为探究蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)对非酸性土壤的不适应性是否与铁营养代谢紊乱有关。以两年生蓝莓‘比洛克西’、‘奥尼尔’和‘布里吉塔’为材料,在根际土壤p H 5.5、7.0及7.5的条件下处理20 d后,测定根系活力、丙二醛、矿质元素含量以及...为探究蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)对非酸性土壤的不适应性是否与铁营养代谢紊乱有关。以两年生蓝莓‘比洛克西’、‘奥尼尔’和‘布里吉塔’为材料,在根际土壤p H 5.5、7.0及7.5的条件下处理20 d后,测定根系活力、丙二醛、矿质元素含量以及铁吸收转运相关基因的表达情况。结果表明,与p H5.5根际土壤处理相比,p H 7.0及p H 7.5处理显著加剧蓝莓根及叶部膜脂系统氧化程度,并导致根系活力显著降低;同时,p H 7.5处理下根部铁含量仅为p H 5.5处理下的53.2%,而K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu和Zn元素未见明显的规律性变化。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,与p H 5.5土壤条件下相比,铁螯合还原酶2基因(FRO2)、铁结合蛋白2基因(Fer2)和天然抗性相关巨噬细胞蛋白3基因(Nramp3)的表达在p H 7.5条件下显著下调,质膜质子泵酶基因(HA)未见显著变化。以上结果表明,在p H 7.5根际土壤条件下,蓝莓根内FRO2表达量降低,导致根部对Fe3+的还原能力下降;此外,Fer2和Nramp3基因表达下调使根部对铁的结合储藏以及转运能力下降,最后因根部铁的转运和吸收减少,导致地上部出现缺铁性黄化,推断蓝莓在碱性根际下生长不良的关键因素是铁的减少,以及与铁代谢相关基因表达的下降。展开更多
Background Statin therapy has affected glucose homoeostasis of type 2 diabetes patients,which could be related with bile acids metabolism.Whether bile acid metabolism and the expression of farnesoid X receptor （FXR）...Background Statin therapy has affected glucose homoeostasis of type 2 diabetes patients,which could be related with bile acids metabolism.Whether bile acid metabolism and the expression of farnesoid X receptor （FXR）,liver X receptor-α （LXR-α） and sterol regulatory element-binding protein （Srebp）-1c is regulated by hyperglycemia,or whether simvastatin therapy led to higher glucose is related with down-regulated expression of FXR in diabetic rats remained unclear.Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups：normal control rats,insulin resistance rats,diabetic model rats,and the late simvastatin induced diabetic rats.Normal control rats were fed with standard diet,others were fed with high-fat diet.Diabetic model rats were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ）.The late simvastatin induced diabetic rats started simvastatin administration after STZ induced diabetic model rats.Characteristics of fasting blood glucose （FPG）,lipid files and total bile acids （TBAs） were measured and the oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed after overnight fasting at the eighth weekend.RNA and protein levels of FXR,LXR-α and Srebp-1c were tested by Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）.Results The insulin resistance rats showed higher glucose,lipid files and lower expression of FXR compared with normal control rats （P ＞0.05）.The diabetic model rats showed significantly higher glucose,lipid files,TBA and lower expression of FXR compared with insulin resistance rats （P ＜0.05）.The late simvastatin induced diabetic rats displayed higher glucose and TBA and lower expression of FXR compared with diabetic model rats （P ＜0.05）.Conclusions Changes in bile acid homeostasis,including the alterations of bile acid levels and bile acid receptors,are either a cause or a consequence of the metabolic disturbances observed during diabetic models.Statin therapy induced hyperglycemia may be related展开更多
Zinc is often deficient in patients with liver cirrhosis, and treatment with zinc provides short-term improvement in protein metabolism. However, the long-term effects of zinc have not been fully clarified. The presen...Zinc is often deficient in patients with liver cirrhosis, and treatment with zinc provides short-term improvement in protein metabolism. However, the long-term effects of zinc have not been fully clarified. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of zinc on the long-term clinical course, especially hepatocarcinogenesis, in type C liver cirrhosis. Am- ong patients with type C liver cirrhosis visiting our hospital between June 1998 and January 2009, th- ose with a serum albumin level ≤3.5 g/dL and a serum zinc level ≤70 μg (1.07 μmol)/dL were selected. Thirty-seven patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: group B (12 g/day branched-chain amino acid granules) and group BZ (same as group B plus 100 mg/day - 600 mg/day zinc sulfate or 150 mg/day - 225 mg/day polaprezinc). Multivariate analysis revealed that the administration of zinc was not a significant determinant, but pretreatment serum zinc levels (hazard ratio [HR], 0.921;95% confidence interval [CI], 0.853–0.994) and serum zinc levels less than 80 μg (1.22 μmol)/dL 12 months after beginning this study (HR, 6.866;95% CI, 1.399 - 33.707) were significant determinants of carcinogenesis and death. Serum albumin levels in patients whose serum zinc levels had not increased up to 80 μg/dL by the third year of this study were significantly lower (p = 0.023) than those of patients that had increased up to 80 μg/dL. Conclusions: In type C liver cirrhosis with zinc deficiency, administration of zinc does not improve cancer-free survival. However, serum zinc levels can predict outcomes in patients with type C liver cirrhosis. However, although zinc may play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis, the precise implications remain to be clarified.展开更多
Discovering ways in which to increase the sustainability of the metabolic processes involved in urbanization has become an urgent task for urban design and management in China. As cities are analogous to living organi...Discovering ways in which to increase the sustainability of the metabolic processes involved in urbanization has become an urgent task for urban design and management in China. As cities are analogous to living organisms, the disorders of their metabolic processes can be regarded as the cause of ＂urban disease＂. Therefore, identification of these causes through metabolic process analysis and ecological element distribution through the urban ecosystem＇s compartments will be helpful. By using Beijing as an example, we have compiled monetary input- output tables from 1997, 2000, 2002, 2005, and 2007 and calculated the intensities of the embodied ecological elements to compile the corresponding implied physical input-output tables. We then divided Beijing＇s economy into 32 compartments and analyzed the direct and indirect ecological intensities embodied in the flows of ecological elements through urban metabolic processes. Based on the combination of input-output tables and ecological network analysis, the description of multiple ecological elements transferred among Beijing＇s industrial compartments and their distribution has been refined. This hybrid approach can provide a more scientific basis for management of urban resource flows. In addition, the data obtained from distribution characteristics of ecological elements may provide a basic data platform for exploring the metabolic mechanism of Beijing.展开更多
文摘为探究蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)对非酸性土壤的不适应性是否与铁营养代谢紊乱有关。以两年生蓝莓‘比洛克西’、‘奥尼尔’和‘布里吉塔’为材料,在根际土壤p H 5.5、7.0及7.5的条件下处理20 d后,测定根系活力、丙二醛、矿质元素含量以及铁吸收转运相关基因的表达情况。结果表明,与p H5.5根际土壤处理相比,p H 7.0及p H 7.5处理显著加剧蓝莓根及叶部膜脂系统氧化程度,并导致根系活力显著降低;同时,p H 7.5处理下根部铁含量仅为p H 5.5处理下的53.2%,而K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu和Zn元素未见明显的规律性变化。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,与p H 5.5土壤条件下相比,铁螯合还原酶2基因(FRO2)、铁结合蛋白2基因(Fer2)和天然抗性相关巨噬细胞蛋白3基因(Nramp3)的表达在p H 7.5条件下显著下调,质膜质子泵酶基因(HA)未见显著变化。以上结果表明,在p H 7.5根际土壤条件下,蓝莓根内FRO2表达量降低,导致根部对Fe3+的还原能力下降;此外,Fer2和Nramp3基因表达下调使根部对铁的结合储藏以及转运能力下降,最后因根部铁的转运和吸收减少,导致地上部出现缺铁性黄化,推断蓝莓在碱性根际下生长不良的关键因素是铁的减少,以及与铁代谢相关基因表达的下降。
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 81170771, 81101183 and 81270175）, Science and Technology Development Programme of Shandong （No. 2012GSF 11803）, International Cooperation Programme of 3inan City （No. 201011008）.Acknowledgements： We thank Han Jing, Lu Yong and Jiang Qiang for their assistance in animal experiment.
文摘Background Statin therapy has affected glucose homoeostasis of type 2 diabetes patients,which could be related with bile acids metabolism.Whether bile acid metabolism and the expression of farnesoid X receptor （FXR）,liver X receptor-α （LXR-α） and sterol regulatory element-binding protein （Srebp）-1c is regulated by hyperglycemia,or whether simvastatin therapy led to higher glucose is related with down-regulated expression of FXR in diabetic rats remained unclear.Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups：normal control rats,insulin resistance rats,diabetic model rats,and the late simvastatin induced diabetic rats.Normal control rats were fed with standard diet,others were fed with high-fat diet.Diabetic model rats were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ）.The late simvastatin induced diabetic rats started simvastatin administration after STZ induced diabetic model rats.Characteristics of fasting blood glucose （FPG）,lipid files and total bile acids （TBAs） were measured and the oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed after overnight fasting at the eighth weekend.RNA and protein levels of FXR,LXR-α and Srebp-1c were tested by Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）.Results The insulin resistance rats showed higher glucose,lipid files and lower expression of FXR compared with normal control rats （P ＞0.05）.The diabetic model rats showed significantly higher glucose,lipid files,TBA and lower expression of FXR compared with insulin resistance rats （P ＜0.05）.The late simvastatin induced diabetic rats displayed higher glucose and TBA and lower expression of FXR compared with diabetic model rats （P ＜0.05）.Conclusions Changes in bile acid homeostasis,including the alterations of bile acid levels and bile acid receptors,are either a cause or a consequence of the metabolic disturbances observed during diabetic models.Statin therapy induced hyperglycemia may be related
文摘Zinc is often deficient in patients with liver cirrhosis, and treatment with zinc provides short-term improvement in protein metabolism. However, the long-term effects of zinc have not been fully clarified. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of zinc on the long-term clinical course, especially hepatocarcinogenesis, in type C liver cirrhosis. Am- ong patients with type C liver cirrhosis visiting our hospital between June 1998 and January 2009, th- ose with a serum albumin level ≤3.5 g/dL and a serum zinc level ≤70 μg (1.07 μmol)/dL were selected. Thirty-seven patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: group B (12 g/day branched-chain amino acid granules) and group BZ (same as group B plus 100 mg/day - 600 mg/day zinc sulfate or 150 mg/day - 225 mg/day polaprezinc). Multivariate analysis revealed that the administration of zinc was not a significant determinant, but pretreatment serum zinc levels (hazard ratio [HR], 0.921;95% confidence interval [CI], 0.853–0.994) and serum zinc levels less than 80 μg (1.22 μmol)/dL 12 months after beginning this study (HR, 6.866;95% CI, 1.399 - 33.707) were significant determinants of carcinogenesis and death. Serum albumin levels in patients whose serum zinc levels had not increased up to 80 μg/dL by the third year of this study were significantly lower (p = 0.023) than those of patients that had increased up to 80 μg/dL. Conclusions: In type C liver cirrhosis with zinc deficiency, administration of zinc does not improve cancer-free survival. However, serum zinc levels can predict outcomes in patients with type C liver cirrhosis. However, although zinc may play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis, the precise implications remain to be clarified.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （No. NCET-12-0059）, National Science Foundation for Innovative Research Group （No. 51121003）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 41171068, 40701004 and 41271543）, Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University （No. IRT0809）, Special Fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control of China （No. 12YO4ESPCN and 10ZO2ESPCN）, and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Discovering ways in which to increase the sustainability of the metabolic processes involved in urbanization has become an urgent task for urban design and management in China. As cities are analogous to living organisms, the disorders of their metabolic processes can be regarded as the cause of ＂urban disease＂. Therefore, identification of these causes through metabolic process analysis and ecological element distribution through the urban ecosystem＇s compartments will be helpful. By using Beijing as an example, we have compiled monetary input- output tables from 1997, 2000, 2002, 2005, and 2007 and calculated the intensities of the embodied ecological elements to compile the corresponding implied physical input-output tables. We then divided Beijing＇s economy into 32 compartments and analyzed the direct and indirect ecological intensities embodied in the flows of ecological elements through urban metabolic processes. Based on the combination of input-output tables and ecological network analysis, the description of multiple ecological elements transferred among Beijing＇s industrial compartments and their distribution has been refined. This hybrid approach can provide a more scientific basis for management of urban resource flows. In addition, the data obtained from distribution characteristics of ecological elements may provide a basic data platform for exploring the metabolic mechanism of Beijing.
