Local ablative techniques-percutaneous ethanol injection, microwave coagulation therapy and radiofrequency ablation (RFA)-have been developed to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The success rate of p...Local ablative techniques-percutaneous ethanol injection, microwave coagulation therapy and radiofrequency ablation (RFA)-have been developed to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The success rate of percutaneous ablation therapy for HCC depends on correct targeting of the tumor via an imaging technique. However, probe insertion often is not completely accurate for small HCC nodules, which are poorly def ined on conventional B-mode ultrasound (US) alone. Thus, multiple sessions of ablation therapy are frequently required in diffi cult cases. By means of two breakthroughs in US technology, harmonic imaging and the development of second-generation contrast agents, dynamic contrast-enhanced harmonic US imaging with an intravenous contrast agent can depict tumor vascularity sensitively and accurately, and is able to evaluate small hypervascular HCCs even when B-mode US cannot adequately characterize the tumors. Therefore, dynamic contrast-enhanced US can facilitate RFA electrode placement in hypervascular HCC, which is poorly depicted by B-mode US. The use of dynamic contrast-enhanced US guidance in ablation therapy for liver cancer is an effi cient approach. Here, we present an overview of the current status of dynamic contrast-enhanced US-guided ablation therapy, and summarize the current indications and outcomes of reported clinical use in comparison with that of other modalities.展开更多
The analysis of interwell connectivity plays an important role in the formulation of oilfield development plans and the description of residual oil distribution. In fact, sandstone reservoirs in China's onshore oi...The analysis of interwell connectivity plays an important role in the formulation of oilfield development plans and the description of residual oil distribution. In fact, sandstone reservoirs in China's onshore oilfields generally have the characteristics of thin and many layers, so multi-layer joint production is usually adopted. It remains a challenge to ensure the accuracy of splitting and dynamic connectivity in each layer of the injection-production wells with limited field data. The three-dimensional well pattern of multi-layer reservoir and the relationship between injection-production wells can be equivalent to a directional heterogeneous graph. In this paper, an improved graph neural network is proposed to construct an interacting process mimics the real interwell flow regularity. In detail, this method is used to split injection and production rates by combining permeability, porosity and effective thickness, and to invert the dynamic connectivity in each layer of the injection-production wells by attention mechanism.Based on the material balance and physical information, the overall connectivity from the injection wells,through the water injection layers to the production layers and the output of final production wells is established. Meanwhile, the change of well pattern caused by perforation, plugging and switching of wells at different times is achieved by updated graph structure in spatial and temporal ways. The effectiveness of the method is verified by a combination of reservoir numerical simulation examples and field example. The method corresponds to the actual situation of the reservoir, has wide adaptability and low cost, has good practical value, and provides a reference for adjusting the injection-production relationship of the reservoir and the development of the remaining oil.展开更多
为了研究1200 V SiC MOSFET在重复非钳位感性开关(Unclamped-Inductive-Switching,UIS)应力下的电学参数退化机制,基于自行搭建的UIS实验平台以及Sentaurus仿真设计工具,首先深入分析了重复UIS测试后器件静态参数与动态参数的退化;接着...为了研究1200 V SiC MOSFET在重复非钳位感性开关(Unclamped-Inductive-Switching,UIS)应力下的电学参数退化机制,基于自行搭建的UIS实验平台以及Sentaurus仿真设计工具,首先深入分析了重复UIS测试后器件静态参数与动态参数的退化;接着基于FN隧穿公式对栅极漏电流数据进行拟合,得到随着UIS测试次数增加SiC/SiO2界面的势垒高度从2.52 eV逐渐降低到2.06 eV;最后解释了SiC MOSFET在重复UIS测试后的电流输运过程。结果表明,在重复雪崩应力的作用下,大量的正电荷注入至结型场效应管区域上方的栅极氧化层中,影响了该区域的电场分布以及耗尽层厚度,导致被测器件(Device Under Test,DUT)的导通电阻、漏源泄漏电流、电容特性等电学参数呈现出不同程度的退化,并且氧化物中的正电荷的积累也使电子隧穿通过栅介质的电流得到了抬升。展开更多
文摘Local ablative techniques-percutaneous ethanol injection, microwave coagulation therapy and radiofrequency ablation (RFA)-have been developed to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The success rate of percutaneous ablation therapy for HCC depends on correct targeting of the tumor via an imaging technique. However, probe insertion often is not completely accurate for small HCC nodules, which are poorly def ined on conventional B-mode ultrasound (US) alone. Thus, multiple sessions of ablation therapy are frequently required in diffi cult cases. By means of two breakthroughs in US technology, harmonic imaging and the development of second-generation contrast agents, dynamic contrast-enhanced harmonic US imaging with an intravenous contrast agent can depict tumor vascularity sensitively and accurately, and is able to evaluate small hypervascular HCCs even when B-mode US cannot adequately characterize the tumors. Therefore, dynamic contrast-enhanced US can facilitate RFA electrode placement in hypervascular HCC, which is poorly depicted by B-mode US. The use of dynamic contrast-enhanced US guidance in ablation therapy for liver cancer is an effi cient approach. Here, we present an overview of the current status of dynamic contrast-enhanced US-guided ablation therapy, and summarize the current indications and outcomes of reported clinical use in comparison with that of other modalities.
基金the support of the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.52074336)Emerging Big Data Projects of Sinopec Corporation(No.20210918084304712)。
文摘The analysis of interwell connectivity plays an important role in the formulation of oilfield development plans and the description of residual oil distribution. In fact, sandstone reservoirs in China's onshore oilfields generally have the characteristics of thin and many layers, so multi-layer joint production is usually adopted. It remains a challenge to ensure the accuracy of splitting and dynamic connectivity in each layer of the injection-production wells with limited field data. The three-dimensional well pattern of multi-layer reservoir and the relationship between injection-production wells can be equivalent to a directional heterogeneous graph. In this paper, an improved graph neural network is proposed to construct an interacting process mimics the real interwell flow regularity. In detail, this method is used to split injection and production rates by combining permeability, porosity and effective thickness, and to invert the dynamic connectivity in each layer of the injection-production wells by attention mechanism.Based on the material balance and physical information, the overall connectivity from the injection wells,through the water injection layers to the production layers and the output of final production wells is established. Meanwhile, the change of well pattern caused by perforation, plugging and switching of wells at different times is achieved by updated graph structure in spatial and temporal ways. The effectiveness of the method is verified by a combination of reservoir numerical simulation examples and field example. The method corresponds to the actual situation of the reservoir, has wide adaptability and low cost, has good practical value, and provides a reference for adjusting the injection-production relationship of the reservoir and the development of the remaining oil.
文摘为了研究1200 V SiC MOSFET在重复非钳位感性开关(Unclamped-Inductive-Switching,UIS)应力下的电学参数退化机制,基于自行搭建的UIS实验平台以及Sentaurus仿真设计工具,首先深入分析了重复UIS测试后器件静态参数与动态参数的退化;接着基于FN隧穿公式对栅极漏电流数据进行拟合,得到随着UIS测试次数增加SiC/SiO2界面的势垒高度从2.52 eV逐渐降低到2.06 eV;最后解释了SiC MOSFET在重复UIS测试后的电流输运过程。结果表明,在重复雪崩应力的作用下,大量的正电荷注入至结型场效应管区域上方的栅极氧化层中,影响了该区域的电场分布以及耗尽层厚度,导致被测器件(Device Under Test,DUT)的导通电阻、漏源泄漏电流、电容特性等电学参数呈现出不同程度的退化,并且氧化物中的正电荷的积累也使电子隧穿通过栅介质的电流得到了抬升。
