目的研究高血压伴高同型半胱氨酸血症(hyperhomocysteinemia,HHcy)大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)时,激活相关因子IRE1α和p-JNK的表达与高血压血管重构的关系...目的研究高血压伴高同型半胱氨酸血症(hyperhomocysteinemia,HHcy)大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)时,激活相关因子IRE1α和p-JNK的表达与高血压血管重构的关系及依那普利叶酸片(依叶片)对其干预效果。方法 60只成年雄性SD大鼠行腹主动脉缩窄术(PAAC),术后2周选收缩压(SBP)>140 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa)大鼠36只随机分为对照组、模型组和依叶组,n=12。对照组和模型组分别给予普通饲料和25 g/L蛋氨酸饲料喂养,依叶组用25g/L蛋氨酸饲料喂养并依叶片[10 mg/(kg·d)]灌胃。于术后2周、术后6周、术后10周测尾动脉SBP和血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy),术后10周HE染色观察胸主动脉形态变化,Image Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件观察胸主动脉中层厚度变化,免疫组化和Western blot检测血管平滑肌细胞IRE1α和p-JNK的表达。结果术后10周,模型组大鼠尾动脉SBP、血清Hcy值、胸主动脉中层厚度、血管平滑肌细胞IRE1α和p-JNK表达均高于对照组(P<0.05);依叶组大鼠尾动脉SBP、血清Hcy值、胸主动脉中层厚度、血管平滑肌细胞IRE1α和p-JNK表达均低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论高血压伴HHcy大鼠血管平滑肌细胞ERS因子IRE1α和p-JNK被激活,以促凋亡因子p-JNK的表达占优势;依那普利叶酸片具有降低血压和血清Hcy的双重效果,减轻血管平滑肌细胞ERS,恢复内质网稳态,逆转血管重构。展开更多
The poor survival of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） compromises the efficacy of stem cell therapy. Growth factor deprivation is one of the important factors that have challenged the survival of donor MSCs in cell the...The poor survival of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） compromises the efficacy of stem cell therapy. Growth factor deprivation is one of the important factors that have challenged the survival of donor MSCs in cell therapy. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the effect of serum deprivation on the cell death of MSCs and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Apoptosis of MSCs was evaluated with Hoechst 33342/PI staining. Signaling pathways involved in serumdeprivation induced apoptosis were analyzed using Western blotting. The results revealed that serum deprivation induced apoptosis in MSCs within 72 h of treatment. Serum deprivation was shown to lead to protein expression alterations in Bax, Bcl-2, casepase-3, casepase-8, GRP78, and CHOP during experiments. The data suggested that the mitochondria death pathway, the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the endoplastic reticulum（ER） stress pathway were all involved in MSCs apoptosis. The increase in expression of CHOP and the simultaneous decrease in Bcl- 2 expression suggest a synergistic effect in apoptosis induction in both the mitochondrion and the ER.展开更多
Retinal ischemia causes several vision-threatening diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, retinal artery occlusion, and retinal vein occlusion. Intracellular adenosine triphosphate（ATP） depletion and subsequent i...Retinal ischemia causes several vision-threatening diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, retinal artery occlusion, and retinal vein occlusion. Intracellular adenosine triphosphate（ATP） depletion and subsequent induced endoplasmic reticulum（ER） stress are proposed to be the underlying mechanisms of ischemic retinal cell death. Recently, we found that a naphthalene derivative can inhibit ATPase activity of valosin-containing protein, universally expressed within various types of cells, including retinal neural cells, with strong cytoprotective activity. Based on the chemical structure, we developed novel valosin-containing protein modulators, Kyoto University Substances（KUSs）, that not only inhibit intracellular ATP depletion, but also ameliorate ER stress. Suppressing ER stress by KUSs is associated with neural cell survival in animal models of several neurodegenerative diseases, such as glaucoma and retinal degeneration. Given that a major pathology of ischemic retinal diseases, other than intracellular ATP depletion, is ER stress-induced cell death, KUSs may provide a novel strategy for cell protection in ischemic conditions. Hence, we investigated the efficacy of KUS121 in a rat model of retinal ischemic injury. Intravitreal injections of KUS121, which is clinically preferable route of drug administration in retinal diseases, significantly suppressed inner retinal thinning and retinal cell death, and maintained visual functions. Valosin-containing protein modulation by KUS is a promising novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic retinal diseases.展开更多
文摘目的研究高血压伴高同型半胱氨酸血症(hyperhomocysteinemia,HHcy)大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)时,激活相关因子IRE1α和p-JNK的表达与高血压血管重构的关系及依那普利叶酸片(依叶片)对其干预效果。方法 60只成年雄性SD大鼠行腹主动脉缩窄术(PAAC),术后2周选收缩压(SBP)>140 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa)大鼠36只随机分为对照组、模型组和依叶组,n=12。对照组和模型组分别给予普通饲料和25 g/L蛋氨酸饲料喂养,依叶组用25g/L蛋氨酸饲料喂养并依叶片[10 mg/(kg·d)]灌胃。于术后2周、术后6周、术后10周测尾动脉SBP和血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy),术后10周HE染色观察胸主动脉形态变化,Image Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件观察胸主动脉中层厚度变化,免疫组化和Western blot检测血管平滑肌细胞IRE1α和p-JNK的表达。结果术后10周,模型组大鼠尾动脉SBP、血清Hcy值、胸主动脉中层厚度、血管平滑肌细胞IRE1α和p-JNK表达均高于对照组(P<0.05);依叶组大鼠尾动脉SBP、血清Hcy值、胸主动脉中层厚度、血管平滑肌细胞IRE1α和p-JNK表达均低于模型组(P<0.05)。结论高血压伴HHcy大鼠血管平滑肌细胞ERS因子IRE1α和p-JNK被激活,以促凋亡因子p-JNK的表达占优势;依那普利叶酸片具有降低血压和血清Hcy的双重效果,减轻血管平滑肌细胞ERS,恢复内质网稳态,逆转血管重构。
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. NSC31300791） and the Opening Project of Hubei Key Laboratory of Purification and Application of Plant Anti-cancer Active Ingredients （No. HLPAI 2014006）.
文摘The poor survival of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） compromises the efficacy of stem cell therapy. Growth factor deprivation is one of the important factors that have challenged the survival of donor MSCs in cell therapy. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the effect of serum deprivation on the cell death of MSCs and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Apoptosis of MSCs was evaluated with Hoechst 33342/PI staining. Signaling pathways involved in serumdeprivation induced apoptosis were analyzed using Western blotting. The results revealed that serum deprivation induced apoptosis in MSCs within 72 h of treatment. Serum deprivation was shown to lead to protein expression alterations in Bax, Bcl-2, casepase-3, casepase-8, GRP78, and CHOP during experiments. The data suggested that the mitochondria death pathway, the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the endoplastic reticulum（ER） stress pathway were all involved in MSCs apoptosis. The increase in expression of CHOP and the simultaneous decrease in Bcl- 2 expression suggest a synergistic effect in apoptosis induction in both the mitochondrion and the ER.
基金supported in part by research grants from the Astellas Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders,the Japan Foundation for Applied Enzymology,the Uehara Memorial Foundation,Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research,YOKOYAMA Foundation for Clinical Pharmacology(YRY1308)Japan Intractable Diseases Research Foundation,Japan Research Foundation for Clinical Pharmacology,ONO Medical Research Foundation,Takeda Science Foundation,Japan National Society for the Prevention of Blindness,a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists(24791850,to IHO+2 种基金15K20255,to HM)the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japan(to IHO)the Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare of Japan(to IHO)
文摘Retinal ischemia causes several vision-threatening diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, retinal artery occlusion, and retinal vein occlusion. Intracellular adenosine triphosphate（ATP） depletion and subsequent induced endoplasmic reticulum（ER） stress are proposed to be the underlying mechanisms of ischemic retinal cell death. Recently, we found that a naphthalene derivative can inhibit ATPase activity of valosin-containing protein, universally expressed within various types of cells, including retinal neural cells, with strong cytoprotective activity. Based on the chemical structure, we developed novel valosin-containing protein modulators, Kyoto University Substances（KUSs）, that not only inhibit intracellular ATP depletion, but also ameliorate ER stress. Suppressing ER stress by KUSs is associated with neural cell survival in animal models of several neurodegenerative diseases, such as glaucoma and retinal degeneration. Given that a major pathology of ischemic retinal diseases, other than intracellular ATP depletion, is ER stress-induced cell death, KUSs may provide a novel strategy for cell protection in ischemic conditions. Hence, we investigated the efficacy of KUS121 in a rat model of retinal ischemic injury. Intravitreal injections of KUS121, which is clinically preferable route of drug administration in retinal diseases, significantly suppressed inner retinal thinning and retinal cell death, and maintained visual functions. Valosin-containing protein modulation by KUS is a promising novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic retinal diseases.
