Soil drying and wetting impose significant influences on soil nitrogen (N) dynamics and microbial communities. However, effects of drying-wetting cycles, while common in vegetable soils, especially under greenhouse co...Soil drying and wetting impose significant influences on soil nitrogen (N) dynamics and microbial communities. However, effects of drying-wetting cycles, while common in vegetable soils, especially under greenhouse conditions, have not been well studied. In this study, two greenhouse vegetable soils, which were collected from Xinji (XJ) and Hangzhou (HZ), China, were maintained at 30% and 75% water-holding capacity (WHC), or five cycles of 75% WHC followed by a 7-day dry-down to 30% WHC (DW). Soil inorganic N content increased during incubation. Net N mineralization (Nmin), microbial activity, and microbial biomass were significantly higher in the DW treatment than in the 30% and 75% WHC treatments. The higher water content (75% WHC) treatment had higher Nmin, microbial activity, and microbial biomass than the lower water content treatment (30% WHC). Multivariate analyses of community-level physiological profile (CLPP) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) data indicated that soil moisture regime had a significant effect on soil microbial community substrate utilization pattern and microbial community composition. The significant positive correlation between Nmin and microbial substrate utilization or PLFAs suggested that soil N mineralization had a close relationship with microbial community.展开更多
网纹红土在中国南方地区有着广泛的分布,常见于各类岩土工程中。目前对网纹红土的研究主要集中在成因和粒度特性等方面,对于其非饱和特性方面的研究相对有限。本文采用滤纸法测量不同饱和度条件下网纹红土的基质吸力,利用Van Genuchten...网纹红土在中国南方地区有着广泛的分布,常见于各类岩土工程中。目前对网纹红土的研究主要集中在成因和粒度特性等方面,对于其非饱和特性方面的研究相对有限。本文采用滤纸法测量不同饱和度条件下网纹红土的基质吸力,利用Van Genuchten模型得到网纹红土的干燥-浸湿过程的土水特征曲线。研究发现,由于网纹红土孔隙较小且均匀,使得网纹红土存在进气值(约为100 k Pa)相对于一般黏土较大、其土水特征曲线没有明显的残余段。利用干燥-浸湿过程的土水特征曲线对一维无限边坡的干燥和浸湿过程稳定性进行研究,发现在饱和度相同的情况下,边坡处于脱湿过程的稳定性要高于吸湿过程。随着深度的增加,脱湿与吸湿过程稳定性系数相差值减小;随着饱和度的提高,两者差值也出现减小的趋势。同时,网纹红土中基质吸力对抗滑力的贡献度较大,使得网纹红土质边坡较为稳定。展开更多
The damage process of concrete exposed to sodium sulfate attack and drying-wetting cycles was investigated. The water to binder(W/B) ratio and the concentration of sulfate solution were taken as variable parameters. T...The damage process of concrete exposed to sodium sulfate attack and drying-wetting cycles was investigated. The water to binder(W/B) ratio and the concentration of sulfate solution were taken as variable parameters. Through the experiment, visual change, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity(RDME) and the surface damage layer thickness of concrete were measured.Furthermore, SEM and thermal analysis were used to investigate the changing of microstructure and corrosion products of concrete.The test results show that the ultrasonic velocity is related to the damage layer of concrete. It approves that an increase in damage layer thickness reduces the compactness and the ultrasonic velocity. The deterioration degree of concrete could be estimated effectively by measuring the surface damage layer and the RDME of concrete. It is also found that the content of gypsum in concrete is less than that of ettringite in test, and some gypsum is checked only after a certain corrosion extent. When the concrete is with high W/B ratio or exposed to high concentration of sulfate solution, the content of ettringite first increases and then decreases with corrosion time. However, the content of gypsum increases at a steady rate. The content of corrosion products does not correspond well with the observations of RDME change, and extensive amount of corrosion products can be formed before obvious damage occurs.展开更多
Several different experiments,including freezing-thawing,freezing-thawing+drying-wetting,and drying-wetting,in salt solution and in water respectively,were designed to determine the durability of concrete.The durabili...Several different experiments,including freezing-thawing,freezing-thawing+drying-wetting,and drying-wetting,in salt solution and in water respectively,were designed to determine the durability of concrete.The durability damage features of concrete in the above experiments were studied.It is demonstrated that the damage extent of concrete under freezing-thawing and freezing-thawing+drying-wetting in salt solution is larger than that in water.Thus,freezing-thawing and freezing-thawing+drying-wetting in salt solution are stricter and more effective methods to evaluate the durability of concrete in salt-existing environment in cold regions.The damage extent of concrete under freezing-thawing+drying-wetting shows an ultra-superposition effect.The order of concrete durability deterioration degree in these experiments is determined.It shows that effects of multi-damage factors are greater than those of single-damage factor.展开更多
The influential depth of moisture transport in a concrete surface subject to drying-wetting cycles was analyzed numerically. The moisture transport was described by a diffusion model with different diffusivities for d...The influential depth of moisture transport in a concrete surface subject to drying-wetting cycles was analyzed numerically. The moisture transport was described by a diffusion model with different diffusivities for drying and wetting. A finite difference scheme was developed to solve the partial differential equations The influential depth was then investigated numerically for initially saturated and unsaturated concretes exposed to drying-wetting actions in marine environments using an equilibrium time ratio concept. The equilibrium time ratio was calculated numerically for a saturated condition and the moisture influential depth is shown to be a linear function of the square root of the drying time. However, this equilibrium time ratio does not exist for an unsaturated condition and the moisture influential depth depends on the initial saturation as well as the drying-wetting time ratio. The results indicate that this model gives more realistic predictions of moisture transport of in situ structural concrete and its durability.展开更多
Based on seawater immersion,drying-wetting cycles,carbonation and drying-wetting cycles for coral aggregate sea-water concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effect of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles on...Based on seawater immersion,drying-wetting cycles,carbonation and drying-wetting cycles for coral aggregate sea-water concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effect of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles on chloride diffusion be-havior of CASC is studied.The results show that the free surface chloride concentration(Cs),free chloride diffusion coefficient(Df)and time-dependent index(m)of CASC in the drying-wetting cycles is obviously higher than that in seawater immersion.The Df and m of CASC of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles is higher than that in the drying-wetting cycles.Carbonation increases the Df and m of CASC,which is against CASC to resist chloride corrosion.The corrosion possibility of CASC structures in different ex-posed areas is as follows:splash zone(carbonation and drying-wetting cycles)>tidal zone(drying-wetting cycles)>underwater zone(seawater immersion).Besides,the chloride diffusion rate of C65-CASC is 17.8%-63.4%higher than that of C65-ordinary aggre-gate concrete(OAC)in seawater immersion(underwater zone).Therefore,anti-corrosion measures should be adopted to improve the service life of CASC structure in the oceanic environment.展开更多
Based on the drying-wetting cycles experiment and the carbonation-drying-wetting cycles experiment for coral aggregate seawater concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effects of carbonation-drying-wetting on...Based on the drying-wetting cycles experiment and the carbonation-drying-wetting cycles experiment for coral aggregate seawater concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effects of carbonation-drying-wetting on the durability of CASC are studied with the surface state,mass loss rate,relative dynamic elastic modulus,ultrasonic wave velocity and cube compressive strength as indices.Results show that the mass loss rate of CASC increases gradually with the increase in cycle times in the drying-wetting and carbonation-drying-wetting cycles.The mass loss rate increases relatively slowly at the initial stage but it increases remarkably after 10 cycles.The relative dynamic elastic modulus and ultrasonic wave velocity decrease gradually with the increase in cycle times.After 6 cycles,the decrease rate of the relative dynamic elastic modulus and ultrasonic wave velocity of CASC tends to be flat and the surface is slightly damaged.Compared with the initial 28 d cube compressive strength,the cube compressive strength of CASC decreases by 8.8%to 11.0%.Drying-wetting cycles and carbonation can accelerate seawater erosion on CASC,and drying-wetting cycles result in salting-out and accelerate the destruction of concrete.Therefore,the carbonation-drying-wetting accelerates the destruction of CASC.展开更多
The chloride ion transmission model considering diffusion and convection was established respectively for different zones in concrete by analyzing chloride ion transmission mechanism under the dryingwetting cycles. Th...The chloride ion transmission model considering diffusion and convection was established respectively for different zones in concrete by analyzing chloride ion transmission mechanism under the dryingwetting cycles. The finite difference method was adopted to solve the model. The equation of chloride ion transmission model in the convection and diffusion zone of concrete was discreted by the group explicit scheme with right single point （GER method） and the equation in diffusion zone was discreted by FTCS difference scheme. According to relative humidity characteristics in concrete under drying-wetting cycles, the seepage velocity equation was formulated based on Kelvin Equation and Darcy＇s Law. The time-variant equations of chloride ion concentration of concrete surface and the boundary surface of the convection and diffusion zone were established. Based on the software MATLAB the numerical calculation was carried out by using the model and basic material parameters from the experiments. The calculation of chloride ion concentration distribution in concrete is in good agreement with the drying-wetting cycles experiments. It can be shown that the chloride ion transmission model and the seepage velocity equation are reasonable and practical. Studies have shown that the chloride ion transmission in concrete considering convection and diffusion under the drying-wetting cycles is the better correlation with the actual situation than that only considering the diffusion.展开更多
Cracks resulting from cyclic wetting and drying of expansive soils create discontinuities and anisotropy in the soil.The representative elementary volume(REV)defined by the continuous-media theory cannot be applied to...Cracks resulting from cyclic wetting and drying of expansive soils create discontinuities and anisotropy in the soil.The representative elementary volume(REV)defined by the continuous-media theory cannot be applied to cracked expansive soils that are considered discontinuous media.In this study,direct shear tests of three different scales(30 cm^(2),900 cm^(2),1963 cm^(2))and crack image analysis were carried out on undisturbed soil samples subjected to drying-wetting cycles in-situ.The REV size of expansive soil was investigated using the crack intensity factor(CIF)and soil cohesion.The results show that soil cohesion decreased with increasing sample area,and the development of secondary cracks further exacerbated the size effect of sample on cohesion of the soil.As shrinkage cracks developed,the REV size of the soil gradually increased and plateaued after 3−5 cycles.Under the same drying-wetting cycle conditions,the REV size determined using soil cohesion(REV-C)is 1.75 to 2.97 times the REV size determined using CIF(REV-CIF).Under the influence of shrinkage cracks,the average CIF is positively correlated with the REV size determined using different maximum permissible errors,with the coefficient of correlation greater than 0.9.A method for determining the REV-C based on crack image analysis is proposed,and the REV-C of expansive soil in the study area under different exposure times is given.展开更多
This study addresses firstly the soil fabric variations of loose and dense compacted soil samples during a single wetting/drying cycle at suctions between 0 and 287.9 MPa using mainly the mercury intrusion porosimetry...This study addresses firstly the soil fabric variations of loose and dense compacted soil samples during a single wetting/drying cycle at suctions between 0 and 287.9 MPa using mainly the mercury intrusion porosimetry（MIP） tests.Two suction techniques were employed to apply this wide suction range：the osmotic technique for suctions less than 8.5 MPa,and the vapor equilibrium or salt solution technique for suctions higher than 8.5 MPa.Secondly,the soil water retention curves（SWRCs） were predicted by the MIP test results for both loose and dense soil samples.A reasonable correspondence between MIP results and SWRCs was found on the wetting path at lower suctions close to saturation and on drying path at higher suctions.展开更多
Evaluating the impacts of drying-wetting(DW)cycles on soil aggregates and their associated organic carbon(OC)and nitrogen(N)is crucial to understand the OC and N cycles.Soils are likely subjected to DW cycles with dif...Evaluating the impacts of drying-wetting(DW)cycles on soil aggregates and their associated organic carbon(OC)and nitrogen(N)is crucial to understand the OC and N cycles.Soils are likely subjected to DW cycles with different sequences depending on seasons or in agroecosystems.However,studies on how DW sequences influence OC and N dynamics within aggregates,and whether this effect is dependent on soil type,are relatively limited.Herein,two DW sequences,i.e.,drying-wetting-dryingwetting(2DW)and wetting-drying-wetting-drying(2WD)treatments were designed,and a consistent wetting(CW)was set as a control to assess the effects of DW sequences.Four soils(Entisol,Ultisol,Anthrosol and Mollisol)varying in texture and OC content were used.The aggregate size distribution,the OC,total N(TN),readily oxidizable OC(ROOC)and mineral N(Min-N)content in aggregates were determined.Results showed that 2DW treatment increased but 2WD treatment decreased the large aggregates of Entisol and Ultisol,while 2DW and 2WD treatments synchronously increased the large aggregates of Anthrosol but decreased them of Mollisol.Two DW treatments increased the OC in each aggregate of Entisol,Anthrosol and Mollisol but decreased them of Ultisol.The 2DW didn't affect but 2WD treatment decreased ROOC in 1e2 mm aggregates of Entisol and<0.25 mm aggregates of Ultisol and Mollisol.The 2DW and 2WD treatments minimally affected TN but potentially influenced Min-N in aggregates.The 2DW and 2WD treatments both decreased the Min-N in each aggregate size class of Entisol and Mollisol,while 2DW increased but 2WD treatment decreased Min-N in each aggregate of Ultisol and Anthrosol.These results indicated that the varied effects of DW sequences and the interactive effects of soil type with DW sequences on aggregate turnover and OC and N cycling should be reconsidered to provide more precisive evidences for global C and N cycles under the scenario of future climate changes.展开更多
基金Supported by the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Chinathe National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (No. 2007CB109305)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30971859 and 30370840)the International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI), USA
文摘Soil drying and wetting impose significant influences on soil nitrogen (N) dynamics and microbial communities. However, effects of drying-wetting cycles, while common in vegetable soils, especially under greenhouse conditions, have not been well studied. In this study, two greenhouse vegetable soils, which were collected from Xinji (XJ) and Hangzhou (HZ), China, were maintained at 30% and 75% water-holding capacity (WHC), or five cycles of 75% WHC followed by a 7-day dry-down to 30% WHC (DW). Soil inorganic N content increased during incubation. Net N mineralization (Nmin), microbial activity, and microbial biomass were significantly higher in the DW treatment than in the 30% and 75% WHC treatments. The higher water content (75% WHC) treatment had higher Nmin, microbial activity, and microbial biomass than the lower water content treatment (30% WHC). Multivariate analyses of community-level physiological profile (CLPP) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) data indicated that soil moisture regime had a significant effect on soil microbial community substrate utilization pattern and microbial community composition. The significant positive correlation between Nmin and microbial substrate utilization or PLFAs suggested that soil N mineralization had a close relationship with microbial community.
文摘网纹红土在中国南方地区有着广泛的分布,常见于各类岩土工程中。目前对网纹红土的研究主要集中在成因和粒度特性等方面,对于其非饱和特性方面的研究相对有限。本文采用滤纸法测量不同饱和度条件下网纹红土的基质吸力,利用Van Genuchten模型得到网纹红土的干燥-浸湿过程的土水特征曲线。研究发现,由于网纹红土孔隙较小且均匀,使得网纹红土存在进气值(约为100 k Pa)相对于一般黏土较大、其土水特征曲线没有明显的残余段。利用干燥-浸湿过程的土水特征曲线对一维无限边坡的干燥和浸湿过程稳定性进行研究,发现在饱和度相同的情况下,边坡处于脱湿过程的稳定性要高于吸湿过程。随着深度的增加,脱湿与吸湿过程稳定性系数相差值减小;随着饱和度的提高,两者差值也出现减小的趋势。同时,网纹红土中基质吸力对抗滑力的贡献度较大,使得网纹红土质边坡较为稳定。
基金Project(51278403)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The damage process of concrete exposed to sodium sulfate attack and drying-wetting cycles was investigated. The water to binder(W/B) ratio and the concentration of sulfate solution were taken as variable parameters. Through the experiment, visual change, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity(RDME) and the surface damage layer thickness of concrete were measured.Furthermore, SEM and thermal analysis were used to investigate the changing of microstructure and corrosion products of concrete.The test results show that the ultrasonic velocity is related to the damage layer of concrete. It approves that an increase in damage layer thickness reduces the compactness and the ultrasonic velocity. The deterioration degree of concrete could be estimated effectively by measuring the surface damage layer and the RDME of concrete. It is also found that the content of gypsum in concrete is less than that of ettringite in test, and some gypsum is checked only after a certain corrosion extent. When the concrete is with high W/B ratio or exposed to high concentration of sulfate solution, the content of ettringite first increases and then decreases with corrosion time. However, the content of gypsum increases at a steady rate. The content of corrosion products does not correspond well with the observations of RDME change, and extensive amount of corrosion products can be formed before obvious damage occurs.
文摘Several different experiments,including freezing-thawing,freezing-thawing+drying-wetting,and drying-wetting,in salt solution and in water respectively,were designed to determine the durability of concrete.The durability damage features of concrete in the above experiments were studied.It is demonstrated that the damage extent of concrete under freezing-thawing and freezing-thawing+drying-wetting in salt solution is larger than that in water.Thus,freezing-thawing and freezing-thawing+drying-wetting in salt solution are stricter and more effective methods to evaluate the durability of concrete in salt-existing environment in cold regions.The damage extent of concrete under freezing-thawing+drying-wetting shows an ultra-superposition effect.The order of concrete durability deterioration degree in these experiments is determined.It shows that effects of multi-damage factors are greater than those of single-damage factor.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50538060)
文摘The influential depth of moisture transport in a concrete surface subject to drying-wetting cycles was analyzed numerically. The moisture transport was described by a diffusion model with different diffusivities for drying and wetting. A finite difference scheme was developed to solve the partial differential equations The influential depth was then investigated numerically for initially saturated and unsaturated concretes exposed to drying-wetting actions in marine environments using an equilibrium time ratio concept. The equilibrium time ratio was calculated numerically for a saturated condition and the moisture influential depth is shown to be a linear function of the square root of the drying time. However, this equilibrium time ratio does not exist for an unsaturated condition and the moisture influential depth depends on the initial saturation as well as the drying-wetting time ratio. The results indicate that this model gives more realistic predictions of moisture transport of in situ structural concrete and its durability.
基金sup-ports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11832013 and 51878350)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.B210202023)+5 种基金the Young Scientific and Technological Talents to Support Project of Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology(No.027)the Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province(No.2020017)the Postdoctoral Research Funding Program of Ji-angsu Province(No.2021K133B)the Ningbo Science and Technology Innovation Project(No.2020Z040)the Nantong Science and Technology Plan Project(No.JC 2020120)the Open Research Fund of Changjiang River Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Com-mittee(No.CKWV2021879/KY).
文摘Based on seawater immersion,drying-wetting cycles,carbonation and drying-wetting cycles for coral aggregate sea-water concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effect of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles on chloride diffusion be-havior of CASC is studied.The results show that the free surface chloride concentration(Cs),free chloride diffusion coefficient(Df)and time-dependent index(m)of CASC in the drying-wetting cycles is obviously higher than that in seawater immersion.The Df and m of CASC of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles is higher than that in the drying-wetting cycles.Carbonation increases the Df and m of CASC,which is against CASC to resist chloride corrosion.The corrosion possibility of CASC structures in different ex-posed areas is as follows:splash zone(carbonation and drying-wetting cycles)>tidal zone(drying-wetting cycles)>underwater zone(seawater immersion).Besides,the chloride diffusion rate of C65-CASC is 17.8%-63.4%higher than that of C65-ordinary aggre-gate concrete(OAC)in seawater immersion(underwater zone).Therefore,anti-corrosion measures should be adopted to improve the service life of CASC structure in the oceanic environment.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11832013,51878350)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.B210202023)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20180433)the Water Resources Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province(No.2020017)the Basic Science Research Project of Nantong(No.JC2020120)the Key Laboratory of Coastal Disaster and Defence of Ministry of Education(Hohai University)(No.202006).
文摘Based on the drying-wetting cycles experiment and the carbonation-drying-wetting cycles experiment for coral aggregate seawater concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effects of carbonation-drying-wetting on the durability of CASC are studied with the surface state,mass loss rate,relative dynamic elastic modulus,ultrasonic wave velocity and cube compressive strength as indices.Results show that the mass loss rate of CASC increases gradually with the increase in cycle times in the drying-wetting and carbonation-drying-wetting cycles.The mass loss rate increases relatively slowly at the initial stage but it increases remarkably after 10 cycles.The relative dynamic elastic modulus and ultrasonic wave velocity decrease gradually with the increase in cycle times.After 6 cycles,the decrease rate of the relative dynamic elastic modulus and ultrasonic wave velocity of CASC tends to be flat and the surface is slightly damaged.Compared with the initial 28 d cube compressive strength,the cube compressive strength of CASC decreases by 8.8%to 11.0%.Drying-wetting cycles and carbonation can accelerate seawater erosion on CASC,and drying-wetting cycles result in salting-out and accelerate the destruction of concrete.Therefore,the carbonation-drying-wetting accelerates the destruction of CASC.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51278495,51174291)the Open Fund of Nation Engineering Laboratory for High Speed Railway Construction(No.HSR2013011)
文摘The chloride ion transmission model considering diffusion and convection was established respectively for different zones in concrete by analyzing chloride ion transmission mechanism under the dryingwetting cycles. The finite difference method was adopted to solve the model. The equation of chloride ion transmission model in the convection and diffusion zone of concrete was discreted by the group explicit scheme with right single point （GER method） and the equation in diffusion zone was discreted by FTCS difference scheme. According to relative humidity characteristics in concrete under drying-wetting cycles, the seepage velocity equation was formulated based on Kelvin Equation and Darcy＇s Law. The time-variant equations of chloride ion concentration of concrete surface and the boundary surface of the convection and diffusion zone were established. Based on the software MATLAB the numerical calculation was carried out by using the model and basic material parameters from the experiments. The calculation of chloride ion concentration distribution in concrete is in good agreement with the drying-wetting cycles experiments. It can be shown that the chloride ion transmission model and the seepage velocity equation are reasonable and practical. Studies have shown that the chloride ion transmission in concrete considering convection and diffusion under the drying-wetting cycles is the better correlation with the actual situation than that only considering the diffusion.
基金Project(41472240)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2015B25514,2015B17214)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Cracks resulting from cyclic wetting and drying of expansive soils create discontinuities and anisotropy in the soil.The representative elementary volume(REV)defined by the continuous-media theory cannot be applied to cracked expansive soils that are considered discontinuous media.In this study,direct shear tests of three different scales(30 cm^(2),900 cm^(2),1963 cm^(2))and crack image analysis were carried out on undisturbed soil samples subjected to drying-wetting cycles in-situ.The REV size of expansive soil was investigated using the crack intensity factor(CIF)and soil cohesion.The results show that soil cohesion decreased with increasing sample area,and the development of secondary cracks further exacerbated the size effect of sample on cohesion of the soil.As shrinkage cracks developed,the REV size of the soil gradually increased and plateaued after 3−5 cycles.Under the same drying-wetting cycle conditions,the REV size determined using soil cohesion(REV-C)is 1.75 to 2.97 times the REV size determined using CIF(REV-CIF).Under the influence of shrinkage cracks,the average CIF is positively correlated with the REV size determined using different maximum permissible errors,with the coefficient of correlation greater than 0.9.A method for determining the REV-C based on crack image analysis is proposed,and the REV-C of expansive soil in the study area under different exposure times is given.
文摘This study addresses firstly the soil fabric variations of loose and dense compacted soil samples during a single wetting/drying cycle at suctions between 0 and 287.9 MPa using mainly the mercury intrusion porosimetry（MIP） tests.Two suction techniques were employed to apply this wide suction range：the osmotic technique for suctions less than 8.5 MPa,and the vapor equilibrium or salt solution technique for suctions higher than 8.5 MPa.Secondly,the soil water retention curves（SWRCs） were predicted by the MIP test results for both loose and dense soil samples.A reasonable correspondence between MIP results and SWRCs was found on the wetting path at lower suctions close to saturation and on drying path at higher suctions.
基金funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23070200 and XDB40000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41622105 and 41977068)programs from Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDB-SSW-DQC039).
文摘Evaluating the impacts of drying-wetting(DW)cycles on soil aggregates and their associated organic carbon(OC)and nitrogen(N)is crucial to understand the OC and N cycles.Soils are likely subjected to DW cycles with different sequences depending on seasons or in agroecosystems.However,studies on how DW sequences influence OC and N dynamics within aggregates,and whether this effect is dependent on soil type,are relatively limited.Herein,two DW sequences,i.e.,drying-wetting-dryingwetting(2DW)and wetting-drying-wetting-drying(2WD)treatments were designed,and a consistent wetting(CW)was set as a control to assess the effects of DW sequences.Four soils(Entisol,Ultisol,Anthrosol and Mollisol)varying in texture and OC content were used.The aggregate size distribution,the OC,total N(TN),readily oxidizable OC(ROOC)and mineral N(Min-N)content in aggregates were determined.Results showed that 2DW treatment increased but 2WD treatment decreased the large aggregates of Entisol and Ultisol,while 2DW and 2WD treatments synchronously increased the large aggregates of Anthrosol but decreased them of Mollisol.Two DW treatments increased the OC in each aggregate of Entisol,Anthrosol and Mollisol but decreased them of Ultisol.The 2DW didn't affect but 2WD treatment decreased ROOC in 1e2 mm aggregates of Entisol and<0.25 mm aggregates of Ultisol and Mollisol.The 2DW and 2WD treatments minimally affected TN but potentially influenced Min-N in aggregates.The 2DW and 2WD treatments both decreased the Min-N in each aggregate size class of Entisol and Mollisol,while 2DW increased but 2WD treatment decreased Min-N in each aggregate of Ultisol and Anthrosol.These results indicated that the varied effects of DW sequences and the interactive effects of soil type with DW sequences on aggregate turnover and OC and N cycling should be reconsidered to provide more precisive evidences for global C and N cycles under the scenario of future climate changes.
