Objective：To summarize and critically evaluate the evidence for and against the effectiveness of Eastern-Western integrative medicine（EWIM） for health care compared to Eastern medicine（EM） or Western medicine（WM...Objective：To summarize and critically evaluate the evidence for and against the effectiveness of Eastern-Western integrative medicine（EWIM） for health care compared to Eastern medicine（EM） or Western medicine（WM） alone.Methods：Systematic searches were conducted on five Korean medical databases.Manual searches were also conducted through nine major Korean medical journals.Prospective randomized clinical trials （RCTs） were included if EWIM was tested for any type of conditions compared to EM or WM.Results：There were one hundred forty-one possibly relevant studies were identified,and seven RCTs were included.The risk of bias was high in most studies.The EWIM methods were compared with EM or WM in patients with pain conditions in four studies.These studies showed favorable effects of EWIM on pain reduction in patients with shoulder pain and chronic headache compared with EM,while the other RCTs failed to do so in traffic injury patients.Two studies tested EWIM in patients with Bell＇s palsy compared with EM and found acute functional improvement.An RCT comparing EWIM with WM in patients with acne showed a significant difference.Conclusion：The results of our systematic review suggest that there is limited evidence for the superiority of EWIM over EM or WM in the treatment of pain and acute symptom improvement in patients with Bell＇s palsy.The evidence from our analysis was limited from the low number of RCTs included and the high risk of bias.Future RCTs appear to be warranted.展开更多
The Dunhuang manuscripts were discovered in a hidden cave in the northwest of China in 1900( Whitfield et al. 2000,34). These manuscripts were subsequently separated and dispersed around and in doing so have documente...The Dunhuang manuscripts were discovered in a hidden cave in the northwest of China in 1900( Whitfield et al. 2000,34). These manuscripts were subsequently separated and dispersed around and in doing so have documented the cultural exchanges between the East and the West in the past and continue to do so in the present( Lee 2000). The manuscripts have been collected,treated,and researched by both European and Asian national institutions including countries such as Japan,France,Germany and Russia( IDP 2008). The holding institutions’ perspective on its ownership reflects the different attitudes of the national institutions to past events. For these reasons the manuscripts are an ideal collection to investigate a perceived difference between Eastern and Western approaches to conservation decisions.In order to achieve this aim this research focuses on the Dunhuang manuscripts that are currently held in two institutions: the British Library in London( BL) and the National Library of China in Beijing( NLC). These institutions provide a focus around the notion of an Eastern and Western perspective. They are selective representations and are studied with a recognition that the differences between the East and West are much more complicated. The research was undertaken in a period of four months,based on the existing published literature on the Dunhuang manuscripts and written materials on related conservation and theoretical approaches.Communications in the form of personal interviews and e-mail were also carried out with relevant members from both libraries.展开更多
Nowadays, Chinese people at different ages are willing to take international English tests to validate their English proficiency getting a job or to further their education abroad. Also, it is apparent to realize the ...Nowadays, Chinese people at different ages are willing to take international English tests to validate their English proficiency getting a job or to further their education abroad. Also, it is apparent to realize the IELTS influence on Chinese society including different culture between Chinese and Western, various English learning system and the resulting "international education flows". It is not only a test, individuals in EFL countries may absorb lots of advantages from the IELTS which will benefit for Chinese students and Chinese educational system.展开更多
文摘Objective：To summarize and critically evaluate the evidence for and against the effectiveness of Eastern-Western integrative medicine（EWIM） for health care compared to Eastern medicine（EM） or Western medicine（WM） alone.Methods：Systematic searches were conducted on five Korean medical databases.Manual searches were also conducted through nine major Korean medical journals.Prospective randomized clinical trials （RCTs） were included if EWIM was tested for any type of conditions compared to EM or WM.Results：There were one hundred forty-one possibly relevant studies were identified,and seven RCTs were included.The risk of bias was high in most studies.The EWIM methods were compared with EM or WM in patients with pain conditions in four studies.These studies showed favorable effects of EWIM on pain reduction in patients with shoulder pain and chronic headache compared with EM,while the other RCTs failed to do so in traffic injury patients.Two studies tested EWIM in patients with Bell＇s palsy compared with EM and found acute functional improvement.An RCT comparing EWIM with WM in patients with acne showed a significant difference.Conclusion：The results of our systematic review suggest that there is limited evidence for the superiority of EWIM over EM or WM in the treatment of pain and acute symptom improvement in patients with Bell＇s palsy.The evidence from our analysis was limited from the low number of RCTs included and the high risk of bias.Future RCTs appear to be warranted.
文摘The Dunhuang manuscripts were discovered in a hidden cave in the northwest of China in 1900( Whitfield et al. 2000,34). These manuscripts were subsequently separated and dispersed around and in doing so have documented the cultural exchanges between the East and the West in the past and continue to do so in the present( Lee 2000). The manuscripts have been collected,treated,and researched by both European and Asian national institutions including countries such as Japan,France,Germany and Russia( IDP 2008). The holding institutions’ perspective on its ownership reflects the different attitudes of the national institutions to past events. For these reasons the manuscripts are an ideal collection to investigate a perceived difference between Eastern and Western approaches to conservation decisions.In order to achieve this aim this research focuses on the Dunhuang manuscripts that are currently held in two institutions: the British Library in London( BL) and the National Library of China in Beijing( NLC). These institutions provide a focus around the notion of an Eastern and Western perspective. They are selective representations and are studied with a recognition that the differences between the East and West are much more complicated. The research was undertaken in a period of four months,based on the existing published literature on the Dunhuang manuscripts and written materials on related conservation and theoretical approaches.Communications in the form of personal interviews and e-mail were also carried out with relevant members from both libraries.
文摘Nowadays, Chinese people at different ages are willing to take international English tests to validate their English proficiency getting a job or to further their education abroad. Also, it is apparent to realize the IELTS influence on Chinese society including different culture between Chinese and Western, various English learning system and the resulting "international education flows". It is not only a test, individuals in EFL countries may absorb lots of advantages from the IELTS which will benefit for Chinese students and Chinese educational system.
