Metal oxide charge transport materials are preferable for realizing long-term stable and potentially low-cost perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,due to some technical difficulties(e.g.,intricate fabrication protocol...Metal oxide charge transport materials are preferable for realizing long-term stable and potentially low-cost perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,due to some technical difficulties(e.g.,intricate fabrication protocols,high-temperature heating process,incompatible solvents,etc.),it is still challenging to achieve efficient and reliable all-metal-oxide-based devices.Here,we developed efficient inverted PSCs(IPSCs)based on solution-processed nickel oxide(NiO_(x))and tin oxide(SnO_(2))nanoparticles,working as hole and electron transport materials respectively,enabling a fast and balanced charge transfer for photogenerated charge carriers.Through further understanding and optimizing the perovskite/metal oxide interfaces,we have realized an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.5%(the bandgap of the perovskite is 1.62 eV),which is the highest efficiency among IPSCs based on all-metal-oxide charge transport materials.Thanks to these stable metal oxides and improved interface properties,ambient stability(retaining 95%of initial PCE after 1 month),thermal stability(retaining 80%of initial PCE after 2 weeks)and light stability(retaining 90%of initial PCE after 1000 hours aging)of resultant devices are enhanced significantly.In addition,owing to the low-temperature fabrication procedures of the entire device,we have obtained a PCE of over 21%for flexible IPSCs with enhanced operational stability.展开更多
电力系统中风电场的接入对一些安全自动装置产生影响。风电场的存在将影响传统备自投装置检无压和检无流的逻辑判断,可能导致备自投装置无法正常投切。为此对带有风电场的负荷母线残压、冲击电压和冲击电流的变化规律进行分析,提出了一...电力系统中风电场的接入对一些安全自动装置产生影响。风电场的存在将影响传统备自投装置检无压和检无流的逻辑判断,可能导致备自投装置无法正常投切。为此对带有风电场的负荷母线残压、冲击电压和冲击电流的变化规律进行分析,提出了一种含风电场的备用电源的快速投切及其整定方法,以备用电源电压和残压间的差拍电压来整定投切条件,可以允许备用电源快速投切装置反应动作的时间更加充裕。以风电场接入某工矿企业6 k V变电站为例,用DIg SILENT软件进行仿真分析,验证了该方法能够减小备用电源投入时对系统的冲击,提高了投切的成功率和供电可靠性。展开更多
基金UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)New Investigator Award(2018,EP/R043272/1)Newton Advanced Fellowship(192097)for financial support+3 种基金the Royal Society,the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC,EP/R023980/1,EP/V027131/1)the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(HYPERION,Grant Agreement Number 756962)the Royal Society and Tata Group(UF150033)EPSRC SPECIFIC IKC(EP/N020863/1)
文摘Metal oxide charge transport materials are preferable for realizing long-term stable and potentially low-cost perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,due to some technical difficulties(e.g.,intricate fabrication protocols,high-temperature heating process,incompatible solvents,etc.),it is still challenging to achieve efficient and reliable all-metal-oxide-based devices.Here,we developed efficient inverted PSCs(IPSCs)based on solution-processed nickel oxide(NiO_(x))and tin oxide(SnO_(2))nanoparticles,working as hole and electron transport materials respectively,enabling a fast and balanced charge transfer for photogenerated charge carriers.Through further understanding and optimizing the perovskite/metal oxide interfaces,we have realized an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.5%(the bandgap of the perovskite is 1.62 eV),which is the highest efficiency among IPSCs based on all-metal-oxide charge transport materials.Thanks to these stable metal oxides and improved interface properties,ambient stability(retaining 95%of initial PCE after 1 month),thermal stability(retaining 80%of initial PCE after 2 weeks)and light stability(retaining 90%of initial PCE after 1000 hours aging)of resultant devices are enhanced significantly.In addition,owing to the low-temperature fabrication procedures of the entire device,we have obtained a PCE of over 21%for flexible IPSCs with enhanced operational stability.
文摘电力系统中风电场的接入对一些安全自动装置产生影响。风电场的存在将影响传统备自投装置检无压和检无流的逻辑判断,可能导致备自投装置无法正常投切。为此对带有风电场的负荷母线残压、冲击电压和冲击电流的变化规律进行分析,提出了一种含风电场的备用电源的快速投切及其整定方法,以备用电源电压和残压间的差拍电压来整定投切条件,可以允许备用电源快速投切装置反应动作的时间更加充裕。以风电场接入某工矿企业6 k V变电站为例,用DIg SILENT软件进行仿真分析,验证了该方法能够减小备用电源投入时对系统的冲击,提高了投切的成功率和供电可靠性。
