Open Air Interface(OAI)alliance recently introduced a new disaggregated Open Radio Access Networks(O-RAN)framework for next generation telecommunications and networks.This disaggregated architecture is open,automated,...Open Air Interface(OAI)alliance recently introduced a new disaggregated Open Radio Access Networks(O-RAN)framework for next generation telecommunications and networks.This disaggregated architecture is open,automated,software defined,virtual,and supports the latest advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence(AI)Machine Learning(AI/ML).This novel intelligent architecture enables programmers to design and customize automated applications according to the business needs and to improve quality of service in fifth generation(5G)and Beyond 5G(B5G).Its disaggregated and multivendor nature gives the opportunity to new startups and small vendors to participate and provide cheap hardware software solutions to keep the market competitive.This paper presents the disaggregated and programmable O-RAN architecture focused on automation,AI/ML services,and applications with Flexible Radio access network Intelligent Controller(FRIC).We schematically demonstrate the reinforcement learning,external applications(xApps),and automation steps to implement this disaggregated O-RAN architecture.The idea of this research paper is to implement an AI/ML enabled automation system for software defined disaggregated O-RAN,which monitors,manages,and performs AI/ML-related services,including the model deployment,optimization,inference,and training.展开更多
Personally identifiable information(PII)refers to any information that links to an individual.Sharing PII is extremely useful in public affairs yet hard to implement due to the worries about privacy violations.Buildin...Personally identifiable information(PII)refers to any information that links to an individual.Sharing PII is extremely useful in public affairs yet hard to implement due to the worries about privacy violations.Building a PII retrieval service over multi-cloud,which is a modern strategy to make services stable where multiple servers are deployed,seems to be a promising solution.However,three major technical challenges remain to be solved.The first is the privacy and access control of PII.In fact,each entry in PII can be shared to different users with different access rights.Hence,flexible and fine-grained access control is needed.Second,a reliable user revocation mechanism is required to ensure that users can be revoked efficiently,even if few cloud servers are compromised or collapse,to avoid data leakage.Third,verifying the correctness of received PII and locating a misbehaved server when wrong data are returned is crucial to guarantee user’s privacy,but challenging to realize.In this paper,we propose Rainbow,a secure and practical PII retrieval scheme to solve the above issues.In particular,we design an important cryptographic tool,called Reliable Outsourced Attribute Based Encryption(ROABE)which provides data privacy,flexible and fine-grained access control,reliable immediate user revocation and verification for multiple servers simultaneously,to support Rainbow.Moreover,we present how to build Rainbow with ROABE and several necessary cloud techniques in real world.To evaluate the performance,we deploy Rainbow on multiple mainstream clouds,namely,AWS,GCP and Microsoft Azure,and experiment in browsers on mobile phones and computers.Both theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate that Rainbow is secure and practical.展开更多
As the emergence of various highbandwidth services and the requirements to support 5G/Wi-Fi 6 wireless networks,the next generation fixed networks,i.e.F5G,are expected to be realized in the 5G era.F5G is endowed with ...As the emergence of various highbandwidth services and the requirements to support 5G/Wi-Fi 6 wireless networks,the next generation fixed networks,i.e.F5G,are expected to be realized in the 5G era.F5G is endowed with new characteristics,including ultra-high bandwidth,all-optical connections and optimal service experience.With the prospect of optical-to-everywhere,optical technologies are used for mobile front-haul,mid-haul,and back-haul.Optical access networks would play an important role in F5G to support radio access network and fixed access network.Low-latency PON is a key for cost effective-haul traffic aggregation.In terms of signal transmission,intensity modulation directdetection(IM-DD)is a promising scheme due to its simple architecture.The fundamental challenge associated with direct-detection is the disappearance of the transmitted signal’s phase.In access network,the flexibility and low latency are the two key factors affecting service experience.In this article,we review the evolution of PONs and the challenges of current PONs in detail.We analyze key enabling digital signal processing(DSP)techniques,including detection linearization for direct-detection and simplified coherent detection,adaptive equalizers,digital filer enabled flexible access network and low-latency inter-ONU communications.Finally,we discuss the developing trends of future optical access networks.展开更多
Metal phthalocyanine is considered one of the most promising candidates for the design and fabrication of flexible resistive random access memory(RRAM)devices due to its intrinsic flexibility and excellent functionali...Metal phthalocyanine is considered one of the most promising candidates for the design and fabrication of flexible resistive random access memory(RRAM)devices due to its intrinsic flexibility and excellent functionality.However,performance degradation and the lack of multi-level capability,which can directly expand the storage capacity in one memory cell without sacrificing additional layout area,are the primary obstacles to the use of metal phthalocyanine RRAMs in information storage.Here,a flexible RRAM with pristine nickel phthalocyanine(Ni Pc)as the resistive layer is reported for multi-level data storage.Due to its high trap-concentration,the charge transport behavior of the device agrees well with classical space charge limited conduction controlled by traps,leading to an excellent performance,including a high on-off current ratio of 10^(7),a long-term retention of 10^(6)s,a reproducible endurance over6000 cycles,long-term flexibility at a bending strain of 0.6%,a write speed of 50 ns under sequential bias pulses and the capability of multi-level data storage with reliable retention and uniformity.展开更多
文摘Open Air Interface(OAI)alliance recently introduced a new disaggregated Open Radio Access Networks(O-RAN)framework for next generation telecommunications and networks.This disaggregated architecture is open,automated,software defined,virtual,and supports the latest advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence(AI)Machine Learning(AI/ML).This novel intelligent architecture enables programmers to design and customize automated applications according to the business needs and to improve quality of service in fifth generation(5G)and Beyond 5G(B5G).Its disaggregated and multivendor nature gives the opportunity to new startups and small vendors to participate and provide cheap hardware software solutions to keep the market competitive.This paper presents the disaggregated and programmable O-RAN architecture focused on automation,AI/ML services,and applications with Flexible Radio access network Intelligent Controller(FRIC).We schematically demonstrate the reinforcement learning,external applications(xApps),and automation steps to implement this disaggregated O-RAN architecture.The idea of this research paper is to implement an AI/ML enabled automation system for software defined disaggregated O-RAN,which monitors,manages,and performs AI/ML-related services,including the model deployment,optimization,inference,and training.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62172411,62172404,61972094)。
文摘Personally identifiable information(PII)refers to any information that links to an individual.Sharing PII is extremely useful in public affairs yet hard to implement due to the worries about privacy violations.Building a PII retrieval service over multi-cloud,which is a modern strategy to make services stable where multiple servers are deployed,seems to be a promising solution.However,three major technical challenges remain to be solved.The first is the privacy and access control of PII.In fact,each entry in PII can be shared to different users with different access rights.Hence,flexible and fine-grained access control is needed.Second,a reliable user revocation mechanism is required to ensure that users can be revoked efficiently,even if few cloud servers are compromised or collapse,to avoid data leakage.Third,verifying the correctness of received PII and locating a misbehaved server when wrong data are returned is crucial to guarantee user’s privacy,but challenging to realize.In this paper,we propose Rainbow,a secure and practical PII retrieval scheme to solve the above issues.In particular,we design an important cryptographic tool,called Reliable Outsourced Attribute Based Encryption(ROABE)which provides data privacy,flexible and fine-grained access control,reliable immediate user revocation and verification for multiple servers simultaneously,to support Rainbow.Moreover,we present how to build Rainbow with ROABE and several necessary cloud techniques in real world.To evaluate the performance,we deploy Rainbow on multiple mainstream clouds,namely,AWS,GCP and Microsoft Azure,and experiment in browsers on mobile phones and computers.Both theoretical analysis and experimental results indicate that Rainbow is secure and practical.
基金National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61871082 and 62111530150)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2020ZB043 and ZYGX2019J008).
文摘As the emergence of various highbandwidth services and the requirements to support 5G/Wi-Fi 6 wireless networks,the next generation fixed networks,i.e.F5G,are expected to be realized in the 5G era.F5G is endowed with new characteristics,including ultra-high bandwidth,all-optical connections and optimal service experience.With the prospect of optical-to-everywhere,optical technologies are used for mobile front-haul,mid-haul,and back-haul.Optical access networks would play an important role in F5G to support radio access network and fixed access network.Low-latency PON is a key for cost effective-haul traffic aggregation.In terms of signal transmission,intensity modulation directdetection(IM-DD)is a promising scheme due to its simple architecture.The fundamental challenge associated with direct-detection is the disappearance of the transmitted signal’s phase.In access network,the flexibility and low latency are the two key factors affecting service experience.In this article,we review the evolution of PONs and the challenges of current PONs in detail.We analyze key enabling digital signal processing(DSP)techniques,including detection linearization for direct-detection and simplified coherent detection,adaptive equalizers,digital filer enabled flexible access network and low-latency inter-ONU communications.Finally,we discuss the developing trends of future optical access networks.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61574143,61704175,51502304)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB30000000)+2 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDBS-LY-JSC027)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1807109)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0401104)。
文摘Metal phthalocyanine is considered one of the most promising candidates for the design and fabrication of flexible resistive random access memory(RRAM)devices due to its intrinsic flexibility and excellent functionality.However,performance degradation and the lack of multi-level capability,which can directly expand the storage capacity in one memory cell without sacrificing additional layout area,are the primary obstacles to the use of metal phthalocyanine RRAMs in information storage.Here,a flexible RRAM with pristine nickel phthalocyanine(Ni Pc)as the resistive layer is reported for multi-level data storage.Due to its high trap-concentration,the charge transport behavior of the device agrees well with classical space charge limited conduction controlled by traps,leading to an excellent performance,including a high on-off current ratio of 10^(7),a long-term retention of 10^(6)s,a reproducible endurance over6000 cycles,long-term flexibility at a bending strain of 0.6%,a write speed of 50 ns under sequential bias pulses and the capability of multi-level data storage with reliable retention and uniformity.