Here we report iron(Fe) isotopic data of three pure Fe solution standards(IRMM-014, GSB Fe, and NIST3126a) and five widely used geological reference materials(RMs) from the United States Geological Survey and Geologic...Here we report iron(Fe) isotopic data of three pure Fe solution standards(IRMM-014, GSB Fe, and NIST3126a) and five widely used geological reference materials(RMs) from the United States Geological Survey and Geological Survey of Japan obtained on a Neptune Plus multi-collector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer(MC-ICP-MS) in our laboratory over the past 3 years. The instrumental mass bias was corrected by three independent methods: sample-standard bracketing(SSB),Ni doping + SSB, and ^(57)Fe–^(58)Fe double spike + SSB.Measurements reveal that both the Ni doping and double spike methods helped calibrate short-term fluctuations in mass bias. Collectively, almost all measurements of RMs yielded δ^(56)Fe within ± 0.05 of recommended values,provided that each sample was measured four times on MC-ICP-MS. For the first time, new recommended values for NIST SRM3126a are reported(δ^(56)Fe = 0.363 ± 0.006,2SE, 95% CI; and δ^(57)Fe = 0.534 ± 0.010, 2SE).展开更多
This study investigates the behavior of Mo and Mo isotopes (δ^(98)Mo) in shales following leaching with HCl and HNO_(3) with the aim of simplifying the shale dissolution procedure.Up to 6%of the Mo was lost and the M...This study investigates the behavior of Mo and Mo isotopes (δ^(98)Mo) in shales following leaching with HCl and HNO_(3) with the aim of simplifying the shale dissolution procedure.Up to 6%of the Mo was lost and the Mo isotopes were unaffected when shales were leached using 9 M HCl after ashing.Bulk sample digestion or leaching by 4 M or more concentrated HCl after ashing were all found to be acceptable and reliable approaches to the analysis of Mo isotopes in shales.After black shale (CAGS-BS) was leached with 2 M HCl,1 M HCl,and 9 M HNO_(3),the Mo concentration ([Mo]) in the leachate was lower and δ^(98)Mo was heavier than that obtained from bulk digestion.A Mo isotope mass-balance model showed that the δ^(98)Mo in the residues was lighter than the δ^(98)Mo from the bulk digestion of CAGS-BS and of crustal igneous rocks.No more Mo was lost,nor did Mo isotope fractionation,if the double spike was added before rather than after ashing and followed by bulk digestion or leaching with 9 M HCl.For efficiency,leaching using 4 M or more concentrated HCl after ashing is preferred for Mo isotope measurements.展开更多
Ti separation was achieved by ion-exchange chromatography using Bio-Rad AG 1-X8 anion-exchange and DGA resins.For high-Fe/Ti and high-Mg/Ti igneous samples,a three-column procedure was required,whereas a two-column pr...Ti separation was achieved by ion-exchange chromatography using Bio-Rad AG 1-X8 anion-exchange and DGA resins.For high-Fe/Ti and high-Mg/Ti igneous samples,a three-column procedure was required,whereas a two-column procedure was used for low-Fe/Ti and low-Mg/Ti igneous samples.The Ti isotopes were analysed by MC-ICP-MS,and instrumental mass bias was corrected using a ^(47)Ti-^(49)Ti double-spike technique.The ^(47)Ti-^(49)Ti double-spike and SRM 3162a were calibrated using SRM 979-Cr,certificated value ^(53)Cr/^(52)Crt rue=0.11339.Isobaric interference was evaluated by analysing Alfa-Ti doped with Na,Mg,Ca,and Mo,and results indicate that high concentrations of Na and Mg have no significant effect on Ti isotope analyses;however,Ca and Mo interferences lead to erroneousδ^(49/47)Ti values when Ca/Ti and Mo/Ti ratios exceed 0.01 and 0.1,respectively.Titanium isotopic compositions were determined for 12 igneous reference materials,BCR-2,BHVO-2,GBW07105,AGV-1,AGV-2,W-2,GBW07123,GBW07126,GBW07127,GBW07101,JP-1,and DTS-2b.Samples yieldδ^(49/47)Ti(‰)of−0.035±0.022,−0.038±0.031,0.031±0.022,0.059±0.038,0.044±0.037,0.000±0.015,0.154±0.044,−0.044±0.018,0.010±0.022,0.064±0.043,0.169±0.034,and−0.047±0.025(relative to OL-Ti,±2SD),respectively;of which isotopic compositions of DTS-2b,JP-1,GBW07101,GBW07105,GBW07123,GBW07126,and GBW07127 are reported for the first time.Standard Alfa-Ti was analysed repeatedly over a ten-month period,indicating a reproducibility of±0.047(2SD)forδ^(49/47)Ti,similar to the precisions obtained for geochemical reference materials.展开更多
为了解决单原边绕组双输入反激变换器主功率管在开关过程中存在电流尖峰的问题,在详细分析了变换器工作原理的基础上,提出了改进方法并进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明电流尖峰得到了有效抑制。采用TMS320F28335作为控制芯片,设计了具有限...为了解决单原边绕组双输入反激变换器主功率管在开关过程中存在电流尖峰的问题,在详细分析了变换器工作原理的基础上,提出了改进方法并进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明电流尖峰得到了有效抑制。采用TMS320F28335作为控制芯片,设计了具有限流保护功能的双环控制系统。通过一台功率为120 W,工作频率为100 k Hz的样机验证了电路设计和控制方案的正确性。展开更多
文摘条件价值法调查中会有相当比例的受访者不愿意支付费用,对这部分群体如果处理不当会影响到价值评估的可靠性和有效性。以南京市居民对长江流域生态补偿的支付意愿为例,采用双边界两分式问卷调查获取1 403份有效样本。分析了忽略零响应问题的传统模型所造成的支付意愿(Willingness to Pay,WTP)估算偏差,并采用Spike模型对WTP估算进行了校正。结果显示:若直接删除零响应样本,中位数WTP在359～396元/(户.a)之间;而将零响应的实际支付用接近零的正数进行替代,得到的中位数WTP在154～208元/(户.a)之间。根据Spike模型,将真实零响应样本纳入分析后,得到的WTP估算结果在259～288元/(户.a)之间。表明直接删除零响应会明显高估WTP,而用零或接近零的正数替代零响应又会低估WTP。未来5 a内长江南京段的生态补偿总价值至少为24.4×108元。将决策过程划分为"加入决策"和"支付决策"两个阶段后,论文还发现,"加入决策"和"支付决策"是两种不同的机制,二者在影响因素上存在差异。此外,不同收入家庭的WTP存在明显异质性。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41473016)the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources
文摘Here we report iron(Fe) isotopic data of three pure Fe solution standards(IRMM-014, GSB Fe, and NIST3126a) and five widely used geological reference materials(RMs) from the United States Geological Survey and Geological Survey of Japan obtained on a Neptune Plus multi-collector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer(MC-ICP-MS) in our laboratory over the past 3 years. The instrumental mass bias was corrected by three independent methods: sample-standard bracketing(SSB),Ni doping + SSB, and ^(57)Fe–^(58)Fe double spike + SSB.Measurements reveal that both the Ni doping and double spike methods helped calibrate short-term fluctuations in mass bias. Collectively, almost all measurements of RMs yielded δ^(56)Fe within ± 0.05 of recommended values,provided that each sample was measured four times on MC-ICP-MS. For the first time, new recommended values for NIST SRM3126a are reported(δ^(56)Fe = 0.363 ± 0.006,2SE, 95% CI; and δ^(57)Fe = 0.534 ± 0.010, 2SE).
基金supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0708404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41973020,41303002,41873027)。
文摘This study investigates the behavior of Mo and Mo isotopes (δ^(98)Mo) in shales following leaching with HCl and HNO_(3) with the aim of simplifying the shale dissolution procedure.Up to 6%of the Mo was lost and the Mo isotopes were unaffected when shales were leached using 9 M HCl after ashing.Bulk sample digestion or leaching by 4 M or more concentrated HCl after ashing were all found to be acceptable and reliable approaches to the analysis of Mo isotopes in shales.After black shale (CAGS-BS) was leached with 2 M HCl,1 M HCl,and 9 M HNO_(3),the Mo concentration ([Mo]) in the leachate was lower and δ^(98)Mo was heavier than that obtained from bulk digestion.A Mo isotope mass-balance model showed that the δ^(98)Mo in the residues was lighter than the δ^(98)Mo from the bulk digestion of CAGS-BS and of crustal igneous rocks.No more Mo was lost,nor did Mo isotope fractionation,if the double spike was added before rather than after ashing and followed by bulk digestion or leaching with 9 M HCl.For efficiency,leaching using 4 M or more concentrated HCl after ashing is preferred for Mo isotope measurements.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.41473005,41973020,41873027)。
文摘Ti separation was achieved by ion-exchange chromatography using Bio-Rad AG 1-X8 anion-exchange and DGA resins.For high-Fe/Ti and high-Mg/Ti igneous samples,a three-column procedure was required,whereas a two-column procedure was used for low-Fe/Ti and low-Mg/Ti igneous samples.The Ti isotopes were analysed by MC-ICP-MS,and instrumental mass bias was corrected using a ^(47)Ti-^(49)Ti double-spike technique.The ^(47)Ti-^(49)Ti double-spike and SRM 3162a were calibrated using SRM 979-Cr,certificated value ^(53)Cr/^(52)Crt rue=0.11339.Isobaric interference was evaluated by analysing Alfa-Ti doped with Na,Mg,Ca,and Mo,and results indicate that high concentrations of Na and Mg have no significant effect on Ti isotope analyses;however,Ca and Mo interferences lead to erroneousδ^(49/47)Ti values when Ca/Ti and Mo/Ti ratios exceed 0.01 and 0.1,respectively.Titanium isotopic compositions were determined for 12 igneous reference materials,BCR-2,BHVO-2,GBW07105,AGV-1,AGV-2,W-2,GBW07123,GBW07126,GBW07127,GBW07101,JP-1,and DTS-2b.Samples yieldδ^(49/47)Ti(‰)of−0.035±0.022,−0.038±0.031,0.031±0.022,0.059±0.038,0.044±0.037,0.000±0.015,0.154±0.044,−0.044±0.018,0.010±0.022,0.064±0.043,0.169±0.034,and−0.047±0.025(relative to OL-Ti,±2SD),respectively;of which isotopic compositions of DTS-2b,JP-1,GBW07101,GBW07105,GBW07123,GBW07126,and GBW07127 are reported for the first time.Standard Alfa-Ti was analysed repeatedly over a ten-month period,indicating a reproducibility of±0.047(2SD)forδ^(49/47)Ti,similar to the precisions obtained for geochemical reference materials.
文摘为了解决单原边绕组双输入反激变换器主功率管在开关过程中存在电流尖峰的问题,在详细分析了变换器工作原理的基础上,提出了改进方法并进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明电流尖峰得到了有效抑制。采用TMS320F28335作为控制芯片,设计了具有限流保护功能的双环控制系统。通过一台功率为120 W,工作频率为100 k Hz的样机验证了电路设计和控制方案的正确性。
