The energy transfer and dissipation as well as the turbulent structures in a lid-driven cavity flow with porous walls are investigated via the lattice Boltzmann method, with direct numerical simulation (DNS) for an is...The energy transfer and dissipation as well as the turbulent structures in a lid-driven cavity flow with porous walls are investigated via the lattice Boltzmann method, with direct numerical simulation (DNS) for an isothermal incompressible flow for which the Reynolds number (Re) is 50 000. A generalized Navier-Stokes equation with the Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy model is implemented, in which the presence of permeable walls is taken into account. This study focuses on the modulations of the flow field due to porous walls, by comparing with the results from the cavity flow bounded with smooth walls. Firstly, we derived the exact expression of the kinetic energy dissipation rate in a cavity to study the budget balance of the induced and dissipated kinetic energy. By decomposing the total kinetic energy dissipation into the componential contributions of the viscous and porous medium layer, we found that the kinetic energy dissipated in the thin porous layer occupies 37% of the total driven lid-induced kinetic energy in the present parameters. Then we found that the time-averaged kinetic energy, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), as well as the strength of the large-scale energy-containing eddy, and secondary eddies are significantly attenuated. Furthermore, it is found that the momentum and kinetic energy transfer near the corners are vastly decreased. Finally, the space-time velocity correlation functions are also provided to examine the decorrelation property of small eddies by means of convection and distortion motions in the cavity turbulent field.展开更多
We present a semiclassical （SC） approach for quantum dissipative dynamics, constructed on basis of the hierarchical-equation-of-motion （HEOM） formalism. The dynamical components considered in the developed SC-HEOM...We present a semiclassical （SC） approach for quantum dissipative dynamics, constructed on basis of the hierarchical-equation-of-motion （HEOM） formalism. The dynamical components considered in the developed SC-HEOM are wavepackets＇ phase-space moments of not only the primary reduced system density operator but also the auxiliary density operators （ADOs） of HEOM. It is a highly numerically efficient method, meanwhile taking into account the high-order effcts of system-bath couplings. The SC-HEOM methodology is exemplified in this work on the hierarchical quantum master equation [J. Chem. Phys. 131, 214111 （2009）] and numerically demonstrated on linear spectra of anharmonic oscillators.展开更多
电压源换流器型直流输电(voltage source converter based HVDC,VSC-HVDC)应用于大容量功率传输的主要障碍之一是其相对较高的换流器损耗。因而,换流器损耗的准确计算对系统设计、器件参数及冷却装置的选择非常重要。通过分析换流器IGB...电压源换流器型直流输电(voltage source converter based HVDC,VSC-HVDC)应用于大容量功率传输的主要障碍之一是其相对较高的换流器损耗。因而,换流器损耗的准确计算对系统设计、器件参数及冷却装置的选择非常重要。通过分析换流器IGBT器件的开关特性,同时考虑结温、死区效应的影响,提出一种基于曲线拟合理论的通用换流器损耗计算方法。该方法能够有效利用厂家提供的器件特性参数,适合于实际工程应用。在此基础上,分析了正弦脉宽和最小开关PWM两种调制方式下的换流器损耗特性,建立了基于PSCAD/EMTDC的通用的损耗计算模块。展开更多
In terms of the analogy between mass and heat transfer phenomena, a new physical quantity, i.e. mass entransy, is introduced to represent the ability of an object for transferring mass to outside. Meanwhile, the mass ...In terms of the analogy between mass and heat transfer phenomena, a new physical quantity, i.e. mass entransy, is introduced to represent the ability of an object for transferring mass to outside. Meanwhile, the mass entransy dissipation occurs during mass transfer processes as an alternative to measure the mass transfer irreversibility. Then the concepts of mass entransy and its dissipation are used to develop the extremum principle of mass entransy dissipation and the corresponding method for convective mass transfer optimization, based on which an Euler's equation has been deduced as the optimization equation for the fluid flow to obtain the best convective mass transfer performance with some specific constraints. As an example, the ventilation process for removing gaseous pollutants in a space station cabin with a uniform air supply system has been optimized to reduce the energy consumption of the ventilation system and decrease the contaminant concentration in the cabin. By solving the op- timization equation, an optimal air velocity distribution with the best decontamination performance for a given viscous dissipation is firstly obtained. With the guide of this optimal velocity field, a suitable concentrated air supply system with appropriate air inlet position and width has been designed to replace the uniform air supply system, which leads to the averaged and the maximum contaminant concentrations in the cabin been decreased by 75% and 60%, respectively, and the contaminant concentration near the contaminant source surface been decreased by 50%, while the viscous dissipation been reduced by 30% simultaneously.展开更多
矩阵变换器无中间直流环节,易受电网扰动和负载扰动的影响.针对这一问题,本文设计了矩阵变换器输入侧无源性控制器以改善控制系统特性.首先,在直–交坐标系下建立输入侧的端口受控耗散哈密尔顿(port-controlled Hamiltonian with dissip...矩阵变换器无中间直流环节,易受电网扰动和负载扰动的影响.针对这一问题,本文设计了矩阵变换器输入侧无源性控制器以改善控制系统特性.首先,在直–交坐标系下建立输入侧的端口受控耗散哈密尔顿(port-controlled Hamiltonian with dissipation,PCHD)算子模型.然后,设计了基于互联和阻尼配置的无源性控制器,用来实现对输入电流快速准确的跟踪.重新配置了系统的平衡点,通过注入阻尼提高系统的收敛速度,并从理论上对闭环系统的渐进稳定性进行了分析.仿真结果表明,系统在非正常工况下仍能保证输入电流为正弦,相比传统偏差修正法,该控制策略具有更好的动态性能和抗干扰能力.展开更多
基金Projects supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.91852111, 92052201, 12172207 and 11972220)the Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Grant No.2019-01-07-00-09-E00018).
文摘The energy transfer and dissipation as well as the turbulent structures in a lid-driven cavity flow with porous walls are investigated via the lattice Boltzmann method, with direct numerical simulation (DNS) for an isothermal incompressible flow for which the Reynolds number (Re) is 50 000. A generalized Navier-Stokes equation with the Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy model is implemented, in which the presence of permeable walls is taken into account. This study focuses on the modulations of the flow field due to porous walls, by comparing with the results from the cavity flow bounded with smooth walls. Firstly, we derived the exact expression of the kinetic energy dissipation rate in a cavity to study the budget balance of the induced and dissipated kinetic energy. By decomposing the total kinetic energy dissipation into the componential contributions of the viscous and porous medium layer, we found that the kinetic energy dissipated in the thin porous layer occupies 37% of the total driven lid-induced kinetic energy in the present parameters. Then we found that the time-averaged kinetic energy, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), as well as the strength of the large-scale energy-containing eddy, and secondary eddies are significantly attenuated. Furthermore, it is found that the momentum and kinetic energy transfer near the corners are vastly decreased. Finally, the space-time velocity correlation functions are also provided to examine the decorrelation property of small eddies by means of convection and distortion motions in the cavity turbulent field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21373191,No.21573202,No.21633006,and No.21703225)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2030020028,No.2060030025,and No.2340000074)
文摘We present a semiclassical （SC） approach for quantum dissipative dynamics, constructed on basis of the hierarchical-equation-of-motion （HEOM） formalism. The dynamical components considered in the developed SC-HEOM are wavepackets＇ phase-space moments of not only the primary reduced system density operator but also the auxiliary density operators （ADOs） of HEOM. It is a highly numerically efficient method, meanwhile taking into account the high-order effcts of system-bath couplings. The SC-HEOM methodology is exemplified in this work on the hierarchical quantum master equation [J. Chem. Phys. 131, 214111 （2009）] and numerically demonstrated on linear spectra of anharmonic oscillators.
文摘电压源换流器型直流输电(voltage source converter based HVDC,VSC-HVDC)应用于大容量功率传输的主要障碍之一是其相对较高的换流器损耗。因而,换流器损耗的准确计算对系统设计、器件参数及冷却装置的选择非常重要。通过分析换流器IGBT器件的开关特性,同时考虑结温、死区效应的影响,提出一种基于曲线拟合理论的通用换流器损耗计算方法。该方法能够有效利用厂家提供的器件特性参数,适合于实际工程应用。在此基础上,分析了正弦脉宽和最小开关PWM两种调制方式下的换流器损耗特性,建立了基于PSCAD/EMTDC的通用的损耗计算模块。
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. G2007CB206901)
文摘In terms of the analogy between mass and heat transfer phenomena, a new physical quantity, i.e. mass entransy, is introduced to represent the ability of an object for transferring mass to outside. Meanwhile, the mass entransy dissipation occurs during mass transfer processes as an alternative to measure the mass transfer irreversibility. Then the concepts of mass entransy and its dissipation are used to develop the extremum principle of mass entransy dissipation and the corresponding method for convective mass transfer optimization, based on which an Euler's equation has been deduced as the optimization equation for the fluid flow to obtain the best convective mass transfer performance with some specific constraints. As an example, the ventilation process for removing gaseous pollutants in a space station cabin with a uniform air supply system has been optimized to reduce the energy consumption of the ventilation system and decrease the contaminant concentration in the cabin. By solving the op- timization equation, an optimal air velocity distribution with the best decontamination performance for a given viscous dissipation is firstly obtained. With the guide of this optimal velocity field, a suitable concentrated air supply system with appropriate air inlet position and width has been designed to replace the uniform air supply system, which leads to the averaged and the maximum contaminant concentrations in the cabin been decreased by 75% and 60%, respectively, and the contaminant concentration near the contaminant source surface been decreased by 50%, while the viscous dissipation been reduced by 30% simultaneously.
文摘矩阵变换器无中间直流环节,易受电网扰动和负载扰动的影响.针对这一问题,本文设计了矩阵变换器输入侧无源性控制器以改善控制系统特性.首先,在直–交坐标系下建立输入侧的端口受控耗散哈密尔顿(port-controlled Hamiltonian with dissipation,PCHD)算子模型.然后,设计了基于互联和阻尼配置的无源性控制器,用来实现对输入电流快速准确的跟踪.重新配置了系统的平衡点,通过注入阻尼提高系统的收敛速度,并从理论上对闭环系统的渐进稳定性进行了分析.仿真结果表明,系统在非正常工况下仍能保证输入电流为正弦,相比传统偏差修正法,该控制策略具有更好的动态性能和抗干扰能力.
