Developing efficient and promising tenderising techniques for postmortem meat is a heavily researched topic among meat scientists as consumers are willing to pay more for guaranteed tender meat.However,emerging tender...Developing efficient and promising tenderising techniques for postmortem meat is a heavily researched topic among meat scientists as consumers are willing to pay more for guaranteed tender meat.However,emerging tenderising techniques are not broadly used in the meat industry and,to some degree,are controversial due to lack of theoretical support.Thus,understanding the mechanisms involved in postmortem tenderisation is essential.This article first provides an overview of the relationship of ageing tenderisation and calpain system,as well as proteomics applied to identify protein biomarkers characterizing tenderness.In general,the ageing tenderisation is mediated by multiple biochemical activities,and it can exhibit better palatability and commercial benefit by combining other interventions.The calpain system plays a key role in ageing tenderisation functions by rupturing myofibrils and regulating proteolysis,glycolysis,apoptosis and metabolic modification.Additionally,tenderising techniques from different aspects including exogenous enzymes,chemistry,physics and the combined methods are discussed in depth.Particularly,innovation of home cooking could be recommended to prepare relatively tender meat due to its convenience and ease of operation by consumers.Furthermore,the combined interventions provide better performance in controlled tenderness.Finally,future trends in developing new tenderising techniques,and applied consideration in the meat processing industry are proposed in order to improve meat quality with higher economical value.展开更多
为了提高我国混双冰壶运动的综合能力,找出与世界混双冰壶强队的技战术差距,同时更好地备战2022年北京冬奥会,运用数理统计、文献资料、专家访问等研究方法对2015-2019年世界混双冰壶比赛中国队共计42场比赛的胜负总分total win and los...为了提高我国混双冰壶运动的综合能力,找出与世界混双冰壶强队的技战术差距,同时更好地备战2022年北京冬奥会,运用数理统计、文献资料、专家访问等研究方法对2015-2019年世界混双冰壶比赛中国队共计42场比赛的胜负总分total win and lose、首局后手次数times of LSFE(Last Stone First End)、偷分局stolen ends、每局最后一壶效果last stone Eff、关键壶效果PP Eff(power play efficiency)、得失大分局win or lose a game by big score(points scored greater than or equal to 4)等关键影响因素,以及参赛队员投壶技战术的大量数据进行搜集、统计并加以分析。主要结论:本方总胜分The total scores of the team、首局后手次数、偷分局、每局最后一壶效果、关键壶效果等变量相互间存在不同程度的正相关;本方总负分The total negative scores of the team与对方首局后手次数the opponent’s times of LSFE、对方偷分局之间存在正相关,与每局最后一壶效果存在负相关;对方偷分局与每局最后一壶效果、关键壶效果存在不同程度的负相关;从投壶技术类型the stone delivered techniques types的数据可以看出,女队员选用投准技术stone delivered accurate techniques较多,主要以控制局面为主,同时为男队员进攻战术的实施打好基础。建议:要想提高中国队在比赛中的总胜分,必须合理调控偷分局数、首局后手次数、每局最后一壶效果、关键壶效果这4个可控因素之间的关系;在合理解决好本方的偷分局数与首局后手次数辩证关系的基础上,有效改善每局最后一壶效果,为指导中国队参加2022年北京冬奥会混双冰壶赛提供理论基础和科学依据。展开更多
目的基于能力本位教育理论构建科学、可行的护士新发传染病应对能力指标体系,为护士新发传染病应对能力的培训、考核提供借鉴。方法检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Wed of Science等中英文数据库,检索时限为建库至2020年10月。基于&...目的基于能力本位教育理论构建科学、可行的护士新发传染病应对能力指标体系,为护士新发传染病应对能力的培训、考核提供借鉴。方法检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Wed of Science等中英文数据库,检索时限为建库至2020年10月。基于"能力本位教育"理论,以"突发事件生命周期"理论结合WHO提出的"传染病突发事件行动框架"为结构框架,初步构建指标条目,采用德尔菲专家咨询法,对15名专家进行2轮专家咨询,最终确立护士新发传染病应对能力指标体系。结果2轮专家咨询问卷的有效回收率均为100.00%,权威系数为0.930。2轮咨询三级指标专家Kendall协调系数分别为0.363、0.304、0.269,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),各指标的变异系数为0.000~0.167。构建的护士新发传染病应对能力指标体系一级指标3项、二级指标12项、三级指标44项。结论基于能力本位教育理论构建的护士新发传染病应对能力指标体系具有较好的科学性、实用性和合理性,可为护士新发传染病应对能力培训、考核提供参考依据。展开更多
Background At present, many administrators lack a theoretica health emergencies. This study developed a detailed function building the management systems scientifically. guide to build management systems to cope with ...Background At present, many administrators lack a theoretica health emergencies. This study developed a detailed function building the management systems scientifically. guide to build management systems to cope with public list for public health emergency management to help Methods The five steps in this study including literature review, semistructured interviews with experts, focus group, Delphi study and focus group were conducted to develop the detailed list of functions. Results An initial list of 25 functions with 188 items was formed through literature review. The list was reduced to 10 functions with 57 items by semistructured interviews with experts and focus group. Next, all these 57 items reached the consensus through one-round Delphi study. Some revisions of the consensus were done by the same focus group. Conclusion The final 10 functions with 57 items could be used as a guide for most countries during their building of a public health emergency management system.展开更多
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-41)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901612)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund Projects of Jiangsu Province(CX(18)1006).
文摘Developing efficient and promising tenderising techniques for postmortem meat is a heavily researched topic among meat scientists as consumers are willing to pay more for guaranteed tender meat.However,emerging tenderising techniques are not broadly used in the meat industry and,to some degree,are controversial due to lack of theoretical support.Thus,understanding the mechanisms involved in postmortem tenderisation is essential.This article first provides an overview of the relationship of ageing tenderisation and calpain system,as well as proteomics applied to identify protein biomarkers characterizing tenderness.In general,the ageing tenderisation is mediated by multiple biochemical activities,and it can exhibit better palatability and commercial benefit by combining other interventions.The calpain system plays a key role in ageing tenderisation functions by rupturing myofibrils and regulating proteolysis,glycolysis,apoptosis and metabolic modification.Additionally,tenderising techniques from different aspects including exogenous enzymes,chemistry,physics and the combined methods are discussed in depth.Particularly,innovation of home cooking could be recommended to prepare relatively tender meat due to its convenience and ease of operation by consumers.Furthermore,the combined interventions provide better performance in controlled tenderness.Finally,future trends in developing new tenderising techniques,and applied consideration in the meat processing industry are proposed in order to improve meat quality with higher economical value.
文摘为了提高我国混双冰壶运动的综合能力,找出与世界混双冰壶强队的技战术差距,同时更好地备战2022年北京冬奥会,运用数理统计、文献资料、专家访问等研究方法对2015-2019年世界混双冰壶比赛中国队共计42场比赛的胜负总分total win and lose、首局后手次数times of LSFE(Last Stone First End)、偷分局stolen ends、每局最后一壶效果last stone Eff、关键壶效果PP Eff(power play efficiency)、得失大分局win or lose a game by big score(points scored greater than or equal to 4)等关键影响因素,以及参赛队员投壶技战术的大量数据进行搜集、统计并加以分析。主要结论:本方总胜分The total scores of the team、首局后手次数、偷分局、每局最后一壶效果、关键壶效果等变量相互间存在不同程度的正相关;本方总负分The total negative scores of the team与对方首局后手次数the opponent’s times of LSFE、对方偷分局之间存在正相关,与每局最后一壶效果存在负相关;对方偷分局与每局最后一壶效果、关键壶效果存在不同程度的负相关;从投壶技术类型the stone delivered techniques types的数据可以看出,女队员选用投准技术stone delivered accurate techniques较多,主要以控制局面为主,同时为男队员进攻战术的实施打好基础。建议:要想提高中国队在比赛中的总胜分,必须合理调控偷分局数、首局后手次数、每局最后一壶效果、关键壶效果这4个可控因素之间的关系;在合理解决好本方的偷分局数与首局后手次数辩证关系的基础上,有效改善每局最后一壶效果,为指导中国队参加2022年北京冬奥会混双冰壶赛提供理论基础和科学依据。
文摘目的基于能力本位教育理论构建科学、可行的护士新发传染病应对能力指标体系,为护士新发传染病应对能力的培训、考核提供借鉴。方法检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Wed of Science等中英文数据库,检索时限为建库至2020年10月。基于"能力本位教育"理论,以"突发事件生命周期"理论结合WHO提出的"传染病突发事件行动框架"为结构框架,初步构建指标条目,采用德尔菲专家咨询法,对15名专家进行2轮专家咨询,最终确立护士新发传染病应对能力指标体系。结果2轮专家咨询问卷的有效回收率均为100.00%,权威系数为0.930。2轮咨询三级指标专家Kendall协调系数分别为0.363、0.304、0.269,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),各指标的变异系数为0.000~0.167。构建的护士新发传染病应对能力指标体系一级指标3项、二级指标12项、三级指标44项。结论基于能力本位教育理论构建的护士新发传染病应对能力指标体系具有较好的科学性、实用性和合理性,可为护士新发传染病应对能力培训、考核提供参考依据。
文摘Background At present, many administrators lack a theoretica health emergencies. This study developed a detailed function building the management systems scientifically. guide to build management systems to cope with public list for public health emergency management to help Methods The five steps in this study including literature review, semistructured interviews with experts, focus group, Delphi study and focus group were conducted to develop the detailed list of functions. Results An initial list of 25 functions with 188 items was formed through literature review. The list was reduced to 10 functions with 57 items by semistructured interviews with experts and focus group. Next, all these 57 items reached the consensus through one-round Delphi study. Some revisions of the consensus were done by the same focus group. Conclusion The final 10 functions with 57 items could be used as a guide for most countries during their building of a public health emergency management system.
