In this review, I explore the effects of both social organization and the physical environment, specifically habitat complexity, on the brains and behavior of highly visual African cichlid fishes, drawing on examples ...In this review, I explore the effects of both social organization and the physical environment, specifically habitat complexity, on the brains and behavior of highly visual African cichlid fishes, drawing on examples from primates and birds where appropriate. In closely related fishes from the monophyletic Ectodinii clade of Lake Tanganyika, both forces influence cichlid brains and behavior. Considering social influences first, visual acuity differs with respect to social organization （monogamy versus polygyny）. Both the telencephalon and amygdalar homologue, area Dm, are larger in monogamous species. Monogamous species are found to have more vasotocin-immunoreactive cells in the preoptic area of the brain. Habitat complexity also influences brain and behavior in these fishes. Total brain size, telencephalic and cerebellar size are positively correlated with habitat complexity. Visual acuity and spatial memory are enhanced in cichlids living in more complex environments. However habitat complexity and social forces affect cichlid brains differently. Taken together, our field data and plasticity data suggest that some of the species-specific neural effects of habitat complexity could be the consequence of the corresponding social correlates. Environmental forces, however, exert a broader effect on brain structures than social ones do, suggesting allometric expansion of the brain structures in concert with brain size and/or co-evolntion of these structures [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 144-156, 2010].展开更多
这是一则读后让人大吃一惊的消息。美国东海岸一种名叫Pfiesterispiscicida的有毒微生物杀死了数以百万计的鱼。而且,有人也染上了一种可怕的神经综合症: …some sufferers would set out by car on an errand only to forget where the...这是一则读后让人大吃一惊的消息。美国东海岸一种名叫Pfiesterispiscicida的有毒微生物杀死了数以百万计的鱼。而且,有人也染上了一种可怕的神经综合症: …some sufferers would set out by car on an errand only to forget where theywere going and what they had planned to do once they got there. 因此,令人垂涎的所谓生猛海鲜也让人避退三舍: …the seafood industry saw sales plunge by more than $40 million as consumerspanicked over a supposed threat to local fisheries. 再看看我们这里的情形,也让人不寒而栗。据报道,我国渤海已成为一个死海,已无多少鱼虾可捕。 更让人难以置信的是,北极圈一带,由于核潜艇常出没,排放的有害物质污染了海面,侵入幼熊体内,造成它们有雄雌两套生殖器。 Pfiesteria piscicida是新词,我们向上海译文出版社词典编辑室询问此词,也得不到相应的汉译。读者中如有解此“密”者,请写信与我们联系。谢谢！展开更多
Several mammalian animal models of traumatic brain injury have been used, mostly rodents. However, reparative mechanisms in mammalian brain are very limited, and newly formed neurons do not survive for long time. The ...Several mammalian animal models of traumatic brain injury have been used, mostly rodents. However, reparative mechanisms in mammalian brain are very limited, and newly formed neurons do not survive for long time. The brain of adult zebrafish, a teleost fish widely used as vertebrate model, possesses high regenerative properties after injury due to the presence of numerous stem cells niches. The ventricular lining of the zebrafish dorsal telencephalon is the most studied neuronal stem cell niche because its dorso-lateral zone is considered the equivalent to the hippocampus of mammals which contains one of the two constitutive neurogenic niches of mammals. To mimic TBI, stab wound in the dorso-lateral telencephalon of zebrafish was used in studies devoted to fish regenerative properties. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which is known to play key roles in the repair process after traumatic brain lesions, persists around the lesioned area of injured telencephalon of adult zebrafish. These results are extensively compared to reparative processes in rodent brain. Considering the complete repair of the damaged area in fish, it could be tempting to consider brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a factor contributing to create a permissive environment that enables the establishment of new neuronal population in damaged brain.展开更多
基金supported by NSF grants IBN-02180005 to Caroly Shumway (CAS) and IBN-021795 to Hans Hofmann (HAH)a German-American Research Networking Program grant to CAS and HAH+1 种基金the New England Aquarium to CASthe Bauer Center for Genomics Research to HAH
文摘In this review, I explore the effects of both social organization and the physical environment, specifically habitat complexity, on the brains and behavior of highly visual African cichlid fishes, drawing on examples from primates and birds where appropriate. In closely related fishes from the monophyletic Ectodinii clade of Lake Tanganyika, both forces influence cichlid brains and behavior. Considering social influences first, visual acuity differs with respect to social organization （monogamy versus polygyny）. Both the telencephalon and amygdalar homologue, area Dm, are larger in monogamous species. Monogamous species are found to have more vasotocin-immunoreactive cells in the preoptic area of the brain. Habitat complexity also influences brain and behavior in these fishes. Total brain size, telencephalic and cerebellar size are positively correlated with habitat complexity. Visual acuity and spatial memory are enhanced in cichlids living in more complex environments. However habitat complexity and social forces affect cichlid brains differently. Taken together, our field data and plasticity data suggest that some of the species-specific neural effects of habitat complexity could be the consequence of the corresponding social correlates. Environmental forces, however, exert a broader effect on brain structures than social ones do, suggesting allometric expansion of the brain structures in concert with brain size and/or co-evolntion of these structures [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 144-156, 2010].
文摘这是一则读后让人大吃一惊的消息。美国东海岸一种名叫Pfiesterispiscicida的有毒微生物杀死了数以百万计的鱼。而且,有人也染上了一种可怕的神经综合症: …some sufferers would set out by car on an errand only to forget where theywere going and what they had planned to do once they got there. 因此,令人垂涎的所谓生猛海鲜也让人避退三舍: …the seafood industry saw sales plunge by more than $40 million as consumerspanicked over a supposed threat to local fisheries. 再看看我们这里的情形,也让人不寒而栗。据报道,我国渤海已成为一个死海,已无多少鱼虾可捕。 更让人难以置信的是,北极圈一带,由于核潜艇常出没,排放的有害物质污染了海面,侵入幼熊体内,造成它们有雄雌两套生殖器。 Pfiesteria piscicida是新词,我们向上海译文出版社词典编辑室询问此词,也得不到相应的汉译。读者中如有解此“密”者,请写信与我们联系。谢谢！
文摘Several mammalian animal models of traumatic brain injury have been used, mostly rodents. However, reparative mechanisms in mammalian brain are very limited, and newly formed neurons do not survive for long time. The brain of adult zebrafish, a teleost fish widely used as vertebrate model, possesses high regenerative properties after injury due to the presence of numerous stem cells niches. The ventricular lining of the zebrafish dorsal telencephalon is the most studied neuronal stem cell niche because its dorso-lateral zone is considered the equivalent to the hippocampus of mammals which contains one of the two constitutive neurogenic niches of mammals. To mimic TBI, stab wound in the dorso-lateral telencephalon of zebrafish was used in studies devoted to fish regenerative properties. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which is known to play key roles in the repair process after traumatic brain lesions, persists around the lesioned area of injured telencephalon of adult zebrafish. These results are extensively compared to reparative processes in rodent brain. Considering the complete repair of the damaged area in fish, it could be tempting to consider brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a factor contributing to create a permissive environment that enables the establishment of new neuronal population in damaged brain.
