Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show t...Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 mg/m3 during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 mg/m3, respectively. These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in Beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in Beijing.展开更多
2018年11月底淄博市经历了一次沙尘影响下的大气重污染过程,为研究此次重污染过程形成机制,分析了淄博市ρ(PM 10)和ρ(PM2.5)及PM2.5化学组分特征,并利用PMF模型和后向轨迹模型对颗粒物的来源进行研究.结果表明:①污染期间,ρ(PM 10)和...2018年11月底淄博市经历了一次沙尘影响下的大气重污染过程,为研究此次重污染过程形成机制,分析了淄博市ρ(PM 10)和ρ(PM2.5)及PM2.5化学组分特征,并利用PMF模型和后向轨迹模型对颗粒物的来源进行研究.结果表明:①污染期间,ρ(PM 10)和ρ(PM2.5)小时平均值分别为(259±111)和(133±51)μg m 3,分别是污染后ρ(PM 10)〔(88±38)μg m 3〕和ρ(PM2.5)〔(36±14)μg m 3〕的2.9和3.7倍.②受沙尘的影响,Ca 2+、Mg 2+、Al、Mg、Ca、Si等代表沙尘源的离子和元素组分的质量浓度在PM2.5中占比均高于污染后.③72 h后向轨迹结果表明,除受西北方向沙尘传输气流影响外,局地盘旋的当地气流也增加了污染物的累积,此次大气污染过程是本地污染物累积及西北沙尘传输共同作用形成的.④PMF模型解析表明,污染期间扬尘源是PM2.5的首要贡献源类,贡献率达33.61%,说明沙尘过境对此次污染过程有较大贡献;污染后工业源贡献显著增高,成为主要污染源,贡献率为22.71%,体现了淄博市是重工业城市的特点.研究显示,淄博市此次重污染过程颗粒物来源复杂,除受本地区域污染影响外,外来沙尘过境贡献也较大.展开更多
Dust events occurred frequently in Beijing in recent years. In this work, 120 aerosol samples were collected in two typical dust events (21-22 March and 15 May) and a non-dust period in Beijing from March to May 2001....Dust events occurred frequently in Beijing in recent years. In this work, 120 aerosol samples were collected in two typical dust events (21-22 March and 15 May) and a non-dust period in Beijing from March to May 2001. Samples were analyzed for major elemental components by the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method. Results show that the enrichment factors of crustal elements such as Mg, Al, and Ti had little differences between the dust period and the non-dust period in Beijing, while the enrichment factors of other elements that have a relation to anthropogenic emissions were very low during the dust period. The results derived by using multivariate factor analysis from the observation data show that the sources such as soil dust, industry, and fuel combustion were among the major contributors to the particles in Beijing.展开更多
Measurements were performed in spring 2001 and 2002 to determine the characteristics of soil dust in the Chinese desert region of Dunhuang, one of the ground sites of the Asia-Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization...Measurements were performed in spring 2001 and 2002 to determine the characteristics of soil dust in the Chinese desert region of Dunhuang, one of the ground sites of the Asia-Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment （ACE-Asia）. The mean mass concentrations of total suspended particle matter during the spring of 2001 and 2002 were 317μg m^-3 and 307μg m^-3, respectively. Eleven dust storm events were observed with a mean aerosol concentration of 1095μg m^-3, while the non-dusty days with calm or weak wind speed had a background aerosol loading of 196μg m^-3 on average in the springtime. The main minerals detected in the aerosol samples by X-ray diffraction were illite, kaolinite, chlorite, quartz, feldspar, calcite and dolomite. Gypsum, halite and amphibole were also detected in a few samples. The mineralogical data also show that Asian dust is characterized by a kaolinite to chlorite （K/C） ratio lower than 1 whereas Saharan dust exhibits a K/C ratio larger than 2. Air mass back-trajectory analysis show that three families of pathways are associated with the aerosol particle transport to Dunhuang, but these have similar K/C ratios, which further demonstrates that the mineralogical characteristics of Asian dust are different from African dust.展开更多
Continuous observations of mass concentration and elemental composition of aerosol particles （PM2.5） were conducted at Tongyu, a semi-arid site in Northeast China in the spring of 2006. The average mass concentratio...Continuous observations of mass concentration and elemental composition of aerosol particles （PM2.5） were conducted at Tongyu, a semi-arid site in Northeast China in the spring of 2006. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 at Tongyu station was 260.9±274.4 μg m^-3 during the observation period. Nine dust events were monitored with a mean concentration of 528.0±302.7 μgm^-3. The PM2.5 level during non- dust storm （NDS） period was 111.65±63.37 μg m^-3. High mass concentration shows that fine-size particles pollution was very serious in the semi-arid area in Northeast China. The enrichment factor values for crust elements during the dust storm （DS） period are close to those in the NDS period, while the enrichment factor values for pollution elements during the NDS period are much higher than those in the DS period, showing these elements were from anthropogenic sources. The ratios of dust elements to Fe were relative constant during the DS period. The Ca/Fe ratio in dust aerosols at Tongyu is remarkably different from that observed in other source regions and downwind regions. Meteorological analysis shows that dust events at Tongyu are usually associated with dry, low pressure and high wind speed weather conditions. Air mass back-trajectory analysis identified three kinds of general pathways were associated with the aerosol particle transport to Tongyu, and the northwest direction pathway was the main transport route.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40205017)the Knowledge Innovation Project(Grant No.KZCX2-305)Hundred Talents Program(Global Environmental Change)by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 mg/m3 during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 mg/m3, respectively. These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in Beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in Beijing.
文摘2018年11月底淄博市经历了一次沙尘影响下的大气重污染过程,为研究此次重污染过程形成机制,分析了淄博市ρ(PM 10)和ρ(PM2.5)及PM2.5化学组分特征,并利用PMF模型和后向轨迹模型对颗粒物的来源进行研究.结果表明:①污染期间,ρ(PM 10)和ρ(PM2.5)小时平均值分别为(259±111)和(133±51)μg m 3,分别是污染后ρ(PM 10)〔(88±38)μg m 3〕和ρ(PM2.5)〔(36±14)μg m 3〕的2.9和3.7倍.②受沙尘的影响,Ca 2+、Mg 2+、Al、Mg、Ca、Si等代表沙尘源的离子和元素组分的质量浓度在PM2.5中占比均高于污染后.③72 h后向轨迹结果表明,除受西北方向沙尘传输气流影响外,局地盘旋的当地气流也增加了污染物的累积,此次大气污染过程是本地污染物累积及西北沙尘传输共同作用形成的.④PMF模型解析表明,污染期间扬尘源是PM2.5的首要贡献源类,贡献率达33.61%,说明沙尘过境对此次污染过程有较大贡献;污染后工业源贡献显著增高,成为主要污染源,贡献率为22.71%,体现了淄博市是重工业城市的特点.研究显示,淄博市此次重污染过程颗粒物来源复杂,除受本地区域污染影响外,外来沙尘过境贡献也较大.
基金supported by China National Key Basic Research Science Foundation Project(G1999043400)the Hundred Talents Program(Global Environmental Change)by the Chinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40205017)Social Commonweal Research Project(2002DIA20012)by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.
文摘Dust events occurred frequently in Beijing in recent years. In this work, 120 aerosol samples were collected in two typical dust events (21-22 March and 15 May) and a non-dust period in Beijing from March to May 2001. Samples were analyzed for major elemental components by the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method. Results show that the enrichment factors of crustal elements such as Mg, Al, and Ti had little differences between the dust period and the non-dust period in Beijing, while the enrichment factors of other elements that have a relation to anthropogenic emissions were very low during the dust period. The results derived by using multivariate factor analysis from the observation data show that the sources such as soil dust, industry, and fuel combustion were among the major contributors to the particles in Beijing.
基金The authors are very grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments.This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40405023)the Chinese National Key Project of Basic Research(Grant G2004CB720200)+1 种基金the Science Foundation of Xi'an Jiaotong University(Grant No.XJJ2004006)a grant from the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology(SKLLQG),Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Measurements were performed in spring 2001 and 2002 to determine the characteristics of soil dust in the Chinese desert region of Dunhuang, one of the ground sites of the Asia-Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment （ACE-Asia）. The mean mass concentrations of total suspended particle matter during the spring of 2001 and 2002 were 317μg m^-3 and 307μg m^-3, respectively. Eleven dust storm events were observed with a mean aerosol concentration of 1095μg m^-3, while the non-dusty days with calm or weak wind speed had a background aerosol loading of 196μg m^-3 on average in the springtime. The main minerals detected in the aerosol samples by X-ray diffraction were illite, kaolinite, chlorite, quartz, feldspar, calcite and dolomite. Gypsum, halite and amphibole were also detected in a few samples. The mineralogical data also show that Asian dust is characterized by a kaolinite to chlorite （K/C） ratio lower than 1 whereas Saharan dust exhibits a K/C ratio larger than 2. Air mass back-trajectory analysis show that three families of pathways are associated with the aerosol particle transport to Dunhuang, but these have similar K/C ratios, which further demonstrates that the mineralogical characteristics of Asian dust are different from African dust.
基金National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB400501)the Hundred Talents Program (Aerosol Characteristics and its Climatic Impact) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Natural Science Foun- dation of China (Grant Nos. 40675074, 40645028)
文摘Continuous observations of mass concentration and elemental composition of aerosol particles （PM2.5） were conducted at Tongyu, a semi-arid site in Northeast China in the spring of 2006. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 at Tongyu station was 260.9±274.4 μg m^-3 during the observation period. Nine dust events were monitored with a mean concentration of 528.0±302.7 μgm^-3. The PM2.5 level during non- dust storm （NDS） period was 111.65±63.37 μg m^-3. High mass concentration shows that fine-size particles pollution was very serious in the semi-arid area in Northeast China. The enrichment factor values for crust elements during the dust storm （DS） period are close to those in the NDS period, while the enrichment factor values for pollution elements during the NDS period are much higher than those in the DS period, showing these elements were from anthropogenic sources. The ratios of dust elements to Fe were relative constant during the DS period. The Ca/Fe ratio in dust aerosols at Tongyu is remarkably different from that observed in other source regions and downwind regions. Meteorological analysis shows that dust events at Tongyu are usually associated with dry, low pressure and high wind speed weather conditions. Air mass back-trajectory analysis identified three kinds of general pathways were associated with the aerosol particle transport to Tongyu, and the northwest direction pathway was the main transport route.
