Ecological security is the foundation and guarantee of sustainable development,and its importance is increasingly widely recognized and valued by the world.The Yangtze River Basin is an important ecological security b...Ecological security is the foundation and guarantee of sustainable development,and its importance is increasingly widely recognized and valued by the world.The Yangtze River Basin is an important ecological security barrier in China and the Wanjiang City Belt(WCB)along the Yangtze River is directly related to the ecological security pattern of the entire basin.Based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response(DPSIR)model and a geographical information system(GIS)platform,an ecosystem security evaluation index system was constructed to measure and evaluate the evolution of ecosystem security in the WCB,China.Results showed that:1)From 2000 to 2018,the overall level of ecological security in the study area was in a state of either early warning or medium warning,but the level of ecological security in each prefecture-level city was significantly different.2)From the perspective of the evolution of the ecosystem,the value of its comprehensive evaluation index dropped from 4.255 in 2000 to 3.885 in 2018.From the perspective of subsystems,the value of Pressure comprehensive evaluation index is much higher than that of other subsystems,indicating that during the rapid development of the social economy,the pressure on the natural environment tended to rise,and triggered changes in the State and Response subsystems.3)The coefficient of variation(CV)of the Driver was much higher than other factors influencing the ecological security system.There are large differences in the economic development and ecological evolution of the cities in the WCB.This study has improved the theoretical research on regional ecological security,and has certain practical guiding significance for building a beautiful,green and sustainable China and promoting global ecological security.展开更多
社会—生态韧性作为社会生态系统(Social-Ecological System,SES)的动态属性,其研究涉及自然、社会和经济的大量信息和复杂的耦合关系,对于城市治理领域,尤其在城市规划与治理实践层面有着重要的指导意义。研究基础数据为Web of Science...社会—生态韧性作为社会生态系统(Social-Ecological System,SES)的动态属性,其研究涉及自然、社会和经济的大量信息和复杂的耦合关系,对于城市治理领域,尤其在城市规划与治理实践层面有着重要的指导意义。研究基础数据为Web of Science(WoS)核心合集中2 906篇基础研究成果和345篇筛选后的精准研究成果,初步分析表明过去的20年内,关于社会—生态韧性的研究引起了各个学科的关注,并将持续成为地理学、生态学、城市管理学等学科共同关注的焦点。在此基础上,文章概述了社会—生态韧性在不同学科领域的研究成果,主要集中在韧性机制、韧性评估和韧性管理等多个层面,对于社会—生态韧性在城市治理层面的应用提升有借鉴作用。同时文章概述了韧性研究的内涵和主要发展过程,经历了从工程韧性到生态韧性再到社会—生态韧性的演变,形成了支撑现代韧性理论的基础支柱。从社会—生态韧性理论在城市治理的应用层面来说,需要关注到以下几个关键问题:社会系统与生态系统之间的相互作用以及动态的适应过程;社会—生态韧性对于城市规划和治理方式的影响;跨学科的社会—生态韧性研究框架和城市治理模式的构建。展开更多
The complexity of social-ecological systems(SES) is rooted in the outcomes of node activities connected by network topology. Thus far, in network dynamics research, the connectivity degree(CND), indicating how many no...The complexity of social-ecological systems(SES) is rooted in the outcomes of node activities connected by network topology. Thus far, in network dynamics research, the connectivity degree(CND), indicating how many nodes are connected to a given node, has been the dominant concept. However, connectivity focuses only on network topology, neglecting the crucial relation to node activities, and thereby leaving system outcomes largely unexplained. Inspired by the phenomenon of ‘‘consensus of wills and coordination of activities' ' often observed in disaster risk management, we propose a new concept of network characteristic, the consilience degree(CSD),aiming to measure the way in which network topology and node activities together contribute to system outcomes. The CSD captures the fact that nodes may assume different states that make their activities more or less compatible.Connecting two nodes with in/compatible states will lead to outcomes that are un/desirable from the perspective of the SES in question. We mathematically prove that the CSD is a generalized CND, and the CND is a special case of CSD. As a general, fundamental concept, the CSD can facilitate the development of a new framework of network properties, models, and theories that allows us to understand patterns of network behavior that cannot be explained in terms of connectivity alone. We further demonstrate that a co-evolutionary mechanism can naturally improve the CSD. Given the generality of co-evolution in SES, we argue that the CSD is an inherent attribute rather than an artificial concept, which underpins the fundamental importance of the CSD to the study of SES.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571124)。
文摘Ecological security is the foundation and guarantee of sustainable development,and its importance is increasingly widely recognized and valued by the world.The Yangtze River Basin is an important ecological security barrier in China and the Wanjiang City Belt(WCB)along the Yangtze River is directly related to the ecological security pattern of the entire basin.Based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response(DPSIR)model and a geographical information system(GIS)platform,an ecosystem security evaluation index system was constructed to measure and evaluate the evolution of ecosystem security in the WCB,China.Results showed that:1)From 2000 to 2018,the overall level of ecological security in the study area was in a state of either early warning or medium warning,but the level of ecological security in each prefecture-level city was significantly different.2)From the perspective of the evolution of the ecosystem,the value of its comprehensive evaluation index dropped from 4.255 in 2000 to 3.885 in 2018.From the perspective of subsystems,the value of Pressure comprehensive evaluation index is much higher than that of other subsystems,indicating that during the rapid development of the social economy,the pressure on the natural environment tended to rise,and triggered changes in the State and Response subsystems.3)The coefficient of variation(CV)of the Driver was much higher than other factors influencing the ecological security system.There are large differences in the economic development and ecological evolution of the cities in the WCB.This study has improved the theoretical research on regional ecological security,and has certain practical guiding significance for building a beautiful,green and sustainable China and promoting global ecological security.
文摘社会—生态韧性作为社会生态系统(Social-Ecological System,SES)的动态属性,其研究涉及自然、社会和经济的大量信息和复杂的耦合关系,对于城市治理领域,尤其在城市规划与治理实践层面有着重要的指导意义。研究基础数据为Web of Science(WoS)核心合集中2 906篇基础研究成果和345篇筛选后的精准研究成果,初步分析表明过去的20年内,关于社会—生态韧性的研究引起了各个学科的关注,并将持续成为地理学、生态学、城市管理学等学科共同关注的焦点。在此基础上,文章概述了社会—生态韧性在不同学科领域的研究成果,主要集中在韧性机制、韧性评估和韧性管理等多个层面,对于社会—生态韧性在城市治理层面的应用提升有借鉴作用。同时文章概述了韧性研究的内涵和主要发展过程,经历了从工程韧性到生态韧性再到社会—生态韧性的演变,形成了支撑现代韧性理论的基础支柱。从社会—生态韧性理论在城市治理的应用层面来说,需要关注到以下几个关键问题:社会系统与生态系统之间的相互作用以及动态的适应过程;社会—生态韧性对于城市规划和治理方式的影响;跨学科的社会—生态韧性研究框架和城市治理模式的构建。
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Programme (Grant No. 2016YFA0602404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61472041)
文摘The complexity of social-ecological systems(SES) is rooted in the outcomes of node activities connected by network topology. Thus far, in network dynamics research, the connectivity degree(CND), indicating how many nodes are connected to a given node, has been the dominant concept. However, connectivity focuses only on network topology, neglecting the crucial relation to node activities, and thereby leaving system outcomes largely unexplained. Inspired by the phenomenon of ‘‘consensus of wills and coordination of activities' ' often observed in disaster risk management, we propose a new concept of network characteristic, the consilience degree(CSD),aiming to measure the way in which network topology and node activities together contribute to system outcomes. The CSD captures the fact that nodes may assume different states that make their activities more or less compatible.Connecting two nodes with in/compatible states will lead to outcomes that are un/desirable from the perspective of the SES in question. We mathematically prove that the CSD is a generalized CND, and the CND is a special case of CSD. As a general, fundamental concept, the CSD can facilitate the development of a new framework of network properties, models, and theories that allows us to understand patterns of network behavior that cannot be explained in terms of connectivity alone. We further demonstrate that a co-evolutionary mechanism can naturally improve the CSD. Given the generality of co-evolution in SES, we argue that the CSD is an inherent attribute rather than an artificial concept, which underpins the fundamental importance of the CSD to the study of SES.
