When considering electromagnetism, the unit of the Ammeter’s measurement should be limited to its proper unit in “Watt/Volt” which is, according to physical principles, the division quotient of the measured electri...When considering electromagnetism, the unit of the Ammeter’s measurement should be limited to its proper unit in “Watt/Volt” which is, according to physical principles, the division quotient of the measured electrical power by its electrical potential. However, the Ammeter’s reading has also a traditional definition as the rate of flow of electric charges whose unit is “Ampere”. According to recent studies that define the electric charge as energy possessing an electric potential, such traditional definition is wrong as the Ammeter’s reading should, then, has the unit “Watt”. Such duality of the Ammeter’s reading is due to the wrong definition of electric charges as electrons and insertion of the “Ampere”, as a wrong unit of the flow of electric charges. This duality represents a “redundancy” in electromagnetism as the proper Ammeter’s reading, in Watt/Volt, is a unit of entropy of the flowing energy charges. Such redundancy led to further redundancies in the field of electromagnetism. In this article, it is followed the impacts of inserting the “Ampere” as illogic unit and it is derived the proper modifications of the results of replacing the “Ampere” by its logical substitute “Watt/Volt”. Such modifications lead to a robust definition of the electron as an elementary particle which has an elementary charge of energy 1.602 × 10<sup>-19</sup> Joules and has a negative electric potential of 1 Volt and to a proper definition of the protons as elementary particles which are charged by a similar charge of electron, but it has a positive potential of 1 Volt. Additionally, the electron-volt is properly defined as an elementary charge whose energy is 1.602 × 10<sup>-19</sup> Joules and whose potential is ±1 Volt. Such modifications also lead to improve the understanding of magnetic induction and modifying the equations that characterize the performance of electric machines. The truth of such innovative understandings is verified analytically and experimentally in this article展开更多
This paper investigates the relation between the induced electromotive force measured by induction logging tool and the apparent conductivity, and the relation between the apparent conductivity and the formation true ...This paper investigates the relation between the induced electromotive force measured by induction logging tool and the apparent conductivity, and the relation between the apparent conductivity and the formation true conductivity. Assuming the conductivity in Green's function to be the function of the field point coordinate, the apparent conductivity expression of electric-field intensity is derived using Green's formula, and the integral equation has been established representing the relationship of the apparent conductivity with the true conductivity under this condition. The integral equation is analyzed and then leads to the conclusion that the equivalent conductivity is the apparent conductivity and the values of the apparent conductivity function contain the true conductivity, and the method derived the true conductivity from the apparent conductivity around the well axis is put forward. The validity of the approach given in this paper is verified through numerical calculation. On the basis of above means, the transmitter coil produces an electric-field distribution in formation at every point where the induction logging tool moves along a wellbore, and a number of the receiving coils obtain an apparent conductivity distribution; this is what induction electric-field logging is.展开更多
Based on the electric dipole theory, the coupled field distribution of pulse electric field (PEF) with electric dipole field around the cluster in superheated molten alloy is simulated under the effect of PEF. For the...Based on the electric dipole theory, the coupled field distribution of pulse electric field (PEF) with electric dipole field around the cluster in superheated molten alloy is simulated under the effect of PEF. For the difference of electro-migration, the atom of solute and solution will accumulate around the cluster, and then the smaller cluster may reorganize and grow up under the action of the coupled field. We also apply the electrostatic induction theory to analyze the bearing behavior of the half side of the cluster. The bigger the cluster is, the stronger the electrostatic force is, therefore, the bigger cluster's stability is weak apparently. The study indi- cates that the cluster in the superheated molten has the homogeneous tendency under the effect of PEF.展开更多
文摘When considering electromagnetism, the unit of the Ammeter’s measurement should be limited to its proper unit in “Watt/Volt” which is, according to physical principles, the division quotient of the measured electrical power by its electrical potential. However, the Ammeter’s reading has also a traditional definition as the rate of flow of electric charges whose unit is “Ampere”. According to recent studies that define the electric charge as energy possessing an electric potential, such traditional definition is wrong as the Ammeter’s reading should, then, has the unit “Watt”. Such duality of the Ammeter’s reading is due to the wrong definition of electric charges as electrons and insertion of the “Ampere”, as a wrong unit of the flow of electric charges. This duality represents a “redundancy” in electromagnetism as the proper Ammeter’s reading, in Watt/Volt, is a unit of entropy of the flowing energy charges. Such redundancy led to further redundancies in the field of electromagnetism. In this article, it is followed the impacts of inserting the “Ampere” as illogic unit and it is derived the proper modifications of the results of replacing the “Ampere” by its logical substitute “Watt/Volt”. Such modifications lead to a robust definition of the electron as an elementary particle which has an elementary charge of energy 1.602 × 10<sup>-19</sup> Joules and has a negative electric potential of 1 Volt and to a proper definition of the protons as elementary particles which are charged by a similar charge of electron, but it has a positive potential of 1 Volt. Additionally, the electron-volt is properly defined as an elementary charge whose energy is 1.602 × 10<sup>-19</sup> Joules and whose potential is ±1 Volt. Such modifications also lead to improve the understanding of magnetic induction and modifying the equations that characterize the performance of electric machines. The truth of such innovative understandings is verified analytically and experimentally in this article
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2011ZX05020)
文摘This paper investigates the relation between the induced electromotive force measured by induction logging tool and the apparent conductivity, and the relation between the apparent conductivity and the formation true conductivity. Assuming the conductivity in Green's function to be the function of the field point coordinate, the apparent conductivity expression of electric-field intensity is derived using Green's formula, and the integral equation has been established representing the relationship of the apparent conductivity with the true conductivity under this condition. The integral equation is analyzed and then leads to the conclusion that the equivalent conductivity is the apparent conductivity and the values of the apparent conductivity function contain the true conductivity, and the method derived the true conductivity from the apparent conductivity around the well axis is put forward. The validity of the approach given in this paper is verified through numerical calculation. On the basis of above means, the transmitter coil produces an electric-field distribution in formation at every point where the induction logging tool moves along a wellbore, and a number of the receiving coils obtain an apparent conductivity distribution; this is what induction electric-field logging is.
基金Supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50674054)the College Key Laboratory Open Fund of Liaoning Province (Grant No. 200516203)
文摘Based on the electric dipole theory, the coupled field distribution of pulse electric field (PEF) with electric dipole field around the cluster in superheated molten alloy is simulated under the effect of PEF. For the difference of electro-migration, the atom of solute and solution will accumulate around the cluster, and then the smaller cluster may reorganize and grow up under the action of the coupled field. We also apply the electrostatic induction theory to analyze the bearing behavior of the half side of the cluster. The bigger the cluster is, the stronger the electrostatic force is, therefore, the bigger cluster's stability is weak apparently. The study indi- cates that the cluster in the superheated molten has the homogeneous tendency under the effect of PEF.
