Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we explored how irrig...Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we explored how irrigation and drainage modes (flood irrigation, drip irrigation, and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation) improve the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China. We aimed to study the transport characteristics of soil water and salt under different irrigation and drainage modes, and analyze the effects of the combination of irrigation and drainage on soil salt leaching, as well as its impacts on the growth of oil sunflower. Our results show that sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation significantly reduced the soil salt content and soil water content at the 0–200 cm soil depth. Under sub-surface pipe drainage combined with drip irrigation, the mean soil salt content was reduced to below 10 g/kg after the second irrigation, and the soil salt content decreased as sub-surface pipe distance decreased. The mean soil salt content of flood irrigation exceeded 25 g/kg, and the mean soil desalination efficiency was 3.28%, which was lower than that of drip irrigation. The mean soil desalination rate under drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation was 19.30% and 58.12%, respectively. After sub-surface drainage regulation under drip irrigation, the germination percentage of oil sunflower seedlings was increased to more than 50%, which further confirmed that combined drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage is very effective in improving the quality of saline-alkali soil and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops.展开更多
The need is pressing to investigate soil CO2 （carbon dioxide） emissions and soil organic carbon dynamics under water-saving irrigation practices in agricultural systems for exploring the potentials of soil carbon se...The need is pressing to investigate soil CO2 （carbon dioxide） emissions and soil organic carbon dynamics under water-saving irrigation practices in agricultural systems for exploring the potentials of soil carbon sequestration. A field experiment was conducted to compare the influences of drip irrigation （DI） and flood irrigation （FI） on soil organic carbon dynamics and the spatial and temporal variations in CO2 emissions during the summer maize growing season in the North China Plain using the static closed chamber method. The mean CO2 efflux over the growing season was larger under DI than that under FI. The cumulative CO2 emissions at the field scale were 1959.10 and 1759.12 g/m2 under DI and FI, respectively. The cumulative CO2 emission on plant rows （OR） was larger than that between plant rows （BR） under FI, and the cumulative CO2 emission on the irrigation pipes （OP） was larger than that between irrigation pipes （BP） under DI. The cumulative CO2 emissions of OP, BP and bare area （BA） under DI were larger than those of OR, BR and BA under FI, respectively. Additionally, DI promoted root respiration more effectively than FI did. The average proportion of root respiration contributing to the soil CO2 emissions of OP under DI was larger than that of OR under FI. A general conclusion drawn from this study is that soil CO2 emission was significantly influenced by the soil water content, soil temperature and air temperature under both DI and FI. Larger concentrations of dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, microbial biomass carbon （MBC） and total organic carbon （TOC） were observed under FI than those under DI. The observed high concentrations （DOC, MBC, and TOC） under FI might be resulted from the irrigation-associated soil saturation that in turn inhibited microbial activity and lowered decomposition rate of soil organic matter. However, DI increased the soil organic matter quality （the ratio of MBC to TOC） at the depth of 10-20 cm compared with FI. Our results sugge展开更多
通过田间原位试验,利用自动静态箱-气相色谱法对设施黄瓜季土壤N_2O排放进行了连续两年的观测,探讨了不同灌溉方式(传统漫灌和滴灌)对N_2O排放的影响及其年际差异,以期为设施菜地N_2O减排提供数据支撑和理论基础。试验设置3个处理,分别...通过田间原位试验,利用自动静态箱-气相色谱法对设施黄瓜季土壤N_2O排放进行了连续两年的观测,探讨了不同灌溉方式(传统漫灌和滴灌)对N_2O排放的影响及其年际差异,以期为设施菜地N_2O减排提供数据支撑和理论基础。试验设置3个处理,分别为对照处理(CK)、漫灌施肥处理(FP)、滴灌施肥处理(FPD)。CK处理不施氮肥,FP、FPD处理氮肥施用量为有机肥500 kg N·hm^(-2)、化肥700 kg N·hm^(-2),其中化肥根据作物养分需求多次施入。研究结果表明:设施菜地N_2O排放峰主要集中于施肥和灌溉后,基肥持续7 d左右,追肥N_2O排放峰持续3~5 d。土壤温度、水分和气温等因子都能显著影响N_2O排放通量的变化,但不同年际之间对N_2O排放的影响不同,2015年N_2O排放通量的变化主要受土壤温度和气温影响,而2016年主要受土壤湿度和温度影响;改变灌溉方式,对土壤温湿度变化没有产生显著的影响;相同氮肥施用量下,滴灌相比常规漫灌在提高作物产量的同时,能减少N_2O排放总量29.4%~35.1%,并且没有显著年际差异;滴灌相比常规漫灌能减少N_2O排放强度(即单位经济产量N_2O排放量)34.5%~37.5%、排放系数47.2%~47.7%,两年的观测没有显著的年际差异。可见,滴灌相比漫灌在提高蔬菜产量的同时,能显著减少N_2O排放,而且年际之间没有显著差异,是设施菜地值得推荐的一种减排技术,并可为N_2O长期减排效果的估算提供参考。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51741908)
文摘Developing effective irrigation and drainage strategies to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil is vital for enhancing agricultural production and increasing economic returns. In this study, we explored how irrigation and drainage modes (flood irrigation, drip irrigation, and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation) improve the saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, China. We aimed to study the transport characteristics of soil water and salt under different irrigation and drainage modes, and analyze the effects of the combination of irrigation and drainage on soil salt leaching, as well as its impacts on the growth of oil sunflower. Our results show that sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation significantly reduced the soil salt content and soil water content at the 0–200 cm soil depth. Under sub-surface pipe drainage combined with drip irrigation, the mean soil salt content was reduced to below 10 g/kg after the second irrigation, and the soil salt content decreased as sub-surface pipe distance decreased. The mean soil salt content of flood irrigation exceeded 25 g/kg, and the mean soil desalination efficiency was 3.28%, which was lower than that of drip irrigation. The mean soil desalination rate under drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage under drip irrigation was 19.30% and 58.12%, respectively. After sub-surface drainage regulation under drip irrigation, the germination percentage of oil sunflower seedlings was increased to more than 50%, which further confirmed that combined drip irrigation and sub-surface pipe drainage is very effective in improving the quality of saline-alkali soil and increasing the productivity of agricultural crops.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201203012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41373084,41330528,41203054)
文摘The need is pressing to investigate soil CO2 （carbon dioxide） emissions and soil organic carbon dynamics under water-saving irrigation practices in agricultural systems for exploring the potentials of soil carbon sequestration. A field experiment was conducted to compare the influences of drip irrigation （DI） and flood irrigation （FI） on soil organic carbon dynamics and the spatial and temporal variations in CO2 emissions during the summer maize growing season in the North China Plain using the static closed chamber method. The mean CO2 efflux over the growing season was larger under DI than that under FI. The cumulative CO2 emissions at the field scale were 1959.10 and 1759.12 g/m2 under DI and FI, respectively. The cumulative CO2 emission on plant rows （OR） was larger than that between plant rows （BR） under FI, and the cumulative CO2 emission on the irrigation pipes （OP） was larger than that between irrigation pipes （BP） under DI. The cumulative CO2 emissions of OP, BP and bare area （BA） under DI were larger than those of OR, BR and BA under FI, respectively. Additionally, DI promoted root respiration more effectively than FI did. The average proportion of root respiration contributing to the soil CO2 emissions of OP under DI was larger than that of OR under FI. A general conclusion drawn from this study is that soil CO2 emission was significantly influenced by the soil water content, soil temperature and air temperature under both DI and FI. Larger concentrations of dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, microbial biomass carbon （MBC） and total organic carbon （TOC） were observed under FI than those under DI. The observed high concentrations （DOC, MBC, and TOC） under FI might be resulted from the irrigation-associated soil saturation that in turn inhibited microbial activity and lowered decomposition rate of soil organic matter. However, DI increased the soil organic matter quality （the ratio of MBC to TOC） at the depth of 10-20 cm compared with FI. Our results sugge
文摘通过田间原位试验,利用自动静态箱-气相色谱法对设施黄瓜季土壤N_2O排放进行了连续两年的观测,探讨了不同灌溉方式(传统漫灌和滴灌)对N_2O排放的影响及其年际差异,以期为设施菜地N_2O减排提供数据支撑和理论基础。试验设置3个处理,分别为对照处理(CK)、漫灌施肥处理(FP)、滴灌施肥处理(FPD)。CK处理不施氮肥,FP、FPD处理氮肥施用量为有机肥500 kg N·hm^(-2)、化肥700 kg N·hm^(-2),其中化肥根据作物养分需求多次施入。研究结果表明:设施菜地N_2O排放峰主要集中于施肥和灌溉后,基肥持续7 d左右,追肥N_2O排放峰持续3~5 d。土壤温度、水分和气温等因子都能显著影响N_2O排放通量的变化,但不同年际之间对N_2O排放的影响不同,2015年N_2O排放通量的变化主要受土壤温度和气温影响,而2016年主要受土壤湿度和温度影响;改变灌溉方式,对土壤温湿度变化没有产生显著的影响;相同氮肥施用量下,滴灌相比常规漫灌在提高作物产量的同时,能减少N_2O排放总量29.4%~35.1%,并且没有显著年际差异;滴灌相比常规漫灌能减少N_2O排放强度(即单位经济产量N_2O排放量)34.5%~37.5%、排放系数47.2%~47.7%,两年的观测没有显著的年际差异。可见,滴灌相比漫灌在提高蔬菜产量的同时,能显著减少N_2O排放,而且年际之间没有显著差异,是设施菜地值得推荐的一种减排技术,并可为N_2O长期减排效果的估算提供参考。
