Droplet spatial distribution is the basic information for the calculation of pressure drop and void fraction of gas-liquid two-phase flow. Based on a detailed analysis of the forces acting on the entrained droplets, o...Droplet spatial distribution is the basic information for the calculation of pressure drop and void fraction of gas-liquid two-phase flow. Based on a detailed analysis of the forces acting on the entrained droplets, one method taking account of the correction of droplet terminal settling velocity due to shear lift force was proposed to modify the droplet turbulent diffusion model. By such a modification the calculated errors of decay coefficient for horizontal oil/gas two-phase separated flow was reduced greatly. As a result, the lift force is one of the important factors to be considered reasonably during the study of droplet diffusion and spatial distribution for oil/gas transport.展开更多
There are parallels between the time distortion equations of General and Special Relativity. The time distortion in Special Relativity limits the “Real” velocity of a particle to the speed of light |c| by slowing th...There are parallels between the time distortion equations of General and Special Relativity. The time distortion in Special Relativity limits the “Real” velocity of a particle to the speed of light |c| by slowing the velocity of bosons/energy and increasing the mass of fermion||lepton (or matter) particles. In General Relativity, the gravitational slowdown of bosons/gravitons limits the escape velocity |v <sub>Esc</sub>| to light speed. |v Esc = (2GM/r)<sup>0.5</sup></sub>| can also be written as |v <sub>Esc</sub>2 </sup>= 2GM/r|. So an alternate grammar for the equation could be The above contests currently held properties of Schwarzschild Objects. Relativistic theory predicts the slowdown of gravitons/bosons, while their velocity only approaches zero. The different mathe-matical logic of Gravitational Force ||GF|</sub>| GF = GMm/r<sup>2 </sup>would mean no limit on the force. Matter formed through compression of bosons can escape after formation by absorbing kinetic energy from the slowing photons/bosons in its surroundings. So matter formation can occur via a steady-state mechanism. The limit on v Esc</sub> allows matter to escape in events that parallel both the Big Bang and Cyclic cosmology. Additional arguments are made as to the validity of relativity.展开更多
为了解微纳米尺度下聚合物绝缘材料表面电荷生成、发展规律和机理,利用电场力显微镜(electrostatic force microscope,EFM)研究了两种聚酰亚胺薄膜的表面电荷生成及其衰减特性.采用EFM的导电探针在聚酰亚胺薄膜表面注入电荷,并对产生的...为了解微纳米尺度下聚合物绝缘材料表面电荷生成、发展规律和机理,利用电场力显微镜(electrostatic force microscope,EFM)研究了两种聚酰亚胺薄膜的表面电荷生成及其衰减特性.采用EFM的导电探针在聚酰亚胺薄膜表面注入电荷,并对产生的电荷进行原位表征,结果表明原始(100 HN)和耐电晕(100 CR)两种聚酰亚胺薄膜上电荷生成和衰减特性不同.耐电晕薄膜被注入的表面电荷数量少且注入后衰减较快,其衰减服从指数规律,衰减时间常数为19.9 min;原始薄膜被注入的电荷量较多,衰减时间常数为48.1 min.分析表明,耐电晕薄膜中由于掺杂了Al2O3成分,使得材料的介电常数提高、电阻率下降.介电常数提高使得金属-电介质界面势垒提高,增加了电荷注入难度,导致表面电荷数量少;电阻率下降使得电荷消散速度加快.展开更多
Asymmetric electrostatic forces are a very interesting and new phenomenon. The magnitude of an electrostatic force that acts on a point charge does not change when the direction of the electric field is reversed. On t...Asymmetric electrostatic forces are a very interesting and new phenomenon. The magnitude of an electrostatic force that acts on a point charge does not change when the direction of the electric field is reversed. On the contrary, the magnitude of the electrostatic force that acts on a charged asymmetric shaped conductor does change when the direction of the electric field is reversed. 5 years ago, this phenomenon was reported by a simple experiment and a simulation and named as an Asymmetric electrostatic force unofficially by the author. After that, several simulations confirmed this phenomenon. However, several experiments did not yet confirm it clearly. The difference between the simulations and the experiments depends upon differences of their conditions. The simulations had been done under ideal (perfect) conditions;the experiments, on the contrary, had been done under actual (not perfect) conditions. In the new experiment, its conditions were improved to near ideal (perfect) conditions. As a result the existence of the Asymmetric electrostatic force was more clearly confirmed.展开更多
The two-neutron separation energies(S2n)andα-decay energies(Qα)of the Z=114 isotopes are calculated by the deformed Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov(SHFB)approach with the SLy5,T22,T32 and T43 interactions.It is found...The two-neutron separation energies(S2n)andα-decay energies(Qα)of the Z=114 isotopes are calculated by the deformed Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov(SHFB)approach with the SLy5,T22,T32 and T43 interactions.It is found that the tensor force effect on the bulk properties is weak and the shell closure at N=184 is seen evidently with these interactions by analyzing the S2n and Qαevolutions with neutron number N.Meanwhile,the single-particle energy spectra of 298114 are studied using the spherical SHFB approach with these interactions to furthermore examine the shell structure of the magic nucleus 298114.It is shown that the shell structure is almost not changed by the inclusion of the tensor force in the Skyrme interactions.Finally,by examining the energy splitting of the three pairs of pseudospin partners for the protons and neutrons of 298114,it is concluded that the pseudospin symmetry of the neutron states is preserved better than that of the proton states and not all of the pseudospin symmetries of the proton and neutron states are influenced by the tensor force.展开更多
Strongly nonlinear characteristics of ship roll owing to viscous effect can be usually observed. To describe the nonlinear roll behavior, the CFD method has been frequently employed with obvious advantages compared wi...Strongly nonlinear characteristics of ship roll owing to viscous effect can be usually observed. To describe the nonlinear roll behavior, the CFD method has been frequently employed with obvious advantages compared with the traditional semi-empirical formula method in estimating the roll damping. Numerical simulations of free decay and forced rolling at various forward speeds and amplitudes for a 3-D ship hull are conducted in the present research to predict ship roll damping, in which a RANS solver is employed and a dynamic mesh technique is adopted and discussed in detail. Numerical results, including nonlinear flow characters around ships, rolling decay curves and damping coefficients, show that they are all in good agreement with available experimental data. The linear and nonlinear damping coefficients are estimated and analyzed by fitting with exponential functions for various rolling amplitudes, frequencies and speeds in the free decay simulations, and the damping coefficients are obtained by a polynomial fitting in the forced roll simulations. It is indicated that the damping coefficients increase with increasing rolling angle amplitude and velocity. It is also emphasized that the effect of forward speed is significant to roll damping and the nonlinear damping decreases with increasing velocity.展开更多
The global asymptotic behavior of solutions for the equations of large-scale atmospheric motion with the non-stationary external forcing is studied in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Based on the properties of...The global asymptotic behavior of solutions for the equations of large-scale atmospheric motion with the non-stationary external forcing is studied in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Based on the properties of operators of the equations, some energy inequalities and the uniqueness theorem of solutions are obtained. On the assumption that external forces are bounded, the exsitence of the global absorbing set and the atmosphere attractor is proved, and the characteristics of the decay of effect of initial field and the adjustment to the external forcing are revealed. The physical sense of the results is discussed and some ideas about climatic numerical forecast are elucidated.展开更多
文摘Droplet spatial distribution is the basic information for the calculation of pressure drop and void fraction of gas-liquid two-phase flow. Based on a detailed analysis of the forces acting on the entrained droplets, one method taking account of the correction of droplet terminal settling velocity due to shear lift force was proposed to modify the droplet turbulent diffusion model. By such a modification the calculated errors of decay coefficient for horizontal oil/gas two-phase separated flow was reduced greatly. As a result, the lift force is one of the important factors to be considered reasonably during the study of droplet diffusion and spatial distribution for oil/gas transport.
文摘There are parallels between the time distortion equations of General and Special Relativity. The time distortion in Special Relativity limits the “Real” velocity of a particle to the speed of light |c| by slowing the velocity of bosons/energy and increasing the mass of fermion||lepton (or matter) particles. In General Relativity, the gravitational slowdown of bosons/gravitons limits the escape velocity |v <sub>Esc</sub>| to light speed. |v Esc = (2GM/r)<sup>0.5</sup></sub>| can also be written as |v <sub>Esc</sub>2 </sup>= 2GM/r|. So an alternate grammar for the equation could be The above contests currently held properties of Schwarzschild Objects. Relativistic theory predicts the slowdown of gravitons/bosons, while their velocity only approaches zero. The different mathe-matical logic of Gravitational Force ||GF|</sub>| GF = GMm/r<sup>2 </sup>would mean no limit on the force. Matter formed through compression of bosons can escape after formation by absorbing kinetic energy from the slowing photons/bosons in its surroundings. So matter formation can occur via a steady-state mechanism. The limit on v Esc</sub> allows matter to escape in events that parallel both the Big Bang and Cyclic cosmology. Additional arguments are made as to the validity of relativity.
文摘Asymmetric electrostatic forces are a very interesting and new phenomenon. The magnitude of an electrostatic force that acts on a point charge does not change when the direction of the electric field is reversed. On the contrary, the magnitude of the electrostatic force that acts on a charged asymmetric shaped conductor does change when the direction of the electric field is reversed. 5 years ago, this phenomenon was reported by a simple experiment and a simulation and named as an Asymmetric electrostatic force unofficially by the author. After that, several simulations confirmed this phenomenon. However, several experiments did not yet confirm it clearly. The difference between the simulations and the experiments depends upon differences of their conditions. The simulations had been done under ideal (perfect) conditions;the experiments, on the contrary, had been done under actual (not perfect) conditions. In the new experiment, its conditions were improved to near ideal (perfect) conditions. As a result the existence of the Asymmetric electrostatic force was more clearly confirmed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.U1832120 and No.11675265)the Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars of Hebei Province of China(Grant No.A2018210146)the Continuous Basic Scientific Research Project(Grant No.WDJC-2019-13).
文摘The two-neutron separation energies(S2n)andα-decay energies(Qα)of the Z=114 isotopes are calculated by the deformed Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov(SHFB)approach with the SLy5,T22,T32 and T43 interactions.It is found that the tensor force effect on the bulk properties is weak and the shell closure at N=184 is seen evidently with these interactions by analyzing the S2n and Qαevolutions with neutron number N.Meanwhile,the single-particle energy spectra of 298114 are studied using the spherical SHFB approach with these interactions to furthermore examine the shell structure of the magic nucleus 298114.It is shown that the shell structure is almost not changed by the inclusion of the tensor force in the Skyrme interactions.Finally,by examining the energy splitting of the three pairs of pseudospin partners for the protons and neutrons of 298114,it is concluded that the pseudospin symmetry of the neutron states is preserved better than that of the proton states and not all of the pseudospin symmetries of the proton and neutron states are influenced by the tensor force.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50639020)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863Program,Grant No.2006AA09Z332)
文摘Strongly nonlinear characteristics of ship roll owing to viscous effect can be usually observed. To describe the nonlinear roll behavior, the CFD method has been frequently employed with obvious advantages compared with the traditional semi-empirical formula method in estimating the roll damping. Numerical simulations of free decay and forced rolling at various forward speeds and amplitudes for a 3-D ship hull are conducted in the present research to predict ship roll damping, in which a RANS solver is employed and a dynamic mesh technique is adopted and discussed in detail. Numerical results, including nonlinear flow characters around ships, rolling decay curves and damping coefficients, show that they are all in good agreement with available experimental data. The linear and nonlinear damping coefficients are estimated and analyzed by fitting with exponential functions for various rolling amplitudes, frequencies and speeds in the free decay simulations, and the damping coefficients are obtained by a polynomial fitting in the forced roll simulations. It is indicated that the damping coefficients increase with increasing rolling angle amplitude and velocity. It is also emphasized that the effect of forward speed is significant to roll damping and the nonlinear damping decreases with increasing velocity.
基金Work supported by the State Key Reseach Project on Dynamics and Predictive Theory of the Climate
文摘The global asymptotic behavior of solutions for the equations of large-scale atmospheric motion with the non-stationary external forcing is studied in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Based on the properties of operators of the equations, some energy inequalities and the uniqueness theorem of solutions are obtained. On the assumption that external forces are bounded, the exsitence of the global absorbing set and the atmosphere attractor is proved, and the characteristics of the decay of effect of initial field and the adjustment to the external forcing are revealed. The physical sense of the results is discussed and some ideas about climatic numerical forecast are elucidated.
