Global water security is a severe issue that threatens human health and well-being. Finding sustainable alternative water resources has become a matter of great urgency. For coastal urban areas, desalinated seawater c...Global water security is a severe issue that threatens human health and well-being. Finding sustainable alternative water resources has become a matter of great urgency. For coastal urban areas, desalinated seawater could serve as a freshwater supply. However, since 20%-30% of the water supply is used for flushing waste from the city, seawater with simple treatment could also partly replace the use of freshwater. In this work, the freshwater saving potential and environmental impacts of the urban water system （water-wastewater closed loop） adopting seawater desalination, seawater for toilet flushing （SWTF）, or reclaimed water for toilet flushing （RWTF） are compared with those of a conventional freshwater system, through a life-cycle assessment and sensitivity analysis. The potential applications of these processes are also assessed. The results support the environmental sustainability of the SWTF approach, but its potential application depends on the coastal distance and effective population density of a city. Developed coastal cities with an effective population density exceeding 3000 persons.km-2 and located less than 30 km from the seashore （for the main pipe supplying seawater to the city） would benefit from applying SWTF, regardless of other impact parameters. By further applying the sulfate reduction, autotrophic denitrification, and nitrification integrated （SANI） process for wastewater treatment, the maximum distance from the seashore can be extended to 60 km. Considering that most modern urbanized cities fulfill these criteria, the next generation of water supply systems could consist of a freshwater supply coupled with a seawater supply for sustainable urban development.展开更多
针对传统冲洗系统存在的无法精确检测与控制调节冲洗液电导率等问题,基于API Plan 54泵站智能控制系统进行冲洗液电导率调节试验研究。首先验证了采用氨水作为冲洗液电导率调节介质的可行性,为后续的硬件选型等工作提供理论支持,接着完...针对传统冲洗系统存在的无法精确检测与控制调节冲洗液电导率等问题,基于API Plan 54泵站智能控制系统进行冲洗液电导率调节试验研究。首先验证了采用氨水作为冲洗液电导率调节介质的可行性,为后续的硬件选型等工作提供理论支持,接着完成电导率调节介质浓度与冲洗液电导率关系试验,通过多组试验结果分析出电导率检测与控制调节系统的加药精度。试验表明,电导率检测与控制系统可有效完成冲洗液电导率的调节,验证了该系统的控制精度满足项目应用要求。展开更多
文摘Global water security is a severe issue that threatens human health and well-being. Finding sustainable alternative water resources has become a matter of great urgency. For coastal urban areas, desalinated seawater could serve as a freshwater supply. However, since 20%-30% of the water supply is used for flushing waste from the city, seawater with simple treatment could also partly replace the use of freshwater. In this work, the freshwater saving potential and environmental impacts of the urban water system （water-wastewater closed loop） adopting seawater desalination, seawater for toilet flushing （SWTF）, or reclaimed water for toilet flushing （RWTF） are compared with those of a conventional freshwater system, through a life-cycle assessment and sensitivity analysis. The potential applications of these processes are also assessed. The results support the environmental sustainability of the SWTF approach, but its potential application depends on the coastal distance and effective population density of a city. Developed coastal cities with an effective population density exceeding 3000 persons.km-2 and located less than 30 km from the seashore （for the main pipe supplying seawater to the city） would benefit from applying SWTF, regardless of other impact parameters. By further applying the sulfate reduction, autotrophic denitrification, and nitrification integrated （SANI） process for wastewater treatment, the maximum distance from the seashore can be extended to 60 km. Considering that most modern urbanized cities fulfill these criteria, the next generation of water supply systems could consist of a freshwater supply coupled with a seawater supply for sustainable urban development.
文摘针对传统冲洗系统存在的无法精确检测与控制调节冲洗液电导率等问题,基于API Plan 54泵站智能控制系统进行冲洗液电导率调节试验研究。首先验证了采用氨水作为冲洗液电导率调节介质的可行性,为后续的硬件选型等工作提供理论支持,接着完成电导率调节介质浓度与冲洗液电导率关系试验,通过多组试验结果分析出电导率检测与控制调节系统的加药精度。试验表明,电导率检测与控制系统可有效完成冲洗液电导率的调节,验证了该系统的控制精度满足项目应用要求。
