Background Tamsulosin, an alpha-1 receptor antagonist, has been demonstrated effective in promoting distal ureteral stone passage and in reducing pain associated with stone expulsion. This study aimed to evaluate the ...Background Tamsulosin, an alpha-1 receptor antagonist, has been demonstrated effective in promoting distal ureteral stone passage and in reducing pain associated with stone expulsion. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tamsulosin in comparison with nifedipine and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy （ESWL） on the expulsion rate of distal ureteral stones at different sizes. Methods We assigned 314 patients to three categories： Ⅰ, the stone with maximal diameter of 4.0-5.9 mm; Ⅱ, 6.0-7.9 mm, and Ⅲ, 8.0-9.9 mm. Patients in each category were randomly subdivided into three treatment subgroups： group A （nifedipine group）, group B （tamsulosin group）, and group C （ESWL group）. Stone-free rate and the dose of analgesics were recorded weekly during the 4-week follow-up period. Results Three hundred and three patients completed the study. The results showed that nifedipine and tamsulosin treatments promoted a small （4-8 mm, categories Ⅰ and Ⅱ） stone expulsive rate that was comparable with ESWL treatment. Nonetheless, when the stone diameter was 8.0-9.9 mm, ESWL showed a greater stone free rate than nifedipine and tamsulosin treatments; no significant difference existed between the latter two therapies. Although the ESWL treatment group required the least analgesics, tamsulosin treatments required less pain medication than nifedipine （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Tamsulosin treatment is recommended for patients with the stone diameter smaller than 8 mm because of its feasibility, effectiveness and safety. ESWL is more appropriate than tamsulosin therapy for the patients whose stones are larger than 8 mm.展开更多
Introduction: One of the most common disorders of the urinary tract is Urolithiasis. Twenty percent of lithiasis are located in the ureter of which 68% are seen in the distal ureter. The concept of medical expulsive t...Introduction: One of the most common disorders of the urinary tract is Urolithiasis. Twenty percent of lithiasis are located in the ureter of which 68% are seen in the distal ureter. The concept of medical expulsive therapy (MET) has been developed with enough knowledge of the ureter physiology in order to make easier the spontaneous expulsion of the stone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three different drugs for the treatment of pelvic ureteral stones. Materiel and Methods: Between October 2017 and November 2018, 90 adult patients presenting with low or non-obstructive pelvic ureteral stones sized 8 to 10 mm were included. They were prospectively randomized, using computer-based randomization charts, into three equal groups: treatment with ketoprofen 100 mg once daily (Group I), silodosin 8 mg once daily (Group II) and tadalafil 5 mg once daily (Group III). The aim was to compare spontaneous expulsion of stone between those drugs Results: The mean expulsion time from the start of MET was 11.5 ± 3.27 days for ketoprofen group, 10.71 ± 3.98 days for silodosin group and 10.57 ± 3.40 days for tadalafil group. But these differences were also not significant (P = 0.79). The use of analgesics (grade II) was higher in groups II and III compared to group I, but without significant difference (23.33% in group I, 33.33% in group II and 40% in group III, p = 0.38). Discussion: The overall chance of spontaneous passage is low when the stone diameter is sized more than 7 mm. A wide range of spontaneous passage rates have been reported in the literature, varying from 71% to 98% for distal ureteral stones less than 5 mm and 25% - 53% for stone sized 5 to 10 mm with a mean expulsion time of more than 10 days. Conclusion: The three drugs have a low expulsion rate for 8, 9 and 10 mm pelvic ureteral stones with a higher adverse event rate for the NSAID group.展开更多
Over half a million patients present to emergency departments and nearly 3 million patients visit healthcare providers annually due to problems associated with urolithiasis.Despite updated guidelines from the American...Over half a million patients present to emergency departments and nearly 3 million patients visit healthcare providers annually due to problems associated with urolithiasis.Despite updated guidelines from the American Urological Association and European Association of Urology for the evaluation and management of nephrolithiasis,considerable variability still exists regarding treatment for acute symptomatic upper urinary tract stones.Therefore,this article will review the current evaluation and management of acute symptomatic nephrolithiasis.Initial management includes analgesia and antiemetics.Additionally,a urinalysis and creatinine are required laboratory evaluations.Acute imaging with a non-contrast computed tomography(CT)scan is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice.However,concerns over radiation exposure have led towards low-dose and even ultra-low-dose protocols for the detection of urinary calculi.Low-dose non-contrast CT scans are now standard of care for the initial diagnosis of renal colic in patients with a body mass index≤30.Medical expulsive therapy is recommended for patients with a ureteral calculus<10 mm and no signs of infection.Emergency urinary decompression is mandatory for a specific subset of patients,especially those with infection.Although limited data exists,emergency ureteroscopy or even shock wave lithotripsy may also betherapeutic options.展开更多
目的比较硝苯地平与坦索罗新两种药物在药物排石治疗中的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索Pubmed、Cochrane和Embase等数据库,查找所有比较硝苯地平与坦索罗新治疗下段输尿管结石的临床随机对照试验（RCT）,检索时限为建库至2014年1月16日...目的比较硝苯地平与坦索罗新两种药物在药物排石治疗中的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索Pubmed、Cochrane和Embase等数据库,查找所有比较硝苯地平与坦索罗新治疗下段输尿管结石的临床随机对照试验（RCT）,检索时限为建库至2014年1月16日。同时手检纳入文献的参考文献。按纳入排除标准由两人独立进行RCT的筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用Rev Man 5.2软件进行meta分析,并采用证据质量分级和推荐强度（GRADE）系统进行证据质量评价。结果共纳入5个研究,3 708例患者。meta分析结果显示：1在有效性方面：5个研究均比较了排石率,坦索罗新组排石率高于硝苯地平组,差异有统计学意义（RR为0.77,95%CI为0.75-0.80,P=0.02）。4个研究比较了排石时间（d）,其中1个研究显示两者差异无统计学意义（P=0.2）,另外3个研究均显示两者差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）,坦索罗新组排石时间较硝苯地平组短。5个研究均比较了镇痛效果,其中1个研究显示两者双氯芬酸使用剂量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,另外4个研究均显示两者治疗双氯芬酸使用剂量差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。2在安全性方面：两组在轻微不良反应发生率和严重不良反应发生率上差异均无统计学意义（RR为1.61,95%CI为0.59-4.38,P=0.35;RR为0.43,95%CI为0.06-2.89,P=0.38）。结论硝苯地平跟坦索罗新相比,坦索罗新组排石率高于硝苯地平组,而两者不良反应发生率相似;此外,坦索罗新组在缩短排石时间和减少镇痛剂使用量方面优于硝苯地平组。下段输尿管结石的药物治疗首选坦索罗新。展开更多
C urrently, the predominant therapy for urinary calculi is minimally invasive treatment, which could reduce injury to patients while enhancing the success rate, compared to traditional open surgery. Minimally invasive...C urrently, the predominant therapy for urinary calculi is minimally invasive treatment, which could reduce injury to patients while enhancing the success rate, compared to traditional open surgery. Minimally invasive treatments in urinary system include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy （ESWL）, percutaneous nephro- stolithotomy （PCNL）, ureteroscopic lithotripsy （URSL）, laparoscopy, and so on. Despite the relative small injury,展开更多
文摘Background Tamsulosin, an alpha-1 receptor antagonist, has been demonstrated effective in promoting distal ureteral stone passage and in reducing pain associated with stone expulsion. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tamsulosin in comparison with nifedipine and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy （ESWL） on the expulsion rate of distal ureteral stones at different sizes. Methods We assigned 314 patients to three categories： Ⅰ, the stone with maximal diameter of 4.0-5.9 mm; Ⅱ, 6.0-7.9 mm, and Ⅲ, 8.0-9.9 mm. Patients in each category were randomly subdivided into three treatment subgroups： group A （nifedipine group）, group B （tamsulosin group）, and group C （ESWL group）. Stone-free rate and the dose of analgesics were recorded weekly during the 4-week follow-up period. Results Three hundred and three patients completed the study. The results showed that nifedipine and tamsulosin treatments promoted a small （4-8 mm, categories Ⅰ and Ⅱ） stone expulsive rate that was comparable with ESWL treatment. Nonetheless, when the stone diameter was 8.0-9.9 mm, ESWL showed a greater stone free rate than nifedipine and tamsulosin treatments; no significant difference existed between the latter two therapies. Although the ESWL treatment group required the least analgesics, tamsulosin treatments required less pain medication than nifedipine （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Tamsulosin treatment is recommended for patients with the stone diameter smaller than 8 mm because of its feasibility, effectiveness and safety. ESWL is more appropriate than tamsulosin therapy for the patients whose stones are larger than 8 mm.
文摘Introduction: One of the most common disorders of the urinary tract is Urolithiasis. Twenty percent of lithiasis are located in the ureter of which 68% are seen in the distal ureter. The concept of medical expulsive therapy (MET) has been developed with enough knowledge of the ureter physiology in order to make easier the spontaneous expulsion of the stone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three different drugs for the treatment of pelvic ureteral stones. Materiel and Methods: Between October 2017 and November 2018, 90 adult patients presenting with low or non-obstructive pelvic ureteral stones sized 8 to 10 mm were included. They were prospectively randomized, using computer-based randomization charts, into three equal groups: treatment with ketoprofen 100 mg once daily (Group I), silodosin 8 mg once daily (Group II) and tadalafil 5 mg once daily (Group III). The aim was to compare spontaneous expulsion of stone between those drugs Results: The mean expulsion time from the start of MET was 11.5 ± 3.27 days for ketoprofen group, 10.71 ± 3.98 days for silodosin group and 10.57 ± 3.40 days for tadalafil group. But these differences were also not significant (P = 0.79). The use of analgesics (grade II) was higher in groups II and III compared to group I, but without significant difference (23.33% in group I, 33.33% in group II and 40% in group III, p = 0.38). Discussion: The overall chance of spontaneous passage is low when the stone diameter is sized more than 7 mm. A wide range of spontaneous passage rates have been reported in the literature, varying from 71% to 98% for distal ureteral stones less than 5 mm and 25% - 53% for stone sized 5 to 10 mm with a mean expulsion time of more than 10 days. Conclusion: The three drugs have a low expulsion rate for 8, 9 and 10 mm pelvic ureteral stones with a higher adverse event rate for the NSAID group.
文摘Over half a million patients present to emergency departments and nearly 3 million patients visit healthcare providers annually due to problems associated with urolithiasis.Despite updated guidelines from the American Urological Association and European Association of Urology for the evaluation and management of nephrolithiasis,considerable variability still exists regarding treatment for acute symptomatic upper urinary tract stones.Therefore,this article will review the current evaluation and management of acute symptomatic nephrolithiasis.Initial management includes analgesia and antiemetics.Additionally,a urinalysis and creatinine are required laboratory evaluations.Acute imaging with a non-contrast computed tomography(CT)scan is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice.However,concerns over radiation exposure have led towards low-dose and even ultra-low-dose protocols for the detection of urinary calculi.Low-dose non-contrast CT scans are now standard of care for the initial diagnosis of renal colic in patients with a body mass index≤30.Medical expulsive therapy is recommended for patients with a ureteral calculus<10 mm and no signs of infection.Emergency urinary decompression is mandatory for a specific subset of patients,especially those with infection.Although limited data exists,emergency ureteroscopy or even shock wave lithotripsy may also betherapeutic options.
文摘目的比较硝苯地平与坦索罗新两种药物在药物排石治疗中的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索Pubmed、Cochrane和Embase等数据库,查找所有比较硝苯地平与坦索罗新治疗下段输尿管结石的临床随机对照试验（RCT）,检索时限为建库至2014年1月16日。同时手检纳入文献的参考文献。按纳入排除标准由两人独立进行RCT的筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用Rev Man 5.2软件进行meta分析,并采用证据质量分级和推荐强度（GRADE）系统进行证据质量评价。结果共纳入5个研究,3 708例患者。meta分析结果显示：1在有效性方面：5个研究均比较了排石率,坦索罗新组排石率高于硝苯地平组,差异有统计学意义（RR为0.77,95%CI为0.75-0.80,P=0.02）。4个研究比较了排石时间（d）,其中1个研究显示两者差异无统计学意义（P=0.2）,另外3个研究均显示两者差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.01）,坦索罗新组排石时间较硝苯地平组短。5个研究均比较了镇痛效果,其中1个研究显示两者双氯芬酸使用剂量差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,另外4个研究均显示两者治疗双氯芬酸使用剂量差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。2在安全性方面：两组在轻微不良反应发生率和严重不良反应发生率上差异均无统计学意义（RR为1.61,95%CI为0.59-4.38,P=0.35;RR为0.43,95%CI为0.06-2.89,P=0.38）。结论硝苯地平跟坦索罗新相比,坦索罗新组排石率高于硝苯地平组,而两者不良反应发生率相似;此外,坦索罗新组在缩短排石时间和减少镇痛剂使用量方面优于硝苯地平组。下段输尿管结石的药物治疗首选坦索罗新。
文摘C urrently, the predominant therapy for urinary calculi is minimally invasive treatment, which could reduce injury to patients while enhancing the success rate, compared to traditional open surgery. Minimally invasive treatments in urinary system include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy （ESWL）, percutaneous nephro- stolithotomy （PCNL）, ureteroscopic lithotripsy （URSL）, laparoscopy, and so on. Despite the relative small injury,
