目前关于电动汽车充电路径推荐的研究大多从电动汽车与电网间的交互,以及电动汽车与交通网间的交互两个方面独立开展工作,很少将大规模电动汽车、配电网与道路交通网三方面作为一个整体开展研究,为此该文提出"车–网–路"系...目前关于电动汽车充电路径推荐的研究大多从电动汽车与电网间的交互,以及电动汽车与交通网间的交互两个方面独立开展工作,很少将大规模电动汽车、配电网与道路交通网三方面作为一个整体开展研究,为此该文提出"车–网–路"系统概念,并进行初步研究。在此基础上,对"道路交通网–配电网–大规模电动汽车"系统模型进行完善,该模型包括含有3种拓扑结构的10 k V配电网模型、基于北京市三环以内实际道路情况的道路交通网模型和以快速充电方式充电的大规模纯电动汽车(battery electric vehicle,BEV)模型,并建立配电网评价体系。基于路段权值思想和Dijkstra最短路径算法,提出一种大规模电动汽车最优充电站推荐和路径规划方法。在此基础上,利用Matlab和MATPOWER软件,对12 000辆纯电动汽车从上午6点到中午12点在路网中的行驶和充电情况进行仿真。结果表明,采用所提最优充电路径推荐策略,可一定程度上解决大规模电动汽车的充电行为带来局部道路交通拥堵以及配电网节点压降过大、线路功率损耗过多等安全、经济问题。展开更多
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)in 2001 reported that the Earth air temperature would rise by 1.4-5.8℃and 2.5℃on average by the year 2100.China re-gional climate model results also showed that the air...Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)in 2001 reported that the Earth air temperature would rise by 1.4-5.8℃and 2.5℃on average by the year 2100.China re-gional climate model results also showed that the air temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)would increase by 2.2-2.6℃in the next 50 years.A numerical permafrost model was developed to predict the changes of permafrost distribution on the QTP over the next 50 and 100 years under the two climatic warming scenarios,i.e.0.02℃/a,the lower value of IPCC’s estima-tion,and 0.052℃/a,the higher value predicted by Qin et al.Simulation results show that(i)in the case of 0.02℃/a air-temperature rise,permafrost area on the QTP will shrink about 8.8%in the next 50 years,and high temperature permafrost with mean annual ground temperature(MAGT)higher than?0.11℃may turn into seasonal frozen soils.In the next 100 years,perma-frost with MAGT higher than?0.5℃will disappear and the permafrost area will shrink up to 13.4%.(ii)In the case of 0.052℃/a air-temperature rise,permafrost area on the QTP will reduce about 13.5%after 50 years.More remarkable degradation will take place after 100 years,and permafrost area will reduce about 46%.Permafrost with MAGT higher than?2℃will turn into seasonal frozen soils and even unfrozen soils.展开更多
文摘目前关于电动汽车充电路径推荐的研究大多从电动汽车与电网间的交互,以及电动汽车与交通网间的交互两个方面独立开展工作,很少将大规模电动汽车、配电网与道路交通网三方面作为一个整体开展研究,为此该文提出"车–网–路"系统概念,并进行初步研究。在此基础上,对"道路交通网–配电网–大规模电动汽车"系统模型进行完善,该模型包括含有3种拓扑结构的10 k V配电网模型、基于北京市三环以内实际道路情况的道路交通网模型和以快速充电方式充电的大规模纯电动汽车(battery electric vehicle,BEV)模型,并建立配电网评价体系。基于路段权值思想和Dijkstra最短路径算法,提出一种大规模电动汽车最优充电站推荐和路径规划方法。在此基础上,利用Matlab和MATPOWER软件,对12 000辆纯电动汽车从上午6点到中午12点在路网中的行驶和充电情况进行仿真。结果表明,采用所提最优充电路径推荐策略,可一定程度上解决大规模电动汽车的充电行为带来局部道路交通拥堵以及配电网节点压降过大、线路功率损耗过多等安全、经济问题。
基金the Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Grant No.KZCX1-SW-04)the Knowledge Innovation Project of CAREERI,CAS(Grant No.CACX200009)the Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.G1998040812).
文摘Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)in 2001 reported that the Earth air temperature would rise by 1.4-5.8℃and 2.5℃on average by the year 2100.China re-gional climate model results also showed that the air temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)would increase by 2.2-2.6℃in the next 50 years.A numerical permafrost model was developed to predict the changes of permafrost distribution on the QTP over the next 50 and 100 years under the two climatic warming scenarios,i.e.0.02℃/a,the lower value of IPCC’s estima-tion,and 0.052℃/a,the higher value predicted by Qin et al.Simulation results show that(i)in the case of 0.02℃/a air-temperature rise,permafrost area on the QTP will shrink about 8.8%in the next 50 years,and high temperature permafrost with mean annual ground temperature(MAGT)higher than?0.11℃may turn into seasonal frozen soils.In the next 100 years,perma-frost with MAGT higher than?0.5℃will disappear and the permafrost area will shrink up to 13.4%.(ii)In the case of 0.052℃/a air-temperature rise,permafrost area on the QTP will reduce about 13.5%after 50 years.More remarkable degradation will take place after 100 years,and permafrost area will reduce about 46%.Permafrost with MAGT higher than?2℃will turn into seasonal frozen soils and even unfrozen soils.
