全球气候变暖与氮沉降是两个同时存在的全球变化主要因素,但目前关于二者的研究多以单因子为主。细根碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)浓度影响着森林生态系统生产力与碳汇,然而目前关于气候变暖与N沉降对细根化学组成元素的影响尚不清楚。本研究在...全球气候变暖与氮沉降是两个同时存在的全球变化主要因素,但目前关于二者的研究多以单因子为主。细根碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)浓度影响着森林生态系统生产力与碳汇,然而目前关于气候变暖与N沉降对细根化学组成元素的影响尚不清楚。本研究在福建三明森林生态系统与全球变化研究站陈大观测点开展增温(W,+4℃)与N添加(N,+40 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1)双因子试验,探讨增温与N添加对杉木细根C、N、P化学计量学的影响。结果表明:(1)增温提高了春季细根N浓度,对细根C与P浓度则无显著影响;增温降低了春季细根C∶N,对细根N∶P无显著影响。(2)N添加提高了细根C浓度与春季细根N浓度,对细根P浓度则无显著影响;N添加降低了春季细根C∶N,提高了春季细根N∶P。(3)增温与N添加的交互作用对春季1~2 mm径级细根C浓度有显著影响,但对0~1 mm径级细根C浓度无显著影响,并且增温与N添加的交互作用对细根N与P浓度均无显著影响。本研究表明,增温与N添加会促进亚热带森林生态系统养分循环,N添加并未改变亚热带杉木人工林N限制现状;增温与N添加的交互作用对细根C、N、P元素的影响并不一致,受苗木C投资权衡与生长稀释效应所调节。展开更多
The ultra-fine grained(UFG)pure titanium was prepared by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)and rotary swaging(RS).The strain controlled low cycle fatigue(LCF)test was carried out at room temperature.The fatigue life...The ultra-fine grained(UFG)pure titanium was prepared by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)and rotary swaging(RS).The strain controlled low cycle fatigue(LCF)test was carried out at room temperature.The fatigue life prediction model and mean stress relaxation model under asymmetrical stress load were discussed.The results show that the strain ratio has a significant effect on the low cycle fatigue performance of the UFG pure titanium,and the traditional Manson-coffin model can not accurately predict the fatigue life under asymmetric stress load.Therefore,the SWT mean stress correction model and three-parameter power curve model are proposed,and the test results are verified.The final research shows that the threeparameter power surface model has better representation.By studying the mean stress relaxation phenomenon under the condition of R≠-1,it is revealed that the stress ratio and the strain amplitude are the factors that significantly afiect the mean stress relaxation rate,and the mean stress relaxation model with the two variables is calculated to describe the mean stress relaxation phenomenon of the UFG pure titanium under different strain ratios.The fracture morphology of the samples was observed by SEM,and it was concluded that the final fracture zone of the fatigue fracture of the UFG pure titanium was a mixture of ductile fracture and quasi cleavage fracture.The toughness of the material increases with the increase of strain ratio at the same strain amplitude.展开更多
文摘全球气候变暖与氮沉降是两个同时存在的全球变化主要因素,但目前关于二者的研究多以单因子为主。细根碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)浓度影响着森林生态系统生产力与碳汇,然而目前关于气候变暖与N沉降对细根化学组成元素的影响尚不清楚。本研究在福建三明森林生态系统与全球变化研究站陈大观测点开展增温(W,+4℃)与N添加(N,+40 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1)双因子试验,探讨增温与N添加对杉木细根C、N、P化学计量学的影响。结果表明:(1)增温提高了春季细根N浓度,对细根C与P浓度则无显著影响;增温降低了春季细根C∶N,对细根N∶P无显著影响。(2)N添加提高了细根C浓度与春季细根N浓度,对细根P浓度则无显著影响;N添加降低了春季细根C∶N,提高了春季细根N∶P。(3)增温与N添加的交互作用对春季1~2 mm径级细根C浓度有显著影响,但对0~1 mm径级细根C浓度无显著影响,并且增温与N添加的交互作用对细根N与P浓度均无显著影响。本研究表明,增温与N添加会促进亚热带森林生态系统养分循环,N添加并未改变亚热带杉木人工林N限制现状;增温与N添加的交互作用对细根C、N、P元素的影响并不一致,受苗木C投资权衡与生长稀释效应所调节。
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51474170)the Key Laboratory Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.20js075)。
文摘The ultra-fine grained(UFG)pure titanium was prepared by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)and rotary swaging(RS).The strain controlled low cycle fatigue(LCF)test was carried out at room temperature.The fatigue life prediction model and mean stress relaxation model under asymmetrical stress load were discussed.The results show that the strain ratio has a significant effect on the low cycle fatigue performance of the UFG pure titanium,and the traditional Manson-coffin model can not accurately predict the fatigue life under asymmetric stress load.Therefore,the SWT mean stress correction model and three-parameter power curve model are proposed,and the test results are verified.The final research shows that the threeparameter power surface model has better representation.By studying the mean stress relaxation phenomenon under the condition of R≠-1,it is revealed that the stress ratio and the strain amplitude are the factors that significantly afiect the mean stress relaxation rate,and the mean stress relaxation model with the two variables is calculated to describe the mean stress relaxation phenomenon of the UFG pure titanium under different strain ratios.The fracture morphology of the samples was observed by SEM,and it was concluded that the final fracture zone of the fatigue fracture of the UFG pure titanium was a mixture of ductile fracture and quasi cleavage fracture.The toughness of the material increases with the increase of strain ratio at the same strain amplitude.
