Background:Sows are frequently subjected to various stresses during late gestation and lactation,which trigger inflammatory response and metabolic disorders.Dietary fiber can influence animal health by modulating gut ...Background:Sows are frequently subjected to various stresses during late gestation and lactation,which trigger inflammatory response and metabolic disorders.Dietary fiber can influence animal health by modulating gut microbiota and their by-products,with the effects depending upon the source of the dietary fiber.This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of different fiber sources on body condition,serum biochemical parameters,inflammatory responses and fecal microbiota in sows from late gestation to lactation.Methods:Forty-five multiparous sows(Yorkshire×Landrace;3–6 parity)were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments from d 85 of gestation to the end of lactation(d 21 post-farrowing):a control diet(CON,a corn-soybean meal diet),a sugar beet pulp diet(SBP,20%SBP during gestation and 10%SBP during lactation),and a wheat bran diet(WB,30%WB during gestation and 15%WB during lactation).Results:Compared with CON,supplementation of SBP decreased(P<0.05)lactation BW loss,reduced(P<0.05)serum concentration of total cholesterol,non-esterified fatty acids,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α,and increased(P<0.05)fecal water content on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation,while supplementation of WB reduced(P<0.05)serum concentration of total cholesterol on d 110 of gestation,increased(P<0.05)fecal water content and decreased(P<0.05)serum interleukin-6 concentration on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation.In addition,sows fed SBP had lower(P<0.01)abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Terrisporobacter than those fed CON,but had greater(P<0.05)abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 than those fed the other two diets on d 110 of gestation.On d 21 of lactation,supplementation of SBP decreased(P<0.05)the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus,but enriched(P<0.05)the abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group,Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002,Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae compared with WB.Compared with CON,sows fed SBP had great展开更多
A hybrid integrated low-noise linear chirp frequency-modulated continuous-wave(FMCW)laser source with a wide frequency bandwidth is demonstrated.By employing two-dimensional thermal tuning,the laser source shows frequ...A hybrid integrated low-noise linear chirp frequency-modulated continuous-wave(FMCW)laser source with a wide frequency bandwidth is demonstrated.By employing two-dimensional thermal tuning,the laser source shows frequency modulation bandwidth of 10.3 GHz at 100 Hz chirped frequency and 5.6 GHz at 1 kHz chirped frequency.The intrinsic linewidth of 49.9 Hz with 42 GHz continuous frequency tuning bandwidth is measured under static operation.Furthermore,by pre-distortion linearization of the laser source,it can distinguish 3 m length difference at 45 km distance in the fiber length measurement experiment,demonstrating its application potential in ultra-long fiber sensing and FMCW light detection and ranging.展开更多
This study examined the impacts of different fiber sources on growth,immune status and gut health in weaned piglets fed antibiotic-free diets.Sixty piglets(BW=8.18±1.35 kg)were assigned to 3 dietary treatments ba...This study examined the impacts of different fiber sources on growth,immune status and gut health in weaned piglets fed antibiotic-free diets.Sixty piglets(BW=8.18±1.35 kg)were assigned to 3 dietary treatments based on BW and gender in a randomized complete block design(5 replicates/treatment and 4 piglets[2 barrows and 2 gilts]/replicate):(1)an antibiotic-free diet(control,CON);(2)CON+6%wheat bran(WB);(3)CON+4%sugar beet pulp(SBP).Dietary WB supplementation tended to increase ADG compared with CON from d 1 to 14(P-0.051)and from d 1 to 28(P-0.099).Supplementation of WB increased(P<0.05)G∶F compared with CON and SBP from d 1 to 14 and from d 1 to 28.Compared with CON,the addition of WB reduced(P<0.05)diarrhea rate from d 1 to 14 and tended(P=0.054)to reduce diarrhea rate from d 1 to 28.The addition of WB decreased(P<0.05)serum diamine oxidase activity on d 14,and up-regulated(P<0.05)ileal mRNA levels of occludin on d 28 when compared with CON.Piglets fed WB showed decreased(P<0.05)serum interleukin-6 levels compared to those fed SBP and decreased(P<0.05)ileal interleukin-8 levels compared to those fed CON and SBP on d 28.Supple-mentation of WB increased(P<0.05)serum levels of immunoglobulin A(IgA),IgG and IgM compared with SBP on d 14,and increased(P<0.05)the levels of serum IgA and ileal sIgA compared with CON and SBP on d 28.Piglets fed WB showed an enhanced(P<0.05)α-diversity of cecal microbiota than those fed SBP,while piglets fed SBP showed reduced(P<0.05)α-diversity of cecal microbiota than those fed CON.Compared with CON,the addition of WB elevated(P<0.05)the abundance of Lachnospira and cecal butyric acid level.Piglets fed WB also showed increased(P<0.05)abundances of Lachnospira and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae compared with those fed SBP.Collectively,the supplementation of WB to antibiotic-free diets improved performance,immune responses,gut barrier function and microbiota compared with the CON and SBP fed piglets.Therefore,supplementing weaned piglets with WB was more effective than SBP.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772612)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(6202019).
文摘Background:Sows are frequently subjected to various stresses during late gestation and lactation,which trigger inflammatory response and metabolic disorders.Dietary fiber can influence animal health by modulating gut microbiota and their by-products,with the effects depending upon the source of the dietary fiber.This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of different fiber sources on body condition,serum biochemical parameters,inflammatory responses and fecal microbiota in sows from late gestation to lactation.Methods:Forty-five multiparous sows(Yorkshire×Landrace;3–6 parity)were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments from d 85 of gestation to the end of lactation(d 21 post-farrowing):a control diet(CON,a corn-soybean meal diet),a sugar beet pulp diet(SBP,20%SBP during gestation and 10%SBP during lactation),and a wheat bran diet(WB,30%WB during gestation and 15%WB during lactation).Results:Compared with CON,supplementation of SBP decreased(P<0.05)lactation BW loss,reduced(P<0.05)serum concentration of total cholesterol,non-esterified fatty acids,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α,and increased(P<0.05)fecal water content on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation,while supplementation of WB reduced(P<0.05)serum concentration of total cholesterol on d 110 of gestation,increased(P<0.05)fecal water content and decreased(P<0.05)serum interleukin-6 concentration on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation.In addition,sows fed SBP had lower(P<0.01)abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Terrisporobacter than those fed CON,but had greater(P<0.05)abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 than those fed the other two diets on d 110 of gestation.On d 21 of lactation,supplementation of SBP decreased(P<0.05)the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus,but enriched(P<0.05)the abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group,Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002,Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae compared with WB.Compared with CON,sows fed SBP had great
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB2201802)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61771285).
文摘A hybrid integrated low-noise linear chirp frequency-modulated continuous-wave(FMCW)laser source with a wide frequency bandwidth is demonstrated.By employing two-dimensional thermal tuning,the laser source shows frequency modulation bandwidth of 10.3 GHz at 100 Hz chirped frequency and 5.6 GHz at 1 kHz chirped frequency.The intrinsic linewidth of 49.9 Hz with 42 GHz continuous frequency tuning bandwidth is measured under static operation.Furthermore,by pre-distortion linearization of the laser source,it can distinguish 3 m length difference at 45 km distance in the fiber length measurement experiment,demonstrating its application potential in ultra-long fiber sensing and FMCW light detection and ranging.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772612)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(6202019).
文摘This study examined the impacts of different fiber sources on growth,immune status and gut health in weaned piglets fed antibiotic-free diets.Sixty piglets(BW=8.18±1.35 kg)were assigned to 3 dietary treatments based on BW and gender in a randomized complete block design(5 replicates/treatment and 4 piglets[2 barrows and 2 gilts]/replicate):(1)an antibiotic-free diet(control,CON);(2)CON+6%wheat bran(WB);(3)CON+4%sugar beet pulp(SBP).Dietary WB supplementation tended to increase ADG compared with CON from d 1 to 14(P-0.051)and from d 1 to 28(P-0.099).Supplementation of WB increased(P<0.05)G∶F compared with CON and SBP from d 1 to 14 and from d 1 to 28.Compared with CON,the addition of WB reduced(P<0.05)diarrhea rate from d 1 to 14 and tended(P=0.054)to reduce diarrhea rate from d 1 to 28.The addition of WB decreased(P<0.05)serum diamine oxidase activity on d 14,and up-regulated(P<0.05)ileal mRNA levels of occludin on d 28 when compared with CON.Piglets fed WB showed decreased(P<0.05)serum interleukin-6 levels compared to those fed SBP and decreased(P<0.05)ileal interleukin-8 levels compared to those fed CON and SBP on d 28.Supple-mentation of WB increased(P<0.05)serum levels of immunoglobulin A(IgA),IgG and IgM compared with SBP on d 14,and increased(P<0.05)the levels of serum IgA and ileal sIgA compared with CON and SBP on d 28.Piglets fed WB showed an enhanced(P<0.05)α-diversity of cecal microbiota than those fed SBP,while piglets fed SBP showed reduced(P<0.05)α-diversity of cecal microbiota than those fed CON.Compared with CON,the addition of WB elevated(P<0.05)the abundance of Lachnospira and cecal butyric acid level.Piglets fed WB also showed increased(P<0.05)abundances of Lachnospira and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae compared with those fed SBP.Collectively,the supplementation of WB to antibiotic-free diets improved performance,immune responses,gut barrier function and microbiota compared with the CON and SBP fed piglets.Therefore,supplementing weaned piglets with WB was more effective than SBP.
