Laboratory advection-diffusion tests are performed on two regional soils-Brown Earth and Red Earth-in order to assess their capacity to control contaminant migration with synthetic contaminant solution of sodium sulph...Laboratory advection-diffusion tests are performed on two regional soils-Brown Earth and Red Earth-in order to assess their capacity to control contaminant migration with synthetic contaminant solution of sodium sulphate with sodium concentration of 1000 mg/L. The test was designed to study the transport/attenuation behaviour of sodium in the presence of sulphate. Effective diffusion coefficient (De) that takes into consideration of attenuation processes is used. Cation exchange capacity is an important factor for the attenuation of cationic species. Monovalent sodium ion cannot usually replace other cations and the retention of sodium ion is very less. This is particularly true when chloride is anion is solution. However, sulphate is likely to play a role in the attenuation of sodium. Cation exchange capacity and type of exchangeable ions of soils are likely to play an important role. The effect of sulphate ions on the effective diffusion coefficient of sodium, in two different types of soils, of different cation exchange capacity has been studied. The effective diffusion coefficients of sodium ion for both the soils were calculated using Ogata Bank’s equation. It was shown that effective diffusion coefficient of sodium in the presence of sulphate is lower for Brown Earth than for Red Earth due to exchange of sodium with calcium ions from the exchangeable complex of clay. The soil with the higher cation exchange retained more sodium. Consequently, the breakthrough times and the number of pore volumes of sodium ion increase with the cation exchange capacity of soil.展开更多
采用改造的GDS全自动环境岩土渗透仪(柔性壁)和南55渗透仪(硬性壁)开展渗透试验,研究温度和试验方法对黏土渗透系数的影响。结果表明:黏土的渗透系数随温度的升高而增大,渗透系数对数值与温度线性正相关,当温度从20℃升高至70℃时,柔性...采用改造的GDS全自动环境岩土渗透仪(柔性壁)和南55渗透仪(硬性壁)开展渗透试验,研究温度和试验方法对黏土渗透系数的影响。结果表明:黏土的渗透系数随温度的升高而增大,渗透系数对数值与温度线性正相关,当温度从20℃升高至70℃时,柔性壁和硬性壁渗透试验结果增幅分别为5.5倍和2.7倍。由于两种渗透试验中试样尺寸和制样方法等差异,柔性壁渗透试验所得渗透系数大于相应干密度下硬性壁渗透试验结果。仅考虑流体黏滞系数和密度随温度的变化(即假设固有渗透率为定值)时,渗透系数估算值随温度的变化规律与实测结果一致,渗透系数随温度的变化主要由流体物理性质的变化引起;但渗透系数估算值与实测值有一定差异,固有渗透率并不是定值。柔性壁渗透试验55 k Pa围压下所得固有渗透率随温度的升高而显著增大,渗透系数估算值小于实测值;而硬性壁渗透试验所得固有渗透率随温度的升高略有降低,渗透系数估算值与实测值相差不大。展开更多
Increased microbial activity leads to biological clogging (or bioclogging), i.e., the pore space is clogged by microbes and saturated hydraulic conductivity of porous media decreases. A series of column experiments we...Increased microbial activity leads to biological clogging (or bioclogging), i.e., the pore space is clogged by microbes and saturated hydraulic conductivity of porous media decreases. A series of column experiments were carried out to study the bioclogging of sand columns. Hydraulic conductivity remained unchanged when a sterilizing agent was applied;however, it decreased when a glucose solution was applied. In most cases, bioclogging proceeded from the inlet of the solution;but, in some cases, it started from the bottom or outlet of the column. In this experiment, the reduction of hydraulic conductivity was better explained by microcolony models compared to biofilm models.展开更多
文摘Laboratory advection-diffusion tests are performed on two regional soils-Brown Earth and Red Earth-in order to assess their capacity to control contaminant migration with synthetic contaminant solution of sodium sulphate with sodium concentration of 1000 mg/L. The test was designed to study the transport/attenuation behaviour of sodium in the presence of sulphate. Effective diffusion coefficient (De) that takes into consideration of attenuation processes is used. Cation exchange capacity is an important factor for the attenuation of cationic species. Monovalent sodium ion cannot usually replace other cations and the retention of sodium ion is very less. This is particularly true when chloride is anion is solution. However, sulphate is likely to play a role in the attenuation of sodium. Cation exchange capacity and type of exchangeable ions of soils are likely to play an important role. The effect of sulphate ions on the effective diffusion coefficient of sodium, in two different types of soils, of different cation exchange capacity has been studied. The effective diffusion coefficients of sodium ion for both the soils were calculated using Ogata Bank’s equation. It was shown that effective diffusion coefficient of sodium in the presence of sulphate is lower for Brown Earth than for Red Earth due to exchange of sodium with calcium ions from the exchangeable complex of clay. The soil with the higher cation exchange retained more sodium. Consequently, the breakthrough times and the number of pore volumes of sodium ion increase with the cation exchange capacity of soil.
文摘采用改造的GDS全自动环境岩土渗透仪(柔性壁)和南55渗透仪(硬性壁)开展渗透试验,研究温度和试验方法对黏土渗透系数的影响。结果表明:黏土的渗透系数随温度的升高而增大,渗透系数对数值与温度线性正相关,当温度从20℃升高至70℃时,柔性壁和硬性壁渗透试验结果增幅分别为5.5倍和2.7倍。由于两种渗透试验中试样尺寸和制样方法等差异,柔性壁渗透试验所得渗透系数大于相应干密度下硬性壁渗透试验结果。仅考虑流体黏滞系数和密度随温度的变化(即假设固有渗透率为定值)时,渗透系数估算值随温度的变化规律与实测结果一致,渗透系数随温度的变化主要由流体物理性质的变化引起;但渗透系数估算值与实测值有一定差异,固有渗透率并不是定值。柔性壁渗透试验55 k Pa围压下所得固有渗透率随温度的升高而显著增大,渗透系数估算值小于实测值;而硬性壁渗透试验所得固有渗透率随温度的升高略有降低,渗透系数估算值与实测值相差不大。
文摘Increased microbial activity leads to biological clogging (or bioclogging), i.e., the pore space is clogged by microbes and saturated hydraulic conductivity of porous media decreases. A series of column experiments were carried out to study the bioclogging of sand columns. Hydraulic conductivity remained unchanged when a sterilizing agent was applied;however, it decreased when a glucose solution was applied. In most cases, bioclogging proceeded from the inlet of the solution;but, in some cases, it started from the bottom or outlet of the column. In this experiment, the reduction of hydraulic conductivity was better explained by microcolony models compared to biofilm models.
