在毒性试验中,将暴露在某一剂量水平下的处理组与接受相当于零剂量处理的对照组相比,随着药物剂量的增加,感兴趣的变量通常会呈现一种递增的趋势.考虑不会导致风险显著增加的最高剂量,本文使用AIC(Akaike information criterion)方法得...在毒性试验中,将暴露在某一剂量水平下的处理组与接受相当于零剂量处理的对照组相比,随着药物剂量的增加,感兴趣的变量通常会呈现一种递增的趋势.考虑不会导致风险显著增加的最高剂量,本文使用AIC(Akaike information criterion)方法得到该剂量水平的强相合估计,并且通过两组数据及模拟的结果来说明AIC方法的优良性.展开更多
A flash bang is a non-lethal explosive device that delivers intensely loud bangs and bright lights to suppress potentially dangerous targets. It is usually used in crowd control, hostage rescue and numerous other miss...A flash bang is a non-lethal explosive device that delivers intensely loud bangs and bright lights to suppress potentially dangerous targets. It is usually used in crowd control, hostage rescue and numerous other missions. We construct a model for assessing quantitatively the risk of hearing loss injury caused by multiple flash bangs. The model provides a computational framework for incorporating the effects of the key factors defining the situation and for testing various sub-models for these factors. The proposed model includes 1) uncertainty in the burst point of flash bang mortar, 2) randomness in the dispersion of multiple submunitions after the flash bang mortar burst, 3) decay of acoustic impulse from a single submunition to an individual subject along the ground surface, 4) the effective combined sound exposure level on an individual subject caused by multiple submunitions at various distances from the subject, and 5) randomness in the spatial distribution of subjects in the crowd. With the mathematical model formulated, we seek to characterize the overall effect of flash bang mortar in the form of an effective injury area. We carry out simulations to study the effects of uncertainty and randomness on the risk of hearing loss injury of the crowd. The proposed framework serves as a starting point for a comprehensive assessment of hearing loss injury risk, taking into consideration all realistic and relevant features of flash bang mortar. It also provides a platform for testing and updating component models.展开更多
文摘在毒性试验中,将暴露在某一剂量水平下的处理组与接受相当于零剂量处理的对照组相比,随着药物剂量的增加,感兴趣的变量通常会呈现一种递增的趋势.考虑不会导致风险显著增加的最高剂量,本文使用AIC(Akaike information criterion)方法得到该剂量水平的强相合估计,并且通过两组数据及模拟的结果来说明AIC方法的优良性.
文摘A flash bang is a non-lethal explosive device that delivers intensely loud bangs and bright lights to suppress potentially dangerous targets. It is usually used in crowd control, hostage rescue and numerous other missions. We construct a model for assessing quantitatively the risk of hearing loss injury caused by multiple flash bangs. The model provides a computational framework for incorporating the effects of the key factors defining the situation and for testing various sub-models for these factors. The proposed model includes 1) uncertainty in the burst point of flash bang mortar, 2) randomness in the dispersion of multiple submunitions after the flash bang mortar burst, 3) decay of acoustic impulse from a single submunition to an individual subject along the ground surface, 4) the effective combined sound exposure level on an individual subject caused by multiple submunitions at various distances from the subject, and 5) randomness in the spatial distribution of subjects in the crowd. With the mathematical model formulated, we seek to characterize the overall effect of flash bang mortar in the form of an effective injury area. We carry out simulations to study the effects of uncertainty and randomness on the risk of hearing loss injury of the crowd. The proposed framework serves as a starting point for a comprehensive assessment of hearing loss injury risk, taking into consideration all realistic and relevant features of flash bang mortar. It also provides a platform for testing and updating component models.
