Thermal barrier coating(TBC) materials play important roles in gas turbine engines to protect the Nibased super-alloys from the high temperature airflow damage. High melting point, ultra-low thermal conductivity, larg...Thermal barrier coating(TBC) materials play important roles in gas turbine engines to protect the Nibased super-alloys from the high temperature airflow damage. High melting point, ultra-low thermal conductivity, large thermal expansion coefficient, excellent damage tolerance and moderate mechanical properties are the main requirements of promising TBC materials. In order to improve the efficiency of jet and/or gas turbine engines, which is the key of improved thrust-to-weight ratios and the energysaving, significant efforts have been made on searching for enhanced TBC materials. Theoretically, density functional theory has been successfully used in scanning the structure and properties of materials, and at the same time predicting the mechanical and thermal properties of promising TBC materials for high and ultrahigh temperature applications, which are validated by subsequent experiments. Experimentally,doping and/or alloying are also widely applied to further decrease their thermal conductivities. Now, the strategy through combining theoretical calculations and experiments on searching for next generation thermal insulator materials is widely adopted. In this review, the common used techniques and the recent advantages on searching for promising TBC materials in both theory and experiments are summarized.展开更多
Cr2AlC is an unusual layered ternary ceramic that combines the merits of both metals and ceramics. The salient properties of Cr2AlC are strongly related to its bonding characteristics and microstructures. Synthesis, m...Cr2AlC is an unusual layered ternary ceramic that combines the merits of both metals and ceramics. The salient properties of Cr2AlC are strongly related to its bonding characteristics and microstructures. Synthesis, microstructure, and property of Cr2AlC are reviewed in this paper. First, theoretical calculations and physical properties are introduced. Then, the processing of Cr2AlC ceramic in both bulk form and thin films and their basic mechanical properties are summarized. Atomic-scale characterizations of Cr2AlC, as well as the microstructural relationships among Cr2AlC, AlCr5, and AlCr2 were achieved using a series of transmission electron microscopy （TEM） techniques. Moreover, high-temperature oxidation and hot corrosion behaviors of Cr2AlC were investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and TEM. Mechanism of the excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance of Cr2AlC is discussed based on systematic microstructural analyses. Finally, concise conclusions are drawn.展开更多
采用CALPHAD(calculation of phase diagram)方法对Fe-V和Ni-V二元系进行了热力学优化,并结合第一性原理计算,利用(A,B)_(10)(A,B)_(4)(A,B)_(16)三亚点阵模型描述σ相,首次成功地描述了σ相的占位分数。使用优化的模型参数不仅可以描述...采用CALPHAD(calculation of phase diagram)方法对Fe-V和Ni-V二元系进行了热力学优化,并结合第一性原理计算,利用(A,B)_(10)(A,B)_(4)(A,B)_(16)三亚点阵模型描述σ相,首次成功地描述了σ相的占位分数。使用优化的模型参数不仅可以描述Fe-V和Ni-V系热化学性质,而且可以很好地重现Fe-V和Ni-V系的相平衡关系,为高熵合金多组元热力学数据库的建立奠定基础。展开更多
为获得高性能ReBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ)对称电极材料,本工作通过第一性原理计算分析了不同稀土元素(La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Gd,Y)对材料结构和性能的影响。计算结果表明LaBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ)不易形成层状钙钛矿结构,Gd Ba Mn_(2)O_(5+δ)的结合能最高,对...为获得高性能ReBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ)对称电极材料,本工作通过第一性原理计算分析了不同稀土元素(La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Gd,Y)对材料结构和性能的影响。计算结果表明LaBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ)不易形成层状钙钛矿结构,Gd Ba Mn_(2)O_(5+δ)的结合能最高,对应结构稳定性最好,而Nd Ba Mn_(2)O_(5+δ)则具有较小的Mn 3d和O_(2)p轨道之间的能量差、以及较低的O_(2)p轨道中心与Fermi面的能量差,对应材料较高的电导率和优异的催化活性。选用La,Nd和Gd作为A位元素进行实验研究。结果表明,LaBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ)难以形成单相钙钛矿,但成功合成了具有层状结构的Nd Ba Mn_(2)O_(5+δ)和Gd BaMn_(2)O_(5+δ),其在氧化和还原气氛下均保持良好的结构稳定性。相比于Gd Ba Mn_(2)O_(5+δ),Nd Ba Mn_(2)O_(5+δ)在空气和5%(体积分数) H2/Ar中均具有较高的电导率。且Nd Ba Mn_(2)O_(5+δ)电极在空气和氢气气氛下的极化阻抗均小于GdBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ),表现出更强的催化活性。以NdBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ)为对称电极,300μm的La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Ga_(0.8)Mg0.2O_(3)–δ为电解质制备的对称全电池,在850℃下最大功率密度达到335 mW·cm^(-2)。展开更多
Understanding the role of lattice vibrations on first-order magnetic transitions is essential for their fundamental description, as well as for the optimization of the related functional properties. Here, we present a...Understanding the role of lattice vibrations on first-order magnetic transitions is essential for their fundamental description, as well as for the optimization of the related functional properties. Here, we present a first principles study on the lattice dynamics of the MnFeP_(0.5)Si_(0.5) compound. The phonon spectra are obtained by Density Functional Theory(DFT) calculations in combination with frozen phonon method.DFT calculations reproduce most of the features observed in experiments including the lattice softening across the magnetic phase transition and the pronounced shift of phonon peak. The site projected phonon density of states(pDOS) shows that the local vibrations of Mn atoms have an essential contribution to the overall lattice softening. Moreover, the local lattice vibrations of Mn atoms are rather featureless in the paramagnetic state(PM) and thus the total pDOS evolution across the transition appears to be dominated by Fe. The lattice vibrations of both Fe and Mn in the PM state are very sensitive to the local environment,which shows that the magnetic order and the local chemical environment are strongly coupled in this compound.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51602188)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar)by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No. TP2015040)
文摘Thermal barrier coating(TBC) materials play important roles in gas turbine engines to protect the Nibased super-alloys from the high temperature airflow damage. High melting point, ultra-low thermal conductivity, large thermal expansion coefficient, excellent damage tolerance and moderate mechanical properties are the main requirements of promising TBC materials. In order to improve the efficiency of jet and/or gas turbine engines, which is the key of improved thrust-to-weight ratios and the energysaving, significant efforts have been made on searching for enhanced TBC materials. Theoretically, density functional theory has been successfully used in scanning the structure and properties of materials, and at the same time predicting the mechanical and thermal properties of promising TBC materials for high and ultrahigh temperature applications, which are validated by subsequent experiments. Experimentally,doping and/or alloying are also widely applied to further decrease their thermal conductivities. Now, the strategy through combining theoretical calculations and experiments on searching for next generation thermal insulator materials is widely adopted. In this review, the common used techniques and the recent advantages on searching for promising TBC materials in both theory and experiments are summarized.
文摘Cr2AlC is an unusual layered ternary ceramic that combines the merits of both metals and ceramics. The salient properties of Cr2AlC are strongly related to its bonding characteristics and microstructures. Synthesis, microstructure, and property of Cr2AlC are reviewed in this paper. First, theoretical calculations and physical properties are introduced. Then, the processing of Cr2AlC ceramic in both bulk form and thin films and their basic mechanical properties are summarized. Atomic-scale characterizations of Cr2AlC, as well as the microstructural relationships among Cr2AlC, AlCr5, and AlCr2 were achieved using a series of transmission electron microscopy （TEM） techniques. Moreover, high-temperature oxidation and hot corrosion behaviors of Cr2AlC were investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and TEM. Mechanism of the excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance of Cr2AlC is discussed based on systematic microstructural analyses. Finally, concise conclusions are drawn.
文摘采用CALPHAD(calculation of phase diagram)方法对Fe-V和Ni-V二元系进行了热力学优化,并结合第一性原理计算,利用(A,B)_(10)(A,B)_(4)(A,B)_(16)三亚点阵模型描述σ相,首次成功地描述了σ相的占位分数。使用优化的模型参数不仅可以描述Fe-V和Ni-V系热化学性质,而且可以很好地重现Fe-V和Ni-V系的相平衡关系,为高熵合金多组元热力学数据库的建立奠定基础。
文摘为获得高性能ReBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ)对称电极材料,本工作通过第一性原理计算分析了不同稀土元素(La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Gd,Y)对材料结构和性能的影响。计算结果表明LaBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ)不易形成层状钙钛矿结构,Gd Ba Mn_(2)O_(5+δ)的结合能最高,对应结构稳定性最好,而Nd Ba Mn_(2)O_(5+δ)则具有较小的Mn 3d和O_(2)p轨道之间的能量差、以及较低的O_(2)p轨道中心与Fermi面的能量差,对应材料较高的电导率和优异的催化活性。选用La,Nd和Gd作为A位元素进行实验研究。结果表明,LaBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ)难以形成单相钙钛矿,但成功合成了具有层状结构的Nd Ba Mn_(2)O_(5+δ)和Gd BaMn_(2)O_(5+δ),其在氧化和还原气氛下均保持良好的结构稳定性。相比于Gd Ba Mn_(2)O_(5+δ),Nd Ba Mn_(2)O_(5+δ)在空气和5%(体积分数) H2/Ar中均具有较高的电导率。且Nd Ba Mn_(2)O_(5+δ)电极在空气和氢气气氛下的极化阻抗均小于GdBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ),表现出更强的催化活性。以NdBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ)为对称电极,300μm的La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Ga_(0.8)Mg0.2O_(3)–δ为电解质制备的对称全电池,在850℃下最大功率密度达到335 mW·cm^(-2)。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11464037,51161017 and51531008)
文摘Understanding the role of lattice vibrations on first-order magnetic transitions is essential for their fundamental description, as well as for the optimization of the related functional properties. Here, we present a first principles study on the lattice dynamics of the MnFeP_(0.5)Si_(0.5) compound. The phonon spectra are obtained by Density Functional Theory(DFT) calculations in combination with frozen phonon method.DFT calculations reproduce most of the features observed in experiments including the lattice softening across the magnetic phase transition and the pronounced shift of phonon peak. The site projected phonon density of states(pDOS) shows that the local vibrations of Mn atoms have an essential contribution to the overall lattice softening. Moreover, the local lattice vibrations of Mn atoms are rather featureless in the paramagnetic state(PM) and thus the total pDOS evolution across the transition appears to be dominated by Fe. The lattice vibrations of both Fe and Mn in the PM state are very sensitive to the local environment,which shows that the magnetic order and the local chemical environment are strongly coupled in this compound.
