当前农民过量和不平衡施用化肥现象严重,导致肥料利用率降低,影响到农田的可持续利用。因此,发展适合我国农业生产特点的养分管理和施肥方法尤为重要。本文介绍了基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥新方法,该方法是以改进的SSNM(Site...当前农民过量和不平衡施用化肥现象严重,导致肥料利用率降低,影响到农田的可持续利用。因此,发展适合我国农业生产特点的养分管理和施肥方法尤为重要。本文介绍了基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥新方法,该方法是以改进的SSNM(Site-specific Nutrient Management)和改进的QUEFTS(Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils)模型参数为指导的养分管理和推荐施肥为原则,同时考虑大、中微量元素的全面平衡,并应用计算机软件技术把复杂和综合的养分管理原则智能化形成可为当地技术推广人员掌握的Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统。Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统在用户回答一些简单问题后就能给出基于作物栽培管理措施的推荐施肥套餐,包括作物种植密度、目标产量、推荐的养分用量及其可选用的物化的肥料用量,同时根据预知的作物生长季节推荐施肥的最佳时间和次数。通过跨区域田间多点验证试验证明,基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法是一种简单的易于掌握的作物增产增收、提高肥料利用率和保护环境的新方法。展开更多
Locoregional spread of abdominopelvic malignant tumors frequently results in peritoneal carcinomatosis(PC). The prognosis of PC patients treated by conventional systemic chemotherapy is poor, with a median survival of...Locoregional spread of abdominopelvic malignant tumors frequently results in peritoneal carcinomatosis(PC). The prognosis of PC patients treated by conventional systemic chemotherapy is poor, with a median survival of < 6 mo. However, over the past three decades, an integrated treatment strategy of cytoreductive surgery(CRS) + hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC) has been developed by the pioneering oncologists, with proved efficacy and safety in selected patients. Supported by several lines of clinical evidence from phases Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ clinical trials, CRS + HIPEC has been regarded as the standard treatment for selected patients with PC in many established cancer centers worldwide. In China, an expert consensus on CRS + HIPEC has been reached by the leading surgical and medical oncologists, under the framework of the China Anti-Cancer Association. This expert consensus has summarized the progress in PC clinical studies and systematically evaluated the CRS + HIPEC procedures in China as well as across the world, so as to lay the foundation for formulating PC treatment guidelines specific to the national conditions of China.展开更多
Literature review shows that Chinese medicine and other related treatment are still the main stream treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Currently,there is short of handbook guiding Chinese medicine from evidence-based me...Literature review shows that Chinese medicine and other related treatment are still the main stream treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Currently,there is short of handbook guiding Chinese medicine from evidence-based medical evidence,so it is a top priority to develop a clinical guideline from the expert consensus.After several rounds of discussion during the conference and examination by letter,which has collected opinions from nearly one hundred experts,consensus was reached.Nonpharmacologic interventions include health education,medical exercise,acupuncture,massage,acupotomology,and physiotherapy.Pharmacological interventions are as follows.Topical application includes fumigation,application,hot compressed,ironing and iontophoresis with Chinese herbs,etc.Chinese patent medicine for external use includes plaster,ointment,etc.Western medicine for external use mainly includes emulsion,ointment,plaster and embrocation containing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs（NSAIDs）.Intraarticular injection mainly includes sodium hyaluronic acid,chitosan（for injection） with prudent use of glucocorticoid.Chinese herbal medicine and Chinese patent medicine can be taken referring to syndrome differentiation which mainly includes syndromes of qi stagnation and blood stasis,cold dampness,deficiency of Gan（Liver） and Shen（Kidney）,deficiency of qi and blood.Western medicine mainly includes analgesic,NSAIDs,diseases modifying drugs.Surgery procedures mainly include joint irrigation,arthroscopic surgery,osteotomy,arthroplasty,etc.展开更多
Heat stroke(HS)is a fatal disease caused by thermal damage in the body,and it has a very high mortality rate.In 2015,the People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine published the first e...Heat stroke(HS)is a fatal disease caused by thermal damage in the body,and it has a very high mortality rate.In 2015,the People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine published the first expert consensus on HS in China,Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke.With an increased understanding of HS and new issues that emerged during the HS treatment in China in recent years,the 2015 consensus no longer meet the requirements for HS prevention and treatment.It is necessary to update the consensus to include the latest research evidence and establish a new consensus that has broader coverage,is more practical and is more in line with China’s national conditions.This new expert consensus includes new concept of HS,recommendations for laboratory tests and auxiliary examinations,new understanding of diagnosis and differential diagnosis,On-site emergency treatment and In-hospital treatment,translocation of HS patients and prevention of HS.展开更多
The Delphi technique is a systematic process of forecasting using the collective opinion of panel members.The structured method of developing consensus among panel members using Delphi methodology has gained acceptanc...The Delphi technique is a systematic process of forecasting using the collective opinion of panel members.The structured method of developing consensus among panel members using Delphi methodology has gained acceptance in diverse fields of medicine.The Delphi methods assumed a pivotal role in the last few decades to develop best practice guidance using collective intelligence where research is limited,ethically/logistically difficult or evidence is conflicting.However,the attempts to assess the quality standard of Delphi studies have reported significant variance,and details of the process followed are usually unclear.We recommend systematic quality tools for evaluation of Delphi methodology;identification of problem area of research,selection of panel,anonymity of panelists,controlled feedback,iterative Delphi rounds,consensus criteria,analysis of consensus,closing criteria,and stability of the results.Based on these nine qualitative evaluation points,we assessed the quality of Delphi studies in the medical field related to coronavirus disease 2019.There was inconsistency in reporting vital elements of Delphi methods such as identification of panel members,defining consensus,closing criteria for rounds,and presenting the results.We propose our evaluation points for researchers,medical journal editorial boards,and reviewers to evaluate the quality of the Delphi methods in healthcare research.展开更多
文摘当前农民过量和不平衡施用化肥现象严重,导致肥料利用率降低,影响到农田的可持续利用。因此,发展适合我国农业生产特点的养分管理和施肥方法尤为重要。本文介绍了基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥新方法,该方法是以改进的SSNM(Site-specific Nutrient Management)和改进的QUEFTS(Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils)模型参数为指导的养分管理和推荐施肥为原则,同时考虑大、中微量元素的全面平衡,并应用计算机软件技术把复杂和综合的养分管理原则智能化形成可为当地技术推广人员掌握的Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统。Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统在用户回答一些简单问题后就能给出基于作物栽培管理措施的推荐施肥套餐,包括作物种植密度、目标产量、推荐的养分用量及其可选用的物化的肥料用量,同时根据预知的作物生长季节推荐施肥的最佳时间和次数。通过跨区域田间多点验证试验证明,基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法是一种简单的易于掌握的作物增产增收、提高肥料利用率和保护环境的新方法。
基金Supported by Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81230031
文摘Locoregional spread of abdominopelvic malignant tumors frequently results in peritoneal carcinomatosis(PC). The prognosis of PC patients treated by conventional systemic chemotherapy is poor, with a median survival of < 6 mo. However, over the past three decades, an integrated treatment strategy of cytoreductive surgery(CRS) + hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC) has been developed by the pioneering oncologists, with proved efficacy and safety in selected patients. Supported by several lines of clinical evidence from phases Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ clinical trials, CRS + HIPEC has been regarded as the standard treatment for selected patients with PC in many established cancer centers worldwide. In China, an expert consensus on CRS + HIPEC has been reached by the leading surgical and medical oncologists, under the framework of the China Anti-Cancer Association. This expert consensus has summarized the progress in PC clinical studies and systematically evaluated the CRS + HIPEC procedures in China as well as across the world, so as to lay the foundation for formulating PC treatment guidelines specific to the national conditions of China.
文摘Literature review shows that Chinese medicine and other related treatment are still the main stream treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Currently,there is short of handbook guiding Chinese medicine from evidence-based medical evidence,so it is a top priority to develop a clinical guideline from the expert consensus.After several rounds of discussion during the conference and examination by letter,which has collected opinions from nearly one hundred experts,consensus was reached.Nonpharmacologic interventions include health education,medical exercise,acupuncture,massage,acupotomology,and physiotherapy.Pharmacological interventions are as follows.Topical application includes fumigation,application,hot compressed,ironing and iontophoresis with Chinese herbs,etc.Chinese patent medicine for external use includes plaster,ointment,etc.Western medicine for external use mainly includes emulsion,ointment,plaster and embrocation containing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs（NSAIDs）.Intraarticular injection mainly includes sodium hyaluronic acid,chitosan（for injection） with prudent use of glucocorticoid.Chinese herbal medicine and Chinese patent medicine can be taken referring to syndrome differentiation which mainly includes syndromes of qi stagnation and blood stasis,cold dampness,deficiency of Gan（Liver） and Shen（Kidney）,deficiency of qi and blood.Western medicine mainly includes analgesic,NSAIDs,diseases modifying drugs.Surgery procedures mainly include joint irrigation,arthroscopic surgery,osteotomy,arthroplasty,etc.
文摘Heat stroke(HS)is a fatal disease caused by thermal damage in the body,and it has a very high mortality rate.In 2015,the People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine published the first expert consensus on HS in China,Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke.With an increased understanding of HS and new issues that emerged during the HS treatment in China in recent years,the 2015 consensus no longer meet the requirements for HS prevention and treatment.It is necessary to update the consensus to include the latest research evidence and establish a new consensus that has broader coverage,is more practical and is more in line with China’s national conditions.This new expert consensus includes new concept of HS,recommendations for laboratory tests and auxiliary examinations,new understanding of diagnosis and differential diagnosis,On-site emergency treatment and In-hospital treatment,translocation of HS patients and prevention of HS.
文摘The Delphi technique is a systematic process of forecasting using the collective opinion of panel members.The structured method of developing consensus among panel members using Delphi methodology has gained acceptance in diverse fields of medicine.The Delphi methods assumed a pivotal role in the last few decades to develop best practice guidance using collective intelligence where research is limited,ethically/logistically difficult or evidence is conflicting.However,the attempts to assess the quality standard of Delphi studies have reported significant variance,and details of the process followed are usually unclear.We recommend systematic quality tools for evaluation of Delphi methodology;identification of problem area of research,selection of panel,anonymity of panelists,controlled feedback,iterative Delphi rounds,consensus criteria,analysis of consensus,closing criteria,and stability of the results.Based on these nine qualitative evaluation points,we assessed the quality of Delphi studies in the medical field related to coronavirus disease 2019.There was inconsistency in reporting vital elements of Delphi methods such as identification of panel members,defining consensus,closing criteria for rounds,and presenting the results.We propose our evaluation points for researchers,medical journal editorial boards,and reviewers to evaluate the quality of the Delphi methods in healthcare research.
