The presence of municipal wastewater at the intake of a major drinking water treatment facility located on Lake Ontario was examined using fluorescence data collected during a period of continuous monitoring.In additi...The presence of municipal wastewater at the intake of a major drinking water treatment facility located on Lake Ontario was examined using fluorescence data collected during a period of continuous monitoring.In addition,controlled mixing of lake water and wastewater sampled from a local treatment facility were conducted using a bench-scale fluorescence system to quantify observed changes in natural organic matter.Multivariate linear regression was applied to components derived from parallel factors analysis.The resulting mean absolute error for predicted wastewater level was 0.22%(V/V,wastewater/lake water),indicating that wastewater detection at below 1.0%(V/V)was possible.Analyses of sucralose,a wastewater indicator,were conducted for treated wastewater as well as surface water collected at two intake locations on Lake Ontario.Results suggested minimal wastewater contribution at the drinking water intake.A wastewater detection model using a moving baseline was developed and applied to continuous fluorescence data collected at one of the drinking water intakes,which agreed well with sucralose results.Furthermore,the simulated addition of 1.0%(V/V)of wastewater/wastewater was detectable in 89%of samples analyzed,demonstrating the utility of fluorescence-based wastewater monitoring.展开更多
以水稻田田间定位试验为研究对象，利用三维荧光光谱技术（3D EEMs）和454测序技术，采集4个施磷水平（0、30、60、90 kg hm-2a-1）土壤，测定其有机碳矿化、溶解有机碳（DOC）组成和结构特征及细菌群落结构和丰度的变化。结果显示：水...以水稻田田间定位试验为研究对象，利用三维荧光光谱技术（3D EEMs）和454测序技术，采集4个施磷水平（0、30、60、90 kg hm-2a-1）土壤，测定其有机碳矿化、溶解有机碳（DOC）组成和结构特征及细菌群落结构和丰度的变化。结果显示：水田施磷增加了土壤速效磷（Olsen-P），从而提高了土壤DOC含量，加速了有机碳的矿化速率和累积矿化量。3D EEMs 结果表明，施磷分别显著增加了荧光指数和鲜度指数值1%～10%和3%～21%，而降低了腐殖化指数，且与土壤生化性质（Olsen-P、DOC和β-葡萄糖苷酶）具有显著相关性。说明施磷通过提高Olsen-P，促进了微生物源DOC的生成，同时降低了DOC的芳香化程度、分子量及腐殖化程度，从而提高了DOC生物可降解性。同时，施磷提高了细菌群落的丰度和多样性，特别是磷诱导了多种具有碳降解功能细菌的增加，从而加速了复杂有机碳的降解和甲烷氧化。此外，主成分分析表明稻田磷素施用量在30～60 kg hm-2a-1时对土壤有机碳矿化及细菌群落多样性的提高作用最为明显。因此，适度施磷能显著提高涉碳降解微生物的活性，从而提高DOC的生物可降解性，加速有机碳的矿化速率，促进稻田土壤有机碳循环。展开更多
基金funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Industrial Chair in Drinking Water Research at the University of Toronto
文摘The presence of municipal wastewater at the intake of a major drinking water treatment facility located on Lake Ontario was examined using fluorescence data collected during a period of continuous monitoring.In addition,controlled mixing of lake water and wastewater sampled from a local treatment facility were conducted using a bench-scale fluorescence system to quantify observed changes in natural organic matter.Multivariate linear regression was applied to components derived from parallel factors analysis.The resulting mean absolute error for predicted wastewater level was 0.22%(V/V,wastewater/lake water),indicating that wastewater detection at below 1.0%(V/V)was possible.Analyses of sucralose,a wastewater indicator,were conducted for treated wastewater as well as surface water collected at two intake locations on Lake Ontario.Results suggested minimal wastewater contribution at the drinking water intake.A wastewater detection model using a moving baseline was developed and applied to continuous fluorescence data collected at one of the drinking water intakes,which agreed well with sucralose results.Furthermore,the simulated addition of 1.0%(V/V)of wastewater/wastewater was detectable in 89%of samples analyzed,demonstrating the utility of fluorescence-based wastewater monitoring.
文摘以水稻田田间定位试验为研究对象，利用三维荧光光谱技术（3D EEMs）和454测序技术，采集4个施磷水平（0、30、60、90 kg hm-2a-1）土壤，测定其有机碳矿化、溶解有机碳（DOC）组成和结构特征及细菌群落结构和丰度的变化。结果显示：水田施磷增加了土壤速效磷（Olsen-P），从而提高了土壤DOC含量，加速了有机碳的矿化速率和累积矿化量。3D EEMs 结果表明，施磷分别显著增加了荧光指数和鲜度指数值1%～10%和3%～21%，而降低了腐殖化指数，且与土壤生化性质（Olsen-P、DOC和β-葡萄糖苷酶）具有显著相关性。说明施磷通过提高Olsen-P，促进了微生物源DOC的生成，同时降低了DOC的芳香化程度、分子量及腐殖化程度，从而提高了DOC生物可降解性。同时，施磷提高了细菌群落的丰度和多样性，特别是磷诱导了多种具有碳降解功能细菌的增加，从而加速了复杂有机碳的降解和甲烷氧化。此外，主成分分析表明稻田磷素施用量在30～60 kg hm-2a-1时对土壤有机碳矿化及细菌群落多样性的提高作用最为明显。因此，适度施磷能显著提高涉碳降解微生物的活性，从而提高DOC的生物可降解性，加速有机碳的矿化速率，促进稻田土壤有机碳循环。
