Nutritional components in dry fruits of Lonicera caerulea L.var.edulis Turcz.ex Herd.collected from Hulun Buir of Inner Mongolia have been analysed.The results show that dry fruits mainly contain sugar(243.40 mg·...Nutritional components in dry fruits of Lonicera caerulea L.var.edulis Turcz.ex Herd.collected from Hulun Buir of Inner Mongolia have been analysed.The results show that dry fruits mainly contain sugar(243.40 mg·g-1),crude protein(87.49 mg·g-1),crude fat(86.30 mg·g-1),VB2(0.543 mg·g-1),VPP(2.809 mg·g-1),VA(4.66×10-3 mg·g-1),VE(3.188 mg·g-1),carotene(1.661 mg·g-1),essential microelements(0.852 mg·g-1) including Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Se and essential amino acids(22.97 mg·g-1).It also contains VC,VB1,K,Na,Ca,Mg,P and other nonessential amino acids.展开更多
An electronic method to estimate the moisture content (MC) of dry fruits by measuring the impedance (Z) and phase angle (θ) of a cylindrical parallel-plate capacitor with dry fruit sample between the plates, using a ...An electronic method to estimate the moisture content (MC) of dry fruits by measuring the impedance (Z) and phase angle (θ) of a cylindrical parallel-plate capacitor with dry fruit sample between the plates, using a CI meter (Chari’s Impedance meter) at 1 and 9 MHz is described. Capacitance C was derived from Z and θ, and using the C, θ, and Z values of a set of dried cherries, whose MC values were later determined by the vacuum hot air-oven method, a calibration equation was developed. Using this equation, and their measured C, θ, and Z values, the MC of a group of cherries, not used in the calibration, was predicted. The predicted values were compared with their air-oven values. Similar predictions were done using the same method on dried blueberries. The method worked well with a good R2 value, and showed a low standard error of prediction (SEP) in the measured MC range between 5% and 30% for cherries, and 9% and 22% for blueberries.展开更多
[目的]研究热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对脆性龙眼果干品质及益生活性的影响,为高品质龙眼果干工业化节能干燥模式提供理论依据.[方法]以热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥龙眼果干为对照,比较分析热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对脆性龙眼果干水分含量、水分...[目的]研究热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对脆性龙眼果干品质及益生活性的影响,为高品质龙眼果干工业化节能干燥模式提供理论依据.[方法]以热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥龙眼果干为对照,比较分析热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对脆性龙眼果干水分含量、水分活度、皱缩率、复水比等理化特性和总糖、多糖等营养品质的影响.同时采用GC-MS测定风味物质变化,电量表测定能源消耗量.并选用植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌发酵龙眼果干,比较发酵过程中活菌数、总糖、还原糖以及短链脂肪酸的变化,评价热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对龙眼体外益生活性的影响.[结果]热风-真空冷冻联合干燥龙眼果干的水分含量、水分活度和皱缩率显著低于热风干燥,而复水比显著高于热风干燥.在总糖、多糖含量以及挥发性风味物质种类和总量上,热风-真空冷冻联合干燥低于真空冷冻干燥而高于热风干燥.在能源消耗上,热风-真空冷冻联合干燥比真空冷冻干燥节约干燥时间12.16%,节约单位能耗25.40%.在益生活性方面,植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌均能通过发酵龙眼干增加活菌数量,利用龙眼干中的总糖产生短链脂肪酸,降低发酵液pH,且益生效果受干燥方式和菌株种类的影响较大.当植物乳杆菌发酵热风-真空冷冻干燥的龙眼果干48 h后,活菌数生长最多可达12.40 lg cfu/mL,高于真空冷冻干燥、热风干燥和新鲜龙眼.嗜酸乳杆菌发酵48 h后,热风-真空冷冻联合干燥活菌数达11.84 lg cfu/mL,与真空冷冻干燥接近,低于热风干燥,但高于新鲜龙眼.[结论]热风-真空冷冻联合干燥结合了热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥两种干燥方式的特点,可以显著缩短干燥时间,节约能耗,提高干燥效率和果干品质.展开更多
以沙子空心李果干为研究对象,对其基本营养成分、矿质元素以及氨基酸进行测定与分析.结果表明:沙子空李果干中膳食纤维、灰分、总糖、总酸、总蛋白质、脂肪的含量分别为8.06、1.7、57.4、0.141、0.86、0.2 g/100 g;维生素C与烟酸含量分...以沙子空心李果干为研究对象,对其基本营养成分、矿质元素以及氨基酸进行测定与分析.结果表明:沙子空李果干中膳食纤维、灰分、总糖、总酸、总蛋白质、脂肪的含量分别为8.06、1.7、57.4、0.141、0.86、0.2 g/100 g;维生素C与烟酸含量分别为1.22、0.382 mg/100 g;矿质元素含量大小顺序为Ca>Na>Fe>Zn>Se,其中Ca含量达到5.33 mg/100 g;检测出16种氨基酸,苏氨酸含量最高为0.87 g/100 g,丙氨酸次之为0.23 g/100 g,酪氨酸最低,含量为0.026 g/100 g,从氨基酸评分中看出沿河沙子空心李的第一限制氨基酸是异亮氨酸,其中必需氨基酸总量/氨基酸总量(essential amino acid to total amino,EAA/TAA)为62.7%,必需氨基酸总量/非必需氨基酸总量(essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid,EAA/NEAA)为1.86,均高于国际粮油组织与世界卫生组织(Food and Argriculture Organization and World Health Oranization,FAO/WHO)提出的理想蛋白质的标准,说明沿河沙子空心李果干中的蛋白质是优质蛋白.展开更多
In this study, 15 mycotoxins were detected in 233 nut and dried fruit samples from China. The 15 mycotoxins included aflatoxins （AFs： AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2）, trichothecene toxins （TCs： T-2, ZEA, ENA, ENA1, EN...In this study, 15 mycotoxins were detected in 233 nut and dried fruit samples from China. The 15 mycotoxins included aflatoxins （AFs： AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2）, trichothecene toxins （TCs： T-2, ZEA, ENA, ENA1, ENB, ENB1 and BEA）, Alternaria toxins （ATs： TEN, AOH and AME） and ochratoxin A （OTA）. The mycotoxins were detected in 47.6% of the samples and all 15 of the mycotoxins were found. Two samples were positive for AFB1 and exceeded the maximum tolerable levels allowed in China. The contamination levels of the mycotoxins found in nuts, dried jujubes, raisins, dried figs and dried Iongans were in the ranges of 0.1-462.7, 0.2-247.3, 0.8-10.1,0.2-384.1 and 0.1-89.2 μg kg^-1, respectively. Dried figs （80.0%） had the highest incidence of mycotoxins, followed by dried Iongans （60.0%）, dried jujubes （57.1%）, nuts （43.6%） and raisins （26.7%）. The estimated daily intake （EDI） values of each individual mycotoxin and all of the mycotoxins collectively were calculated by both the deterministic approach （DA） and the probability approach （PA）. For risk characterization, dietary exposure to TCs, ATs and OTA through consumption of nuts and dried fruits according to both approaches, showed no health risk to Chinese adults by exposure to either individual mycotoxins or in combination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in which risk assessment of multimycotoxins is performed, specifically including the emerging ENNs and BEA, in nuts and dried fruits of China.展开更多
文摘Nutritional components in dry fruits of Lonicera caerulea L.var.edulis Turcz.ex Herd.collected from Hulun Buir of Inner Mongolia have been analysed.The results show that dry fruits mainly contain sugar(243.40 mg·g-1),crude protein(87.49 mg·g-1),crude fat(86.30 mg·g-1),VB2(0.543 mg·g-1),VPP(2.809 mg·g-1),VA(4.66×10-3 mg·g-1),VE(3.188 mg·g-1),carotene(1.661 mg·g-1),essential microelements(0.852 mg·g-1) including Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Se and essential amino acids(22.97 mg·g-1).It also contains VC,VB1,K,Na,Ca,Mg,P and other nonessential amino acids.
文摘An electronic method to estimate the moisture content (MC) of dry fruits by measuring the impedance (Z) and phase angle (θ) of a cylindrical parallel-plate capacitor with dry fruit sample between the plates, using a CI meter (Chari’s Impedance meter) at 1 and 9 MHz is described. Capacitance C was derived from Z and θ, and using the C, θ, and Z values of a set of dried cherries, whose MC values were later determined by the vacuum hot air-oven method, a calibration equation was developed. Using this equation, and their measured C, θ, and Z values, the MC of a group of cherries, not used in the calibration, was predicted. The predicted values were compared with their air-oven values. Similar predictions were done using the same method on dried blueberries. The method worked well with a good R2 value, and showed a low standard error of prediction (SEP) in the measured MC range between 5% and 30% for cherries, and 9% and 22% for blueberries.
文摘[目的]研究热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对脆性龙眼果干品质及益生活性的影响,为高品质龙眼果干工业化节能干燥模式提供理论依据.[方法]以热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥龙眼果干为对照,比较分析热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对脆性龙眼果干水分含量、水分活度、皱缩率、复水比等理化特性和总糖、多糖等营养品质的影响.同时采用GC-MS测定风味物质变化,电量表测定能源消耗量.并选用植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌发酵龙眼果干,比较发酵过程中活菌数、总糖、还原糖以及短链脂肪酸的变化,评价热风-真空冷冻联合干燥对龙眼体外益生活性的影响.[结果]热风-真空冷冻联合干燥龙眼果干的水分含量、水分活度和皱缩率显著低于热风干燥,而复水比显著高于热风干燥.在总糖、多糖含量以及挥发性风味物质种类和总量上,热风-真空冷冻联合干燥低于真空冷冻干燥而高于热风干燥.在能源消耗上,热风-真空冷冻联合干燥比真空冷冻干燥节约干燥时间12.16%,节约单位能耗25.40%.在益生活性方面,植物乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌均能通过发酵龙眼干增加活菌数量,利用龙眼干中的总糖产生短链脂肪酸,降低发酵液pH,且益生效果受干燥方式和菌株种类的影响较大.当植物乳杆菌发酵热风-真空冷冻干燥的龙眼果干48 h后,活菌数生长最多可达12.40 lg cfu/mL,高于真空冷冻干燥、热风干燥和新鲜龙眼.嗜酸乳杆菌发酵48 h后,热风-真空冷冻联合干燥活菌数达11.84 lg cfu/mL,与真空冷冻干燥接近,低于热风干燥,但高于新鲜龙眼.[结论]热风-真空冷冻联合干燥结合了热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥两种干燥方式的特点,可以显著缩短干燥时间,节约能耗,提高干燥效率和果干品质.
文摘以沙子空心李果干为研究对象,对其基本营养成分、矿质元素以及氨基酸进行测定与分析.结果表明:沙子空李果干中膳食纤维、灰分、总糖、总酸、总蛋白质、脂肪的含量分别为8.06、1.7、57.4、0.141、0.86、0.2 g/100 g;维生素C与烟酸含量分别为1.22、0.382 mg/100 g;矿质元素含量大小顺序为Ca>Na>Fe>Zn>Se,其中Ca含量达到5.33 mg/100 g;检测出16种氨基酸,苏氨酸含量最高为0.87 g/100 g,丙氨酸次之为0.23 g/100 g,酪氨酸最低,含量为0.026 g/100 g,从氨基酸评分中看出沿河沙子空心李的第一限制氨基酸是异亮氨酸,其中必需氨基酸总量/氨基酸总量(essential amino acid to total amino,EAA/TAA)为62.7%,必需氨基酸总量/非必需氨基酸总量(essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid,EAA/NEAA)为1.86,均高于国际粮油组织与世界卫生组织(Food and Argriculture Organization and World Health Oranization,FAO/WHO)提出的理想蛋白质的标准,说明沿河沙子空心李果干中的蛋白质是优质蛋白.
基金supported by the National Program for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of China (GJFP2016003 and GJFP2017003)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP)
文摘In this study, 15 mycotoxins were detected in 233 nut and dried fruit samples from China. The 15 mycotoxins included aflatoxins （AFs： AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2）, trichothecene toxins （TCs： T-2, ZEA, ENA, ENA1, ENB, ENB1 and BEA）, Alternaria toxins （ATs： TEN, AOH and AME） and ochratoxin A （OTA）. The mycotoxins were detected in 47.6% of the samples and all 15 of the mycotoxins were found. Two samples were positive for AFB1 and exceeded the maximum tolerable levels allowed in China. The contamination levels of the mycotoxins found in nuts, dried jujubes, raisins, dried figs and dried Iongans were in the ranges of 0.1-462.7, 0.2-247.3, 0.8-10.1,0.2-384.1 and 0.1-89.2 μg kg^-1, respectively. Dried figs （80.0%） had the highest incidence of mycotoxins, followed by dried Iongans （60.0%）, dried jujubes （57.1%）, nuts （43.6%） and raisins （26.7%）. The estimated daily intake （EDI） values of each individual mycotoxin and all of the mycotoxins collectively were calculated by both the deterministic approach （DA） and the probability approach （PA）. For risk characterization, dietary exposure to TCs, ATs and OTA through consumption of nuts and dried fruits according to both approaches, showed no health risk to Chinese adults by exposure to either individual mycotoxins or in combination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in which risk assessment of multimycotoxins is performed, specifically including the emerging ENNs and BEA, in nuts and dried fruits of China.
