystal fractionation can effectively proceed in felsic magma systems because of the high viscosity and non-Newtonian behavior associated with granitic magmas. In this paper, we focus on the physical processes and evaluate the role of crystal fractionation in the evolution of granitic magmas during non-transport processes, i.e., in magma chambers and after emplacement. Based on physical calculations and analyses, we suggest that general mineral particles can settle only at tiny speed(~10^(-9)–10^(-7) m s^(-1))in a granitic magma body due to high viscosity of the magma; however, the cumulating can be interrupted with convection in magma chambers, and the components of magma chambers will tend to be homogeneous. Magma convection ceases once the magma chamber develops into a mush(crystallinity, F>~40–50%). The interstitial melts can be extracted by hindered settling and compaction, accumulating gradually and forming a highly silicic melt layer. The high silica melts can further evolve into high-silica granite or high-silica rhyolite. At various crystallinities, multiple rejuvenation of the mush and the following magma intrusion may generate a granite complex with various components. While one special type of granites, represented by the South China lithium-and fluoride-rich granite, has lower viscosity and solidus relative to general granitic magmas, and may form vertical zonation in mineral-assemblage and composition through crystal fractionation. Similar fabrics in general intrusions that show various components on small lengthscales are not the result of gravitational settling. Rather, the flowage differentiation may play a key role. In general, granitic magma can展开更多
BACKGROUND Paragangliomas(PG)are rare neoplasms of neuroendocrine origin that tend to be highly vascularized,slow-growing,and usually sporadic.To date,common treatment options are surgical resection(SR),with or withou...BACKGROUND Paragangliomas(PG)are rare neoplasms of neuroendocrine origin that tend to be highly vascularized,slow-growing,and usually sporadic.To date,common treatment options are surgical resection(SR),with or without radiation therapy(RT),and a watch-and-wait approach.AIM To evaluate the local control and effectiveness of exclusive fractionated stereotactic RT(FSRT)treatment in unresectable PG(uPG).METHODS We retrospectively evaluated patients with uPG(medically inoperable or refused SR)treated with FSRT with a Cyberknife System(Accuray Incorporated,Sunnyvale,California).Toxicity and initial efficacy were evaluated.RESULTS From May 2009 to January 2023,6 patients with a median age of 68(range 20-84)were treated with FSRT.The median delivered dose was 21 Gy(range 20-30 Gy)at a median isodose line of 75.5%(range 70%-76%)in 4 fractions(range 3-5 fractions).The median volume was 13.6 mL(range 12.4-65.24 mL).The median cumulative biological effective dose and equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions were 70 Gy and 37.10 Gy respectively.Site of origin involved were the timpa-nojugular glomus(4/6),temporal bone,and cervical spine.In 1 of the 6 patients,the follow-up was insufficient;5 of 6 patients showed a 5-year overall survival and 5-year progression-free survival of 100%.We observed negligible toxicities during and after RT.The majority of patients showed stable symptoms during follow-up.Only 1 patient developed spine metastases.CONCLUSION Our preliminary results on this small cohort of patients suggest that FSRT could be an effective and safe alternative to SR.展开更多
Background Ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms （CFAE） is an important adjunctive therapy in atrial fibrillation （AF）. The present study was to elucidate the substrate underlying CFAE. Methods Nine...Background Ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms （CFAE） is an important adjunctive therapy in atrial fibrillation （AF）. The present study was to elucidate the substrate underlying CFAE. Methods Nine adult mongrel dogs were involved in the present study. AF was induced through rapid atrial pacing with vagosympathetic nerve stimulation, CFAE was recorded during AF. Ablation was performed at CFAE sites. Based on the location of the ablation scar, the atrial specimens were divided into CFAE and non-CFAE sites. Serial sections of the atrium were stained respectively with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and the general neural marker protein gene product 9.5 （PGP9.5）. We compared the characteristics of the myocardium and the ganglionated plexus （GPs） distribution between the CFAE and non-CFAE sites. Results The myocardium of non-CFAE sites was well-organized with little intercellular substance. However, the myocardium in the CFAE site was disorganized with more interstitial tissue （（61.7±24,3）% vs, （34.1±9,2）%, P 〈0,01 ）, G Ps in the CFAE site were more abundant than in non-CFAE sites （（34.45±37.46） bundles/cm2 vs, （6.73± 8.22） bundles/cm2, P〈0.01）. Conclusion The heterogeneity Of the myocardium and GPs distribution may account for the substrate of CFAE and serve as a potential target of ablation.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effect of accelerated hyperfractionated irradiation (AHFJ) and conventional fractionated irradiation (CFI) for local advanced non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The patients of AI-I...Objective To evaluate the effect of accelerated hyperfractionated irradiation (AHFJ) and conventional fractionated irradiation (CFI) for local advanced non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The patients of AI-IFJ group were irradiated to large-field target volume by a daily fraction of 2Gy, and small-field target volume by a daily fraction of 1Gy with more than 6h interval. The total dose of large-field target volume was SOGy/25Fx/SW and of small-field target volume was 7SGy/SOFx/5W. The patients in CFI group were irradiated by a daily fraction of 2Gy to the total dose of 66Gy/33Fx/6. 6W. After 3 months of radiotherapy, the tumor response rates of complete recovery (CR), partial recovery (PR), and no change (NC) and 1- and 2- year survival rate in the two groups were observed. Results The tumor response rates of CR,PR,NC in AHFI group and CFI group were 22.9%(8/35), 60.0%(21/35), 17.1%(6/35) and 11.4% (4/35), 51.4% (18/35), 37.2% (13/35) respectively (P>0. 05). All patients were followed up 2 years or more. The 1- and 2- year survival rates in AHFI group and CFI group were 62.9% (22/35), 31 .4% (11/35) and 42.9% (15/35) , 17.1% (6/35) respectively (P< 0.05). The incidences of esophagitis and pneumonitis in AHFI group and CFI group were 34.3% (12/35), 22. 9% (8/35) and 40.0% (14/35), 17.1% (6/35)(P>0. 05). Conclusion In comparison with CFI, AHFI may increase 1- and 2- year sur-vival rate after treatment of local advanced non-small cell lung cancer, while the radio-reactions, either early or late, did not increase significantly.展开更多
The Kejie pluton is located in the north of the Changning-Menglian suture zone. The rock types are mainly biotite-granite. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating indicates that the Kejie pluton emplaced at about 80-77 Ma, Late ...The Kejie pluton is located in the north of the Changning-Menglian suture zone. The rock types are mainly biotite-granite. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating indicates that the Kejie pluton emplaced at about 80-77 Ma, Late Cretaceous. The Kejie pluton samples are characterized by high SiO2 （71.68%-72.47%）, K2O （4.73%-5.54%）, total alkali （K2O ＋ Na2O = 8.21%-8.53%）, K2O/Na2O ratios （1.36-1.94） and low P2O5 （0.13%-0.17%）, with A/CNK of 1.025-1.055; enriched in U, Th, and K, depleted in Ba, Nb, St, Ti, P and Eu. They are highly fractionated, slightly peraluminous 1-type granite. The two samples of the Kejie pluton give a large variation of εHf（t） values （-5.04 to 1.96） and Hf isotope crustal model ages of 1.16-1.5 Ga. Zircon Hf isotopes and zircon saturation temperatures of whole-rock （801℃-823℃） show that the mantle-derived materials maybe have played a vital role in the generation of the Kejie pluton. The Kejie pluton was most likely generated in a setting associated with the eastward subduction of the neo-Tethys ocean, where intrusion of mantle wedge basaltic magmas in the crust caused the anatexis of the latter, forming hybrid melts, which subsequently experienced high-degree fractional crystallization.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of crude and fractionated extracts of Dracaena loureiri endocarp against Aedes aegypti,Aedes albopictus,Culex quinquefasciatus,and Anopheles minimus mosquitos.Methods:Larv...Objective:To evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of crude and fractionated extracts of Dracaena loureiri endocarp against Aedes aegypti,Aedes albopictus,Culex quinquefasciatus,and Anopheles minimus mosquitos.Methods:Larvicidal activity was tested according to World Health Organization standard protocol.The third-stage larvae of each mosquito species were exposed to various concentrations of Dracaena loureiri crude extract and six groups of Dracaena loureiri fractionated extracts(RC-DT 009-014).Larval mortality rates were observed after 24 h and48 h of exposure.Then,a computerized probit analysis of the mortality data was performed to determine lethal concentration 50(LC_(50))and lethal concentration 90 values.Results:Anopheles minimus larvae(24-h LC_(50)77.88 mg/L)had the highest susceptibility to crude extract,whereas others(Aedes aegypti,24-h LC_(50)224.73 mg/L;Aedes albopictus,24-h LC_(50)261.75 mg/L;and Culex quinquefasciatus,24-h LC_(50)282.86 mg/L)were significantly less susceptible.The most effective groups of fractionated extracts were RC-DT 012 and RC-DT 013.The mosquito species most susceptible to fractionated extracts was Culex quinquefasciatus,with 24-h LC_(50)values of 0.66 and 0.94 mg/L for RC-DT 012 and RC-DT 013,respectively.Conclusions:The larvicidal activity of fractionated extracts is more effective than that of crude extract against all tested mosquito species.For the most effective alternative larvicide,purification and a phytochemical constituent analysis must be performed.展开更多
In this study, we present zircon U-Pb ages, whole-rock geochemical data and Hf isotopic compositions for the Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons in Xing’an Massif, Great Xing’an Range, which can provide important informati...In this study, we present zircon U-Pb ages, whole-rock geochemical data and Hf isotopic compositions for the Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons in Xing’an Massif, Great Xing’an Range, which can provide important information in deciphering both Mesozoic magmatism and tectonic evolution of NE China. The zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that alkali feldspar granite from Meiguifeng pluton was emplaced at ~145 to 137 Ma, and granite porphyry of Arxan pluton was formed at ~129 Ma. The Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons have similar geochemical features, which are characterized by high silica, total alkalis, differentiation index, with low P2O5, CaO, MgO, TFe2O3 contents. They belong to high-K calc-alkaline series, and show weakly peraluminous characteristics. The Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons are both enriched in LREEs and LILEs(e.g., Rb, Th, U and K), and depleted in HREEs and HFSEs(e.g., Nb, Ta and Ti). Combined with the petrological and geochemical features, the Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons show highly fractionated I-type granite affinity. Moreover, the Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons may share a common or similar magma source, and they were probably generated by partial melting of Neoproterozoic high-K basaltic crust. Meanwhile, plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite, apatite, monazite, allanite and Ti-bearing phases fractionated from the magma during formation of Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons. Combined with spatial distribution and temporal evolution, we assume that the generation of Early Cretaceous Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons in Great Xing’an Range was closely related to the break-off of Mudanjiang oceanic plate. Furthermore, the Mudanjiang Ocean was probably a branch of Paleo-Pacific Ocean.展开更多
Carboniferous magmatism is one of the most important tectonothermal events in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). However, the final closure time of the Kalamaili Ocean between East Junggar and Harlik Mountain is s...Carboniferous magmatism is one of the most important tectonothermal events in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). However, the final closure time of the Kalamaili Ocean between East Junggar and Harlik Mountain is still debated. Early Carboniferous(332 Ma) and late Carboniferous(307-298 Ma) granitic magmatism from Kalamaili fault zone have been recognized by LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating. They are both metaluminous highly fractionated I-type and belong to the high-K calc-alkaline. The granitoids for early Carboniferous have zircon εHf(t) values of-5.1 to +8.5 with Hf model ages(TDM2) of 1.78-0.83 Ga, suggesting a mixed magma source of juvenile material with old continental crust. Furthermore, those for late Carboniferous have much younger heterogeneous zircon εHf(t) values(+5.1 to +13.6) with Hf model ages(TDM2=1.03-0.45 Ga) that are also indicative of juvenile components with a small involvement of old continental crust. Based on whole-rock geochemical and zircon isotopic features, these high-K granitoids were derived from melting of heterogeneous crustal sources or through mixing of old continental crust with juvenile components and minor AFC(assimilation and fractional crystallization). The juvenile components probably originated from underplated basaltic magmas in response to asthenospheric upwelling. These Carboniferous highly fractionated granites in the Kalamaili fault zone were probably emplaced in a post-collisional extensional setting and suggested vertical continental crustal growth in the southern CAOB, which is the same or like most granitoids in CAOB. This study provides new evidence for determining the post-accretionary evolution of the southern CAOB. In combination with data from other granitoids in these two terranes, the Early Carboniferous Heiguniangshan pluton represents the initial record of post-collisional environment, suggesting that the final collision between the East Junggar and Harlik Mountain might have occurred before 332 Ma.展开更多
Objective To investigate the mechanism of low-dose fractionated radiation on reversing cisplatin resistance in ovarian carcinoma via vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) in ...Objective To investigate the mechanism of low-dose fractionated radiation on reversing cisplatin resistance in ovarian carcinoma via vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) in vivo.Methods Human cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells(SKOV3/DDP) were injected into nude mice to establish ovarian cancer xenografts. The mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a low-dose fractionated radiation(LDRFT) group, and a conventional-dose radiation group. Each group was exposed to 0 cGy, 50 cGy, and 200 cGy radiation, respectively, for 4 weeks, up to a total of 8.0 Gy. Mice in the LDFRT group were irradiated twice daily with 6 hour intermissions on day 1 and 2 of every week for a total of 4 weeks. Conventional-dose group mice were given a single 200 cGy radiation dose on the first day each week for a total of 4 weeks. Maximum horizontal and vertical diameters of the tumors were measured every other day and used to create a tumor growth curve. After 4 weeks of irradiation, we dissected the tumor tissue and calculated the tumor inhibition rate. RT-PCR detected the expression of VEGF and m TOR, and Western blots detected the expression of corresponding proteins.Results Both LDRFT and conventional-dose radiation inhibited the growth of tumor cells, and growth of tumors in the two radiation groups compared with growth in the control group were significantly different(P < 0.05). The rate of tumor inhibition in the LDFRT group(37.5603%) was lower than in the conventionaldose group(47.4446%), but there was no significant difference(P 0.05). Compared with the other two groups, the m RNA expression of VEGF was significantly lower in the LDFRT group(P < 0.05), but there was no obvious difference between the conventional-dose and control groups. There was no obvious difference in the m RNA expression of m TOR among the three groups, but the expression of the protein p-m TOR was lower in the LDFRT group(P < 0.05), as confirmed by Western blotting.Conclusion LDFRT is as e展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41130313)by the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB03010200)
文摘Granite is one of the most important components of the continental crust on our Earth; it thus has been an enduring studied subject in geology. According to present knowledge, granite shows a great deal of heterogeneity in terms of its texture,structure, mineral species and geochemical compositions at different scales from small dike to large batholith. However, the reasons for these variations are not well understood although numerous interpretations have been proposed. The key point of this debate is whether granitic magma can be effectively differentiated through fractional crystallization, and, if so, what kind of crystallization occurred during the magmatic evolution. Although granitic magma has high viscosity because of its elevated SiO2 content, we agree that fractional crystallization is effectively processed during its evolution based on the evidence from field investigation,mineral species and its chemical variations, and geochemical compositions. These data indicate that crystal settling by gravitation is not the only mechanism dominating granitic differentiation. On the contrary, flow segregation or dynamic sorting may be more important. Accordingly, granite can be divided into unfractionated, fractionated(including weakly fractionated and highly fractionated) and cumulated types, according to the differentiation degree. Highly fractionated granitic magmas are generally high in primary temperature or high with various volatiles during the later stage, which make the fractional crystallization much easier than the common granitic melts. In addition, effective magmatic differentiation can be also expected when the magma emplaced along a large scale of extensional structure. Highly fractionated granitic magma is easily contaminated by country rocks due to its relatively prolonged crystallization time. Thus, granites do not always reflect the characteristics of the source areas and the physical and chemical conditions of the primary magma. We proposed that highly fractionated granites are an important sig
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40572051, 40830317, 40873023, 40672044)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB421002), Chinese "111" Project (Grant No. B07011)Programme of the Integrated Study of Basic Geology of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of the China Geological Survey
文摘The Cretaceous granitoids in the middle and northern Gangdese, Tibet are generally interpreted as the products of anatexis of thickened deep crust genetically associated with the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision. This paper reports bulk-rock major element, trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic data, zircon U-Pb age data, and zircon Hf isotopic data on the Zayu pluton in eastern Gangdese, Tibet. These data shed new light on the petrogenesis of the pluton. Our SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age dates, along with LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb age dates recently reported in the literature, indicate that the Zayu pluton was emplaced at about 130 Ma, coeval with Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks in other areas of eastern Gangdese (e.g., Rawu, Baxoi areas) and the Middle Gangdese. The Zayu pluton samples lack amphibole and muscovite, and are compositionally characterized by high SiO2 (69.9%–76.8%), K2O (4.4%–5.7%), and low P2O5 (0.05%–0.12%). These samples also have A/CNK values of 1.00–1.05, and are enriched in Rb, Th, U, and Pb, and depleted in Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P, Ti, and Eu. These geochemical features suggest that the Zayu pluton samples are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous and are of highly fractionated I-type granite. The Zayu pluton samples have high ? Nd(t) values (?10.9–?7.6) and low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7120–0.7179) relative to melts derived from mature continental crust in the Gangdese (e.g., Ningzhong Early Jurassic strongly peraluminous granite). The Zayu pluton samples are heterogeneous in zircon ? Hf(t) values (?12.8–?2.9), yielding ancient zircon Hf crustal model ages of 1.4–2.0 Ga. The data obtained in this study together with the data in the recent literature suggest that the Early Cretaceous granitoids in eastern Gangdese represent the eastward extension of the Early Cretaceous magmatism in the middle Gangdese, and that the Lhasa micro-continent block with ancient basement may extend for ～2000 km from east to west. Zircon Hf isotopic data and bulk-rock zircon saturation temperature (789–821 °C) indicate t
文摘Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and is of the utmost clinical and prognostic relevance. Patients with cirrhosis, especially decompensated cirrhosis, are more prone to develop AKI than those without cirrhosis. The hepatorenal syndrome type of AKI (HRS–AKI), a spectrum of disorders in prerenal chronic liver disease, and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are the two most common causes of AKI in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Differentiating these conditions is essential due to the differences in treatment. Prerenal AKI, a more benign disorder, responds well to plasma volume expansion, while ATN requires more specific renal support and is associated with substantial mortality. HRS–AKI is a facet of these two conditions, which are characterized by a dysregulation of the immune response. Recently, there has been progress in better defining this clinical entity, and studies have begun to address optimal care. The present review synopsizes the current diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, and treatment modalities of HRS–AKI and as well as AKI in other chronic liver diseases (non-HRS–AKI) so that early recognition of HRS–AKI and the appropriate management can be established.
基金financially supported by the China Geological Survey(No.1212011220014)the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(No.41172063)
文摘The South China Block is characterized by the large-scale emplacement of felsic magmas and giant ore deposits during the Yanshanian. We present zircon Hf isotopic compositions, whole-rock major and trace element compositions of the Fengshun complex, located in eastern Guangdong Province, South China. The Fengshun complex is a multi-stage magmatic intrusion. It is composed of two main units, i.e., the Mantoushan（MTS） syeno-monzogranites, alkali feldspar granites and the Hulutian（HLT） alkali feldspar granites. LA-ICPMS zircon dating shows that the complex emplaced in 166–161 and 139±2 Ma, respectively. Geochemically, the MTS granites show relatively various geochemical compositions with low REE contents（87.76×10-6–249.71×10-6）, Rb/Sr ratios（1.19–58.93）, pronounced Eu negative anomaly（0.01–0.37） and low Nb/Ta ratios（2.40–6.82）. In contrast, the HLT granites exhibit relatively stable geochemical characteristics with high REE contents（147.35×10-6– 282.17×10-6）, Rb/Sr ratios（2.05–10.30） and relatively high Nb/Ta ratios（4.45–13.00）. The isotopic data of the MTS granites display relatively enriched values, with ISr varying from 0.708 2 to 0.709 7, εNd（t） from-7.8 to-6.9 and εHf（t） from-7.4 to-3.2, in comparison with those of the HLT which are ISr=0.703 05–0.704 77, εNd（t）=-5–-3.4 and εHf（t）=-0.7–1.8）. The two-stage model ages of the MTS granites（T2DM（Nd）=1.51–1.59 Ga and T2DM（Hf）=1.26–1.48 Ga） are also higher than those of the HLT granites（T2DM（Nd）=1.21–1.34 Ga and T2DM（Hf）=0.96–1.10 Ga）. Thus the MTS and HLT granites might originate from different sources. The former is more likely derived from partial melting of Meso-Proterozoic basement triggered by upwelling of asthenosphere and/or underplate of the basaltic magma and then extensive fractional crystallisation, similar to the genesis of Early Yanshanian granitoids of the EW-trending tectono-magmatism belt in the Nanling range. In comparison, the latter
基金financially supported by the China Geological Survey(No.1212011220014)
文摘Mesozoic multi-stage tectono-magmatic events produced widely distributed granitoids in the South China Block. Huangshadong(HSD) is located in south-eastern South China Block, where closely spaced hot springs accompany outcrops of Mesozoic granites. New data on whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology, and zircon Lu-Hf isotopes are presented, to study the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the granites, and to explore the relationship between granites and geothermal anomalies. Zircon U-Pb isotopes display three periods of granites in the HSD area: Indosinian(ca. 253 Ma, G4) muscovite-bearing monzonitic granite, early Yanshanian(ca. 175–155 Ma, G5 and G3) monzonitic granite and granodiorite, and late Yanshanian(ca. 140 Ma, G1 and G2) biotite monzonitic granite. In petrogenetic type, granites of the three periods are I-type granite. Among them, G1, G2, G3, and G4 are characterized by high fractionation, with high values of SiO2, alkalis, Ga/Al, and Rb/Sr, and depletion in Sr, Ba, Zr, Nb, Ti, REEs, with low(La/Yb)N, Nb/Ta, and Zr/Hf ratios and negative Eu anomalies. In terms of tectonic setting, 253 Ma G4 may be the product of partial melting of the ancient lower crust under post-orogenic extensional tectonics, as the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean resulted in an intracontinental orogeny. At 175 Ma, the subduction of the Pacific Plate became the dominant tectonic system, and low-angle subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate facilitated partial melting of the subducted oceanic crust and basement to generate the hornblende-bearing I-type granodiorite. As the dip angle of the subducting plate increased, the continental arc tectonic setting was transformed to back-arc extension, inducing intense partial melting of the lower crust at ca. 158 Ma and resulting in the most frequent granitic magmatic activity in the South China hinterland. When slab foundering occurred at ca. 140 Ma, underplating of mantle-derived magmas caused melting of the continental crust, generating extensive highly fractionated granite
基金Foundation items： National Natural Science Foundation of China （50975280, 61004094） Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET-08-0149）+1 种基金 Fund of Innovation by Graduate School of National University of Defense Technology （B090102） Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate, China.
文摘To comprehensively assess fi＇actionated spacecraft, an assessment tool is developed based on lifecycle simulation under uncertainty driven by modular evolutionary stochastic models. First, fractionated spacecraft nomenclature and architecture are clarified, and assessment criteria are analyzed. The mean and standard deviation of risk adjusted lifecycle cost and net present value （NPV） are defined as assessment metrics. Second, fractionated spacecraft sizing models are briefly described, followed by detailed discussion on risk adjusted lifecycle cost and NPV models. Third, uncertainty sources over fractionated spacecraft life- cycle are analyzed and modeled with probability theory. Then the chronological lifecycle simulation process is expounded, and simulation modules are developed with object oriented methodology to build up the assessment tool. The preceding uncertainty models are integrated in these simulation modules, hence the random object status can be simulated and evolve with lifecycle timeline. A case study to investigate the fractionated spacecraft for a hypothetical earth observation mission is carried out with the proposed assessment tool, and the results show that fractionation degree and launch manifest have great influence on cost and NPV, and generally fractionated spacecraft is more advanced than its monolithic counterpart under uncertainty effect. Finally, some conclusions are given and future research topics are highlighted.
文摘Background Radiotherapy plays a critical role in the management of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. This study was conducted to identify gene expression profiles of acquired radioresistant NSCLC cell line established by fractionated ionizing radiation （FIR） by cDNA microarray. Methods The human lung adenocarcinoma cell line Anip973 was treated with high energy X-ray to receive 60 Gy in 4 Gy fractions. The radiosensitivity of Anip973R and its parental line were measured by clonogenic assay. Gene expression profiles of Anip973R and its parental line were analyzed using cDNA microarray consisting of 21 522 human genes. Identified partly different expressive genes were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （Q-RT-PCR）. Results Fifty-nine upregulated and 43 downregulated genes were identified to radio-resistant Anip973R. Up-regulated genes were associated with DNA damage repair （DDB2）, extracellular matrix （LOX）, cell adhesion （CDH2）, and apoptosis （CRYAB）. Down-regulated genes were associated with angiogenesis （GBP-1）, immune response （CD83）, and calcium signaling pathway （TNNC1）. Subsequent validation of selected eleven genes （CD24, DDB2, IGFBP3, LOX, CDH2, CRYAB, PROCR, ANXA1 DCN, GBP-1 and CD83） by Q-RT-PCR was consistent with microarray analysis. Conclusions Fractionated ionizing radiation can lead to the development of radiation resistance. Altered gene profiles of radioresistant cell line may provide new insights into mechanisms underlying clinical radioresistance for NSCLC.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41421002and 41603028)MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics
文摘With aim of providing constraints on the Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB),an integrated study was conducted on the geochronological and geochemical data for dioritic,granitic and diabase dykes from the Aqishan-Yamansu belt in the eastern Tianshan,NW China.Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the dioritic and granitic dykes were both emplaced in the Late Carboniferous(~311 Ma and^315 Ma).The dioritic dykes show adakitic characteristics and have high Na2 O and positiveεHf(t)values(+12 to+17),which suggest an origin from partial melts of a subducted oceanic slab.The granitic dykes have high SiO2 and K2 O contents and are characterized by en riched light rare earth elements(LREE)and slightly flat heavy rare earth elements(HREE),with negative Eu and Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies.These dykes are alkali-calcic and show geochemical features of highly fractionated Itype granites.Their positiveεHf(t)values(+16 to+17)suggest that they were derived from a juvenile accreted oceanic crustal sou rce.The coeval diabase dykes have low SiO2 and K2 O contents but high TiO2,MgO and Mg#(54-59).They are enriched in LREE and show characteristics of enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts(E-MORB).The relatively high Ba/Th,slightly low Th/Ta ratios,and negative Nb-Ta anomalies imply a mantle source metasomatised by slab-derived fluids.Thus,these basic dykes were generated likely by partial melting of the upwelling asthenosphere mantle with a slight influence of slab-derived fluids.Therefore,we suggest that the formation of these Late Carboniferous dykes were triggered by a post-collisional slab breakoff and the Aqishan-Yamansu belt was a continental arc formed by southdipping subduction of the Kangguer oceanic plate.
基金This study was supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30770866, 30971272）.
文摘Background Clinical observations have shown that the complex fractionated atrial electrogram （CFAE） associates with ganglionated plexus activity in the cardiac autonomic nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the impact of CFAE ablation on vagal modulation to atria and vulnerability to develop atrial fibrillation （AF）. Methods Ten adult mongrel dogs were involved. Cervical sympathovagal trunks were decentralized and sympathetic effects were blocked. CFAE was color tagged on the atrial 3-dimensional image and ablated during AF induced by S1S2 programmed stimulation plus sympathovagal trunk stimulation. Atrial effective refractory period （ERP） and vulnerability window （VW） of AF were measured on baseline and at vagal stimulation at 4 atrium sites. Serial tissue sections from ablative and control specimens received hematoxylin and eosin staining for microscopic examination. Results Most CFAE areas were localized at the right superior pulmonary quadrant, distal coronary sinus （CS~） quadrant, and proximal coronary sinus （CSp） quadrant （21.74%, separately）. Sinus rhythm cycle length （SCL） shortening did not decrease significantly after ablation at the sites, including right atrial appendage, left atrial appendage, CSd, and CSp （P 〉0.05）. ERP shortening during vagal stimulation significantly decreased after ablation （P 〈0.01）; the VW to vagal stimulation significantly decreased after ablation （P 〈0.05）. The architecture of individual ganglia altered after ablation. Conclusions CFAE has an autonomic basis in dogs. The decreased SCL and ERP shortening to vagal stimulation after CFAE ablation demonstrate that CFAE ablation attenuates vagal modulation to the atria, thereby suppressing AF mediated by enhanced vagal activity. CFAE ablation could suppress AF mediated by enhanced vagal activity.
文摘Background Resent advances on functional mapping have enabled us to conduct surgery on gliomas within the eloquent area. The objective of the article is to discuss the feasibility of a planned fractionated strategy of resection on low-grade gliomas （LGGs） involving Broca＇s area. We report the first surgical series of planned fractionated resections on LGGs within Broca＇s area, focusing on language functional reshaping. Methods Four patients were treated with fractionated operations for LGGs involving Broca＇s area. All cases underwent conventional magnetic resonance （MR） scanning, language functional MR and diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） before operation. The resections were then performed on patients under awake anesthesia using intraoperative electrical stimulation （IES） for functional mapping. Pre- and post-operative neuro-psychological examinations were evaluated.Results Total resections were achieved in all cases as confirmed by the postoperative control MR. After transient language worsening, all patients recovered to normal 3-6 months later. Language functional MR scannings have shown language functional cortical and subcortical pathway reorganization （in the perilesion or contra-lateral hemisphere） after the operation. All patients returned to a normal socioprofessional life. Conclusions By utilizing the dynamic interaction between brain plasticity and fractionated resections, we can totally remove the tumor involving Broca＇s structure without inducing permanent postoperative deficits and even improve the quality of life.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFC0600204 & 2016YFC0600408)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41421062 & 41372005)
文摘Granitic continental crust distinguishes the Earth from other planets in the Solar System. Consequently, for understanding terrestrial continent development, it is of great significance to investigate the formation and evolution of granite.Crystal fractionation is one of principal magma evolution mechanisms. Nevertheless, it is controversial whether crystal fractionation can effectively proceed in felsic magma systems because of the high viscosity and non-Newtonian behavior associated with granitic magmas. In this paper, we focus on the physical processes and evaluate the role of crystal fractionation in the evolution of granitic magmas during non-transport processes, i.e., in magma chambers and after emplacement. Based on physical calculations and analyses, we suggest that general mineral particles can settle only at tiny speed(~10^(-9)–10^(-7) m s^(-1))in a granitic magma body due to high viscosity of the magma; however, the cumulating can be interrupted with convection in magma chambers, and the components of magma chambers will tend to be homogeneous. Magma convection ceases once the magma chamber develops into a mush(crystallinity, F>~40–50%). The interstitial melts can be extracted by hindered settling and compaction, accumulating gradually and forming a highly silicic melt layer. The high silica melts can further evolve into high-silica granite or high-silica rhyolite. At various crystallinities, multiple rejuvenation of the mush and the following magma intrusion may generate a granite complex with various components. While one special type of granites, represented by the South China lithium-and fluoride-rich granite, has lower viscosity and solidus relative to general granitic magmas, and may form vertical zonation in mineral-assemblage and composition through crystal fractionation. Similar fabrics in general intrusions that show various components on small lengthscales are not the result of gravitational settling. Rather, the flowage differentiation may play a key role. In general, granitic magma can
文摘BACKGROUND Paragangliomas(PG)are rare neoplasms of neuroendocrine origin that tend to be highly vascularized,slow-growing,and usually sporadic.To date,common treatment options are surgical resection(SR),with or without radiation therapy(RT),and a watch-and-wait approach.AIM To evaluate the local control and effectiveness of exclusive fractionated stereotactic RT(FSRT)treatment in unresectable PG(uPG).METHODS We retrospectively evaluated patients with uPG(medically inoperable or refused SR)treated with FSRT with a Cyberknife System(Accuray Incorporated,Sunnyvale,California).Toxicity and initial efficacy were evaluated.RESULTS From May 2009 to January 2023,6 patients with a median age of 68(range 20-84)were treated with FSRT.The median delivered dose was 21 Gy(range 20-30 Gy)at a median isodose line of 75.5%(range 70%-76%)in 4 fractions(range 3-5 fractions).The median volume was 13.6 mL(range 12.4-65.24 mL).The median cumulative biological effective dose and equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions were 70 Gy and 37.10 Gy respectively.Site of origin involved were the timpa-nojugular glomus(4/6),temporal bone,and cervical spine.In 1 of the 6 patients,the follow-up was insufficient;5 of 6 patients showed a 5-year overall survival and 5-year progression-free survival of 100%.We observed negligible toxicities during and after RT.The majority of patients showed stable symptoms during follow-up.Only 1 patient developed spine metastases.CONCLUSION Our preliminary results on this small cohort of patients suggest that FSRT could be an effective and safe alternative to SR.
基金The study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） （No. 30971272）.
文摘Background Ablation of complex fractionated atrial electrograms （CFAE） is an important adjunctive therapy in atrial fibrillation （AF）. The present study was to elucidate the substrate underlying CFAE. Methods Nine adult mongrel dogs were involved in the present study. AF was induced through rapid atrial pacing with vagosympathetic nerve stimulation, CFAE was recorded during AF. Ablation was performed at CFAE sites. Based on the location of the ablation scar, the atrial specimens were divided into CFAE and non-CFAE sites. Serial sections of the atrium were stained respectively with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and the general neural marker protein gene product 9.5 （PGP9.5）. We compared the characteristics of the myocardium and the ganglionated plexus （GPs） distribution between the CFAE and non-CFAE sites. Results The myocardium of non-CFAE sites was well-organized with little intercellular substance. However, the myocardium in the CFAE site was disorganized with more interstitial tissue （（61.7±24,3）% vs, （34.1±9,2）%, P 〈0,01 ）, G Ps in the CFAE site were more abundant than in non-CFAE sites （（34.45±37.46） bundles/cm2 vs, （6.73± 8.22） bundles/cm2, P〈0.01）. Conclusion The heterogeneity Of the myocardium and GPs distribution may account for the substrate of CFAE and serve as a potential target of ablation.
文摘Objective To evaluate the effect of accelerated hyperfractionated irradiation (AHFJ) and conventional fractionated irradiation (CFI) for local advanced non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The patients of AI-IFJ group were irradiated to large-field target volume by a daily fraction of 2Gy, and small-field target volume by a daily fraction of 1Gy with more than 6h interval. The total dose of large-field target volume was SOGy/25Fx/SW and of small-field target volume was 7SGy/SOFx/5W. The patients in CFI group were irradiated by a daily fraction of 2Gy to the total dose of 66Gy/33Fx/6. 6W. After 3 months of radiotherapy, the tumor response rates of complete recovery (CR), partial recovery (PR), and no change (NC) and 1- and 2- year survival rate in the two groups were observed. Results The tumor response rates of CR,PR,NC in AHFI group and CFI group were 22.9%(8/35), 60.0%(21/35), 17.1%(6/35) and 11.4% (4/35), 51.4% (18/35), 37.2% (13/35) respectively (P>0. 05). All patients were followed up 2 years or more. The 1- and 2- year survival rates in AHFI group and CFI group were 62.9% (22/35), 31 .4% (11/35) and 42.9% (15/35) , 17.1% (6/35) respectively (P< 0.05). The incidences of esophagitis and pneumonitis in AHFI group and CFI group were 34.3% (12/35), 22. 9% (8/35) and 40.0% (14/35), 17.1% (6/35)(P>0. 05). Conclusion In comparison with CFI, AHFI may increase 1- and 2- year sur-vival rate after treatment of local advanced non-small cell lung cancer, while the radio-reactions, either early or late, did not increase significantly.
基金financially supported by the Programme of the China Geological Survey (No.1212011120608, No.1212011220907)the National Key Projects for Basic Research of China (No.2009CB421002, No.2011CB403102)+2 种基金NSF of China (No. 40672044)Program for Changjiang Scholars, Innovative Research Team in University (No.IRT1083)111 project (No.B07011)
文摘The Kejie pluton is located in the north of the Changning-Menglian suture zone. The rock types are mainly biotite-granite. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating indicates that the Kejie pluton emplaced at about 80-77 Ma, Late Cretaceous. The Kejie pluton samples are characterized by high SiO2 （71.68%-72.47%）, K2O （4.73%-5.54%）, total alkali （K2O ＋ Na2O = 8.21%-8.53%）, K2O/Na2O ratios （1.36-1.94） and low P2O5 （0.13%-0.17%）, with A/CNK of 1.025-1.055; enriched in U, Th, and K, depleted in Ba, Nb, St, Ti, P and Eu. They are highly fractionated, slightly peraluminous 1-type granite. The two samples of the Kejie pluton give a large variation of εHf（t） values （-5.04 to 1.96） and Hf isotope crustal model ages of 1.16-1.5 Ga. Zircon Hf isotopes and zircon saturation temperatures of whole-rock （801℃-823℃） show that the mantle-derived materials maybe have played a vital role in the generation of the Kejie pluton. The Kejie pluton was most likely generated in a setting associated with the eastward subduction of the neo-Tethys ocean, where intrusion of mantle wedge basaltic magmas in the crust caused the anatexis of the latter, forming hybrid melts, which subsequently experienced high-degree fractional crystallization.
基金supported by the Naresuan University Research Fund(Reference Number:R2560B057)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of crude and fractionated extracts of Dracaena loureiri endocarp against Aedes aegypti,Aedes albopictus,Culex quinquefasciatus,and Anopheles minimus mosquitos.Methods:Larvicidal activity was tested according to World Health Organization standard protocol.The third-stage larvae of each mosquito species were exposed to various concentrations of Dracaena loureiri crude extract and six groups of Dracaena loureiri fractionated extracts(RC-DT 009-014).Larval mortality rates were observed after 24 h and48 h of exposure.Then,a computerized probit analysis of the mortality data was performed to determine lethal concentration 50(LC_(50))and lethal concentration 90 values.Results:Anopheles minimus larvae(24-h LC_(50)77.88 mg/L)had the highest susceptibility to crude extract,whereas others(Aedes aegypti,24-h LC_(50)224.73 mg/L;Aedes albopictus,24-h LC_(50)261.75 mg/L;and Culex quinquefasciatus,24-h LC_(50)282.86 mg/L)were significantly less susceptible.The most effective groups of fractionated extracts were RC-DT 012 and RC-DT 013.The mosquito species most susceptible to fractionated extracts was Culex quinquefasciatus,with 24-h LC_(50)values of 0.66 and 0.94 mg/L for RC-DT 012 and RC-DT 013,respectively.Conclusions:The larvicidal activity of fractionated extracts is more effective than that of crude extract against all tested mosquito species.For the most effective alternative larvicide,purification and a phytochemical constituent analysis must be performed.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D program of China (2016YFC0600403)
文摘In this study, we present zircon U-Pb ages, whole-rock geochemical data and Hf isotopic compositions for the Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons in Xing’an Massif, Great Xing’an Range, which can provide important information in deciphering both Mesozoic magmatism and tectonic evolution of NE China. The zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that alkali feldspar granite from Meiguifeng pluton was emplaced at ~145 to 137 Ma, and granite porphyry of Arxan pluton was formed at ~129 Ma. The Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons have similar geochemical features, which are characterized by high silica, total alkalis, differentiation index, with low P2O5, CaO, MgO, TFe2O3 contents. They belong to high-K calc-alkaline series, and show weakly peraluminous characteristics. The Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons are both enriched in LREEs and LILEs(e.g., Rb, Th, U and K), and depleted in HREEs and HFSEs(e.g., Nb, Ta and Ti). Combined with the petrological and geochemical features, the Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons show highly fractionated I-type granite affinity. Moreover, the Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons may share a common or similar magma source, and they were probably generated by partial melting of Neoproterozoic high-K basaltic crust. Meanwhile, plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite, apatite, monazite, allanite and Ti-bearing phases fractionated from the magma during formation of Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons. Combined with spatial distribution and temporal evolution, we assume that the generation of Early Cretaceous Meiguifeng and Arxan plutons in Great Xing’an Range was closely related to the break-off of Mudanjiang oceanic plate. Furthermore, the Mudanjiang Ocean was probably a branch of Paleo-Pacific Ocean.
基金supported financially by the NSFC projects (U1403291, 41830216, and 41802074)projects of the China Geological Survey (Nos. DD20160024, DD20160123, and DD20160345)
文摘Carboniferous magmatism is one of the most important tectonothermal events in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). However, the final closure time of the Kalamaili Ocean between East Junggar and Harlik Mountain is still debated. Early Carboniferous(332 Ma) and late Carboniferous(307-298 Ma) granitic magmatism from Kalamaili fault zone have been recognized by LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating. They are both metaluminous highly fractionated I-type and belong to the high-K calc-alkaline. The granitoids for early Carboniferous have zircon εHf(t) values of-5.1 to +8.5 with Hf model ages(TDM2) of 1.78-0.83 Ga, suggesting a mixed magma source of juvenile material with old continental crust. Furthermore, those for late Carboniferous have much younger heterogeneous zircon εHf(t) values(+5.1 to +13.6) with Hf model ages(TDM2=1.03-0.45 Ga) that are also indicative of juvenile components with a small involvement of old continental crust. Based on whole-rock geochemical and zircon isotopic features, these high-K granitoids were derived from melting of heterogeneous crustal sources or through mixing of old continental crust with juvenile components and minor AFC(assimilation and fractional crystallization). The juvenile components probably originated from underplated basaltic magmas in response to asthenospheric upwelling. These Carboniferous highly fractionated granites in the Kalamaili fault zone were probably emplaced in a post-collisional extensional setting and suggested vertical continental crustal growth in the southern CAOB, which is the same or like most granitoids in CAOB. This study provides new evidence for determining the post-accretionary evolution of the southern CAOB. In combination with data from other granitoids in these two terranes, the Early Carboniferous Heiguniangshan pluton represents the initial record of post-collisional environment, suggesting that the final collision between the East Junggar and Harlik Mountain might have occurred before 332 Ma.
基金Supported by a grant from the Province Natural Sciences Foundation of Shandong(No.ZR2016040034)
文摘Objective To investigate the mechanism of low-dose fractionated radiation on reversing cisplatin resistance in ovarian carcinoma via vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) in vivo.Methods Human cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells(SKOV3/DDP) were injected into nude mice to establish ovarian cancer xenografts. The mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a low-dose fractionated radiation(LDRFT) group, and a conventional-dose radiation group. Each group was exposed to 0 cGy, 50 cGy, and 200 cGy radiation, respectively, for 4 weeks, up to a total of 8.0 Gy. Mice in the LDFRT group were irradiated twice daily with 6 hour intermissions on day 1 and 2 of every week for a total of 4 weeks. Conventional-dose group mice were given a single 200 cGy radiation dose on the first day each week for a total of 4 weeks. Maximum horizontal and vertical diameters of the tumors were measured every other day and used to create a tumor growth curve. After 4 weeks of irradiation, we dissected the tumor tissue and calculated the tumor inhibition rate. RT-PCR detected the expression of VEGF and m TOR, and Western blots detected the expression of corresponding proteins.Results Both LDRFT and conventional-dose radiation inhibited the growth of tumor cells, and growth of tumors in the two radiation groups compared with growth in the control group were significantly different(P < 0.05). The rate of tumor inhibition in the LDFRT group(37.5603%) was lower than in the conventionaldose group(47.4446%), but there was no significant difference(P 0.05). Compared with the other two groups, the m RNA expression of VEGF was significantly lower in the LDFRT group(P < 0.05), but there was no obvious difference between the conventional-dose and control groups. There was no obvious difference in the m RNA expression of m TOR among the three groups, but the expression of the protein p-m TOR was lower in the LDFRT group(P < 0.05), as confirmed by Western blotting.Conclusion LDFRT is as e
