As an important parameter in the soil erosion model, soil surface roughness（SSR） is used to quantitatively describe the micro-relief on agricultural land. SSR has been extensively studied both experimentally and the...As an important parameter in the soil erosion model, soil surface roughness（SSR） is used to quantitatively describe the micro-relief on agricultural land. SSR has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically; however, no studies have focused on understanding SSR on the Loess Plateau of China. This study investigated changes in SSR for three different tillage practices on the Loess Plateau of China and the effects of SSR on runoff and erosion yield during simulated rainfall. The tillage practices used were zero tillage（ZT）, shallow hoeing（SH） and contour ploughing（CP）. Two rainfall intensities were applied, and three stages of water erosion processes（splash erosion（I）, sheet erosion（II） and rill erosion（III）） were analyzed for each rainfall intensity. The chain method was used to measure changes in SSR both initially and after each stage of rainfall. A splash board was used to measure the splash erosion at stage I. Runoff and sediment data were collected continuously at 2-min intervals during rainfall erosion stages II and III. We found that SSR of the tilled surfaces ranged from 1.0% to 21.9% under the three tillage practices, and the order of the initial SSR for the three treatments was ZT〈SH〈CP. For the ZT treatment, SSR increased slightly from stage I to III, whereas for the SH and CP treatments, SSR decreased by 44.5% and 61.5% after the three water erosion stages, respectively, and the greatest reduction in SSR occurred in stage I. Regression analysis showed that the changes in SSR with increasing cumulative rainfall could be described by a power function（R2〉0.49） for the ZT, SH and CP treatments. The runoff initiation time was longer in the SH and CP treatments than in the ZT treatment. There were no significant differences in the total runoff yields among the ZT, SH and CP treatments. Sediment loss was significantly smaller（P〈0.05） in the SH and CP treatments than in the ZT treatment.展开更多
为科学揭示梯级水库群运行对河流生态的影响,基于黄河上游实测水沙序列,采用IHA(Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration)指标体系,对比分析了不同工程运行时期黄河上游水文情势变化,运用多系列贡献率分割法,量化了不同影响因子对水文情...为科学揭示梯级水库群运行对河流生态的影响,基于黄河上游实测水沙序列,采用IHA(Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration)指标体系,对比分析了不同工程运行时期黄河上游水文情势变化,运用多系列贡献率分割法,量化了不同影响因子对水文情势变化的贡献率。通过输沙率法结合断面淤积形态分析揭示了黄河上游河道冲淤演变。结果表明,黄河上游水库运行对河流径流及河道形态产生了深刻影响,进而影响了河流生态。水库运行后非汛期月均流量上升、汛期月均流量下降、高流量事件发生频率与流量减少,径流趋于平缓,且宁蒙河段泥沙淤积、断面形态趋于宽浅。分析表明水库运行是造成黄河上游兰州水文情势变化的主要原因,以及石嘴山、头道拐水文情势变化的重要原因,高流量事件的减少加剧了河道淤积,使河流生态朝不利方向演化,为维护黄河上游生态健康有必要实施生态调度,提高涨水期和洪水期下泄流量并制造高流量事件。研究为评估梯级水库运行的生态影响、指导梯级水库生态调度提供方向性参考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271288, 41371273)
文摘As an important parameter in the soil erosion model, soil surface roughness（SSR） is used to quantitatively describe the micro-relief on agricultural land. SSR has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically; however, no studies have focused on understanding SSR on the Loess Plateau of China. This study investigated changes in SSR for three different tillage practices on the Loess Plateau of China and the effects of SSR on runoff and erosion yield during simulated rainfall. The tillage practices used were zero tillage（ZT）, shallow hoeing（SH） and contour ploughing（CP）. Two rainfall intensities were applied, and three stages of water erosion processes（splash erosion（I）, sheet erosion（II） and rill erosion（III）） were analyzed for each rainfall intensity. The chain method was used to measure changes in SSR both initially and after each stage of rainfall. A splash board was used to measure the splash erosion at stage I. Runoff and sediment data were collected continuously at 2-min intervals during rainfall erosion stages II and III. We found that SSR of the tilled surfaces ranged from 1.0% to 21.9% under the three tillage practices, and the order of the initial SSR for the three treatments was ZT〈SH〈CP. For the ZT treatment, SSR increased slightly from stage I to III, whereas for the SH and CP treatments, SSR decreased by 44.5% and 61.5% after the three water erosion stages, respectively, and the greatest reduction in SSR occurred in stage I. Regression analysis showed that the changes in SSR with increasing cumulative rainfall could be described by a power function（R2〉0.49） for the ZT, SH and CP treatments. The runoff initiation time was longer in the SH and CP treatments than in the ZT treatment. There were no significant differences in the total runoff yields among the ZT, SH and CP treatments. Sediment loss was significantly smaller（P〈0.05） in the SH and CP treatments than in the ZT treatment.
文摘为科学揭示梯级水库群运行对河流生态的影响,基于黄河上游实测水沙序列,采用IHA(Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration)指标体系,对比分析了不同工程运行时期黄河上游水文情势变化,运用多系列贡献率分割法,量化了不同影响因子对水文情势变化的贡献率。通过输沙率法结合断面淤积形态分析揭示了黄河上游河道冲淤演变。结果表明,黄河上游水库运行对河流径流及河道形态产生了深刻影响,进而影响了河流生态。水库运行后非汛期月均流量上升、汛期月均流量下降、高流量事件发生频率与流量减少,径流趋于平缓,且宁蒙河段泥沙淤积、断面形态趋于宽浅。分析表明水库运行是造成黄河上游兰州水文情势变化的主要原因,以及石嘴山、头道拐水文情势变化的重要原因,高流量事件的减少加剧了河道淤积,使河流生态朝不利方向演化,为维护黄河上游生态健康有必要实施生态调度,提高涨水期和洪水期下泄流量并制造高流量事件。研究为评估梯级水库运行的生态影响、指导梯级水库生态调度提供方向性参考。
