The short-time eco-physiological response to dust was measured for the leaves of 22 local popular plant species including roadside trees, fruit trees, forest trees and crop species in Beijing. The dust did affect the ...The short-time eco-physiological response to dust was measured for the leaves of 22 local popular plant species including roadside trees, fruit trees, forest trees and crop species in Beijing. The dust did affect the eco-physiology of leaves of these species. After being covered by dust the instant net photosynthetic rates of most plant species changed insignificantly, but it decreased by more than 35% for 5 species, and it increased by-more than 57% for Ginkgo biloba L. The respiration rates of 12 plant species increased significantly, but it decreased significantly for Malus pumila Mill. (M. communis D C.) and Cotinus coggygria (L.) Scop., and it changed insignificantly for the other 8 species. The transpiration rates of 5 plant species increased significantly, however, they decreased for 9 species, and changed insignificantly for the other 8 species. Platanus occidentalis L. had highest dust carrying capacity. After 2 h the physiological indices did not change significantly for Diospyros kaki L. f., G. biloba and Populus tomentosa Carr. The implications of the research are that Ulmus laevis Pall., M. pumila (M. communis), D. kaki and G. biloba are suitable for amelioration of dust storm damage and increase in local economical development near the sources of dust storms in western China. And in the cities, such as Beijing and other dust areas, the plants have high dust-carrying capacity can be planted for air cleaning.展开更多
A cotton cultivar Xinluzao 8 was grown under four levels of water stress treatments （normal irrigation, slight, mild and severe water stress） from the initial reproductive growth stage in Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, i...A cotton cultivar Xinluzao 8 was grown under four levels of water stress treatments （normal irrigation, slight, mild and severe water stress） from the initial reproductive growth stage in Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, in 2002, to evaluate the growth and eco-physiological performances. Under water stress conditions, the transpiration ability decreased while the leaf temperature increased. Although the relative leaf water content decreased as water stress increased, the differences among the treatments were small, indicating that cotton has high ability in maintaining water in leaf. The stomatal density increased as water stress increased, while the maximum stomatal aperture reduced only in the severest stressed plants. The time of the maximum stomatal aperture was delayed in the mild and severe stressed plants. When severe stress occurred, the stomata were kept open until the transpiration decreased to nearly zero, suggesting that the stomata might not be the main factor in adjusting transpiration in cotton. Cotton plant has high adaptation ability to water stress conditions because of decrease in both stomatal conductance and hydraulic conductance from soil-to-leaf pathway. The actual quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ （PS Ⅱ） decreased under water stress conditions, while the maximum quantum yield of PS Ⅱ did not vary among treatments, suggesting that PS II would not be damaged by water stress. The total dry weight reduced as water stress increased.展开更多
Digital plant canopy imager and photosynthesis analyzer system were used to analyze thecharacteristics of canopy structure, photosynthetic physiology and micro-environmentalfactors at R4-R5 stage in different yielding...Digital plant canopy imager and photosynthesis analyzer system were used to analyze thecharacteristics of canopy structure, photosynthetic physiology and micro-environmentalfactors at R4-R5 stage in different yielding soybean cultivars or lines with differentmaturities. The results showed that the common characteristics of high yielding soybeancultivars were high LAI, uniform foliage distribution in all horizontal directions, lessvariance of photosynthetic rate between top and bottom leaves in canopy and relativelyhigher photosynthetic rate of the whole canopy. All these characters combined in allresulted in higher canopy photosynthetic productivity, and pod number, seed number andseed weight per plant, especially pod and seed number in top and middle canopy wereincreased. The characters of high yielding canopy varied among maturities. Light interceptionwas more important to early cultivars. Less foliage inclination angle was benefit tointercept more solar energy during yield formation. As late soybean cultivars had a moreclosure canopy and higher LAI, greater foliage inclination angle in all layers of highyielding canopy made more solar radiation penetrate into canopy, which was beneficial toyield formation.展开更多
The regeneration of Tetracentron sinense Oliv.is poor in the understory and in open areas due to the charac-teristics of natural regeneration of the species on forest edges and in gaps.It is unclear whether different ...The regeneration of Tetracentron sinense Oliv.is poor in the understory and in open areas due to the charac-teristics of natural regeneration of the species on forest edges and in gaps.It is unclear whether different light intensities in various habitats affect eco-physiological characteristics of saplings and their natural regeneration.In this study,the light intensity in T.sinense habitats was simulated by artificial shading(L1:100%NS(natural sunlight)in the open;L2:50%NS in a forest gap or edge;L3:10%NS in understory)to investigate differences in morphology,leaf structure,physiology,and photosynthesis of 2-year-old sap-lings,and to analyze the mechanism of light intensity on sapling establishment.Significant differences were observed in morphology(including leaf area,and specific leaf area)under different light intensities.Compared to L1 and L3,chloroplast structure in L2 was intact.With increasing time,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities in L2 became gradually higher than under the other light intensities,while malondialdehyde(MDA)content was opposite.Shading decreased osmoregulation substance contents of leaves but increased chlorophyll.The results suggest that light intensities significantly affect the eco-physiological characteristics of T.sinense saplings and they would respond most favorably at intermediate levels of light by optimizing eco-physiological characteristics.Therefore,50%natural sunlight should be created to promote saplings establishment and population recovery of T.sinense during in situ conservation,including sowing mature seeds in forest edges or gaps and providing appropriate shade protection for seedlings and saplings in the open.展开更多
The soybean cultivar Yudou25 was sown at 5 locations of Henan Province on 13 differentdates in 2001 and 2002. The data of isoflavone contents for the 109 samples of soybeanseed and 33 eco-physiological factors includi...The soybean cultivar Yudou25 was sown at 5 locations of Henan Province on 13 differentdates in 2001 and 2002. The data of isoflavone contents for the 109 samples of soybeanseed and 33 eco-physiological factors including meteorological factors, soil nutritionand altitudes were received and used for statistical analysis. The step-wise regressionwas used to screen the correlated factors, which significantly effected isoflavonecontents. Results showed that 9 eco-physiological factors were highly correlated withisoflavones. Low mean temperature, high diurnal temperature range at seed filling andmaturity, more sunlight hours and low mean temperature at emergence were favorable toisoflavone accumulation. The rainfall at emergence showed a nonlinear relationship withisoflavone content and its optimum value was 75 mm for isoflavone formation. Low diurnaltemperature range at branching, high organic matter and low sulfur content in soil weresuitable for the formation of isoflavones. The isoflavone contents would not be affectedby other eco-physiological factors in this study.展开更多
Temperature of a plant organ constitutes an integrative index to its eco-physiological properties and status.However,little attempt has been made to dissect the combined effect of ecological and physiological factors ...Temperature of a plant organ constitutes an integrative index to its eco-physiological properties and status.However,little attempt has been made to dissect the combined effect of ecological and physiological factors on the surface temperature of a plant organ such as the rice spikelet.In this study,using a deactivated plant as reference,we developed a novel comparison method to dissect the environmental and physiological effects on temperature of rice spikelet.Three japonica rice cultivars with contrasting canopy features were used as testing materials.Temperatures of flag leaf,superior and inferior spikelets and their diurnal rhythm during grain filling stage were precisely measured by a hand-held infrared thermometer.The results showed that the variation of environmental conditions within a panicle was relatively minor,posing a limited influence on temperature difference between the superior and inferior spikelet.On the other hand,it was the intrinsic physiological properties that considerably affected the spatial variations of spikelet temperature within a panicle.Chemical analysis of sucrose and starch in grains and bracts indicated that the superior spikelet is more physiologically active at photosynthetic assimilation and starch biosynthesis.Interestingly,sugar in bracts exhibited a pattern of diurnal changes similar to the source leaf but different from the sink grain,confirming that bracts are source organs for grain filling.Our findings yield penetrating insight into the eco-physiological foundation of spikelet temperature,thus being helpful for the application of physiological approaches in crop breeding for cooler canopy.展开更多
Eco-physiological responses of seedlings of eight species, Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Populus ussuriensis, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Traxinus mandshurica and Acer mono from broadlea...Eco-physiological responses of seedlings of eight species, Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Populus ussuriensis, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Traxinus mandshurica and Acer mono from broadleaved/Korean pine forest, to elevated CO2 were studied by using open-top chambers under natural sunlight in Changbai Mountain, China in two growing seasons (1998-1999). Two concentrations of CO2 were designed: elevated CO2 (700 祄olmol-1) and ambient CO2 (400 祄olmol-1). The study results showed that the height growth of the tree seedlings grown at elevated CO2 increased by about 10%-40% compared to those grown at ambient CO2. And the water using efficiency of seedlings also followed the same tendency. However, the responses of seedlings in transpiration and chlorophyll content to elevated CO2 varied with tree species. The broad-leaf tree species were more sensitive to the elevated CO2 than conifer tree species. All seedlings showed a photosynthetic acclimation to long-term elevated CO2.展开更多
文摘The short-time eco-physiological response to dust was measured for the leaves of 22 local popular plant species including roadside trees, fruit trees, forest trees and crop species in Beijing. The dust did affect the eco-physiology of leaves of these species. After being covered by dust the instant net photosynthetic rates of most plant species changed insignificantly, but it decreased by more than 35% for 5 species, and it increased by-more than 57% for Ginkgo biloba L. The respiration rates of 12 plant species increased significantly, but it decreased significantly for Malus pumila Mill. (M. communis D C.) and Cotinus coggygria (L.) Scop., and it changed insignificantly for the other 8 species. The transpiration rates of 5 plant species increased significantly, however, they decreased for 9 species, and changed insignificantly for the other 8 species. Platanus occidentalis L. had highest dust carrying capacity. After 2 h the physiological indices did not change significantly for Diospyros kaki L. f., G. biloba and Populus tomentosa Carr. The implications of the research are that Ulmus laevis Pall., M. pumila (M. communis), D. kaki and G. biloba are suitable for amelioration of dust storm damage and increase in local economical development near the sources of dust storms in western China. And in the cities, such as Beijing and other dust areas, the plants have high dust-carrying capacity can be planted for air cleaning.
文摘A cotton cultivar Xinluzao 8 was grown under four levels of water stress treatments （normal irrigation, slight, mild and severe water stress） from the initial reproductive growth stage in Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, in 2002, to evaluate the growth and eco-physiological performances. Under water stress conditions, the transpiration ability decreased while the leaf temperature increased. Although the relative leaf water content decreased as water stress increased, the differences among the treatments were small, indicating that cotton has high ability in maintaining water in leaf. The stomatal density increased as water stress increased, while the maximum stomatal aperture reduced only in the severest stressed plants. The time of the maximum stomatal aperture was delayed in the mild and severe stressed plants. When severe stress occurred, the stomata were kept open until the transpiration decreased to nearly zero, suggesting that the stomata might not be the main factor in adjusting transpiration in cotton. Cotton plant has high adaptation ability to water stress conditions because of decrease in both stomatal conductance and hydraulic conductance from soil-to-leaf pathway. The actual quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ （PS Ⅱ） decreased under water stress conditions, while the maximum quantum yield of PS Ⅱ did not vary among treatments, suggesting that PS II would not be damaged by water stress. The total dry weight reduced as water stress increased.
基金This research was granted by Heilongjiang Province Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientist Award(JT01-02)a part of Knowledge Innovation Project from Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX2-SW-416-3).
文摘Digital plant canopy imager and photosynthesis analyzer system were used to analyze thecharacteristics of canopy structure, photosynthetic physiology and micro-environmentalfactors at R4-R5 stage in different yielding soybean cultivars or lines with differentmaturities. The results showed that the common characteristics of high yielding soybeancultivars were high LAI, uniform foliage distribution in all horizontal directions, lessvariance of photosynthetic rate between top and bottom leaves in canopy and relativelyhigher photosynthetic rate of the whole canopy. All these characters combined in allresulted in higher canopy photosynthetic productivity, and pod number, seed number andseed weight per plant, especially pod and seed number in top and middle canopy wereincreased. The characters of high yielding canopy varied among maturities. Light interceptionwas more important to early cultivars. Less foliage inclination angle was benefit tointercept more solar energy during yield formation. As late soybean cultivars had a moreclosure canopy and higher LAI, greater foliage inclination angle in all layers of highyielding canopy made more solar radiation penetrate into canopy, which was beneficial toyield formation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32070371)the Innovation Team Funds of China West Normal University (No.KCXTD2022-4)+1 种基金the fund of Sichuan Meigu Dafegnding National Nature Reserve (No.mgdfd2022-13)Sichuan Micang Mountain National Nature Reserve (No.N5108212022000043)。
文摘The regeneration of Tetracentron sinense Oliv.is poor in the understory and in open areas due to the charac-teristics of natural regeneration of the species on forest edges and in gaps.It is unclear whether different light intensities in various habitats affect eco-physiological characteristics of saplings and their natural regeneration.In this study,the light intensity in T.sinense habitats was simulated by artificial shading(L1:100%NS(natural sunlight)in the open;L2:50%NS in a forest gap or edge;L3:10%NS in understory)to investigate differences in morphology,leaf structure,physiology,and photosynthesis of 2-year-old sap-lings,and to analyze the mechanism of light intensity on sapling establishment.Significant differences were observed in morphology(including leaf area,and specific leaf area)under different light intensities.Compared to L1 and L3,chloroplast structure in L2 was intact.With increasing time,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities in L2 became gradually higher than under the other light intensities,while malondialdehyde(MDA)content was opposite.Shading decreased osmoregulation substance contents of leaves but increased chlorophyll.The results suggest that light intensities significantly affect the eco-physiological characteristics of T.sinense saplings and they would respond most favorably at intermediate levels of light by optimizing eco-physiological characteristics.Therefore,50%natural sunlight should be created to promote saplings establishment and population recovery of T.sinense during in situ conservation,including sowing mature seeds in forest edges or gaps and providing appropriate shade protection for seedlings and saplings in the open.
文摘The soybean cultivar Yudou25 was sown at 5 locations of Henan Province on 13 differentdates in 2001 and 2002. The data of isoflavone contents for the 109 samples of soybeanseed and 33 eco-physiological factors including meteorological factors, soil nutritionand altitudes were received and used for statistical analysis. The step-wise regressionwas used to screen the correlated factors, which significantly effected isoflavonecontents. Results showed that 9 eco-physiological factors were highly correlated withisoflavones. Low mean temperature, high diurnal temperature range at seed filling andmaturity, more sunlight hours and low mean temperature at emergence were favorable toisoflavone accumulation. The rainfall at emergence showed a nonlinear relationship withisoflavone content and its optimum value was 75 mm for isoflavone formation. Low diurnaltemperature range at branching, high organic matter and low sulfur content in soil weresuitable for the formation of isoflavones. The isoflavone contents would not be affectedby other eco-physiological factors in this study.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0300103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771719)+2 种基金National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2014AA10A605)strategic funding the Biological and Biotechnological Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdomthe Designing Future Wheat Strategic Program (BB/P016855/1)。
文摘Temperature of a plant organ constitutes an integrative index to its eco-physiological properties and status.However,little attempt has been made to dissect the combined effect of ecological and physiological factors on the surface temperature of a plant organ such as the rice spikelet.In this study,using a deactivated plant as reference,we developed a novel comparison method to dissect the environmental and physiological effects on temperature of rice spikelet.Three japonica rice cultivars with contrasting canopy features were used as testing materials.Temperatures of flag leaf,superior and inferior spikelets and their diurnal rhythm during grain filling stage were precisely measured by a hand-held infrared thermometer.The results showed that the variation of environmental conditions within a panicle was relatively minor,posing a limited influence on temperature difference between the superior and inferior spikelet.On the other hand,it was the intrinsic physiological properties that considerably affected the spatial variations of spikelet temperature within a panicle.Chemical analysis of sucrose and starch in grains and bracts indicated that the superior spikelet is more physiologically active at photosynthetic assimilation and starch biosynthesis.Interestingly,sugar in bracts exhibited a pattern of diurnal changes similar to the source leaf but different from the sink grain,confirming that bracts are source organs for grain filling.Our findings yield penetrating insight into the eco-physiological foundation of spikelet temperature,thus being helpful for the application of physiological approaches in crop breeding for cooler canopy.
基金The project was supported by National Key Basic Development of China (G1999043400) and the grant KZCX-406-4 KZCX1SW01 of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Eco-physiological responses of seedlings of eight species, Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Populus ussuriensis, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Traxinus mandshurica and Acer mono from broadleaved/Korean pine forest, to elevated CO2 were studied by using open-top chambers under natural sunlight in Changbai Mountain, China in two growing seasons (1998-1999). Two concentrations of CO2 were designed: elevated CO2 (700 祄olmol-1) and ambient CO2 (400 祄olmol-1). The study results showed that the height growth of the tree seedlings grown at elevated CO2 increased by about 10%-40% compared to those grown at ambient CO2. And the water using efficiency of seedlings also followed the same tendency. However, the responses of seedlings in transpiration and chlorophyll content to elevated CO2 varied with tree species. The broad-leaf tree species were more sensitive to the elevated CO2 than conifer tree species. All seedlings showed a photosynthetic acclimation to long-term elevated CO2.
