In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province;and then named "2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)" by the World Health Organization(WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a n...In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province;and then named "2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)" by the World Health Organization(WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world’s attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development;we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control(including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV.展开更多
引言2000年，美国感染病学会（Infectious Diseases Society of America，IDSA）首次发表了“隐球菌病治疗的实践指南”，2010年更新为“隐球菌病治疗临床实践指南，美国感染病学会2010更新”，该指南经过多年临床应用，确实发挥了规范...引言2000年，美国感染病学会（Infectious Diseases Society of America，IDSA）首次发表了“隐球菌病治疗的实践指南”，2010年更新为“隐球菌病治疗临床实践指南，美国感染病学会2010更新”，该指南经过多年临床应用，确实发挥了规范隐球菌感染治疗的作用；但是在我国临床实施过程中，的确发现有很多不适用于中国的内容。展开更多
NF-κB pathway consists of canonical and non-canonical pathways.The canonical NF-κB is activated by various stimuli,transducing a quick but transient transcriptional activity,to regulate the expression of various pro...NF-κB pathway consists of canonical and non-canonical pathways.The canonical NF-κB is activated by various stimuli,transducing a quick but transient transcriptional activity,to regulate the expression of various proinflammatory genes and also serve as the critical mediator for inflammatory response.Meanwhile,the activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway occurs through a handful of TNF receptor superfamily members.Since the activation of this pathway involves protein synthesis,the kinetics of non-canonical NF-κB activation is slow but persistent,in concordance with its biological functions in the development of immune cell and lymphoid organ,immune homeostasis and immune response.The activation of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway is tightly controlled,highlighting the vital roles of ubiquitination in these pathways.Emerging studies indicate that dysregulated NF-κB activity causes inflammation-related diseases as well as cancers,and NF-κB has been long proposed as the potential target for therapy of diseases.This review attempts to summarize our current knowledge and updates on the mechanisms of NF-κB pathway regulation and the potential therapeutic application of inhibition of NF-κB signaling in cancer and inflammatory diseases.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is very common and affects approximately half of the world population. It causes gastric diseases, but some authors have reported an association of H. pylori infection with oth...Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is very common and affects approximately half of the world population. It causes gastric diseases, but some authors have reported an association of H. pylori infection with other systemic manifestations beginning in 1994. The list of potential effects of H. pylori outside the stomach includes a number of extragastric manifestations and we focused on neurological, dermatological, hematologic, ocular, cardiovascular, metabolic, allergic, and hepatobiliary diseases. This review discusses these important reported manifestations that are not related to the gastrointestinal tract.展开更多
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway comprises a family of proteins that play critical roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis.The deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling often leads to various serious dis...The Wnt/β-catenin pathway comprises a family of proteins that play critical roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis.The deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling often leads to various serious diseases,including cancer and non-cancer diseases.Although many articles have reviewed Wnt/β-catenin from various aspects,a systematic review encompassing the origin,composition,function,and clinical trials of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in tumour and diseases is lacking.In this article,we comprehensively review the Wnt/β-catenin pathway from the above five aspects in combination with the latest research.Finally,we propose challenges and opportunities for the development of small-molecular compounds targeting the Wnt signalling pathway in disease treatment.展开更多
Major and profound changes have taken place in China over the past 30 years. Rapid socioeconomic progress has exerted a great impact on lifestyle, ranging from food, clothing, working and living conditions, and means ...Major and profound changes have taken place in China over the past 30 years. Rapid socioeconomic progress has exerted a great impact on lifestyle, ranging from food, clothing, working and living conditions, and means of transportation to leisure activities and entertainment. At the same time, new health problems have emerged, and health services are facing new challenges. Presently, cardiovascular diseases （CVD） are among the top health problems of the Chinese people, and pose a serious challenge to all engaged in the prevention and control of these diseases. An epidemic of CVD in China is emerging as a result of lifestyle changes, urbanization and longevity. Both national policy decision-making and medical practice urgently need an authoritative report which comprehensively reflects the trends in the epidemic of CVD and current preventive measures. Since 2005, guided by the Bureau of Disease Prevention of the Ministry of Health of the People＇s Republic of China and the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, nationwide experts in the fields of epidemiology, clinical medicine and health economics in the realms of CVD, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease, completed the Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in China every year. The report aims to provide a timely review of the trend of the epidemic and to assess the progress of prevention and control of CVD. In addition, as the report is authoritative, representative and readable, it will become an information platform in the CVD field and an important reference book for government, academic institutes, medical organizations and clinical physicians. This publication is expected to play a positive role in the prevention and control of CVD in China. We present an abstract from the Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in China （2010）, including trends in CVD, morbidity and mortality of major CVDs, up-to-date assessment of risk factors, as well as health resources for CVD, and a profile of medical expenditure, with the aim of p展开更多
The transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses.NF-κB induces the expression of various pro-inflammatory g...The transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses.NF-κB induces the expression of various pro-inflammatory genes,including those encoding cytokines and chemokines,and also participates in inflammasome regulation.In addition,NF-κB plays a critical role in regulating the survival,activation and differentiation of innate immune cells and inflammatory T cells.Consequently,deregulated NF-κB activation contributes to the pathogenic processes of various inflammatory diseases.In this review,we will discuss the activation and function of NF-κB in association with inflammatory diseases and highlight the development of therapeutic strategies based on NF-κB inhibition.展开更多
Neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,ancamyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Microglia and astrocytes are key regulators of inflammatory resp...Neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,ancamyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Microglia and astrocytes are key regulators of inflammatory responses in the central nervous system.The activation of microglia and astrocytes is heterogeneous and traditionally categorized as neurotoxi(M1-phenotype microglia and A1-phenotype astrocytes)or neuroprotective(M2-phenotype microglia and A2-phenotype astrocytes).However,this dichotomized classification may not reflect the various phenotypes of microgliaand astrocytes.The relationship between these activated glial cells is also very complicated,and the phenotypic distribution can change,based on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.A better understanding of the rolesof microglia and astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases is essential for developing effective therapies.In this review,we discuss the roles of inflammatory response in neurodegenerative diseases,focusing on the contributions of microglia and astrocytes and their relationship.In addition,we discuss biomarkers to measure neuroinflammation andstudies on therapeutic drugs that can modulate neuroinflammation.展开更多
基金supported(in part)by the Entrusted Project of National Center for Medical Service Administration,National Health and Family Planning Commission China(No.[2019]099)the First Level Funding of the Second Medical Leading Talent Project in Hubei Provincethe Special Project for Emergency of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2020YFC0841300)。
文摘In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province;and then named "2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)" by the World Health Organization(WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world’s attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development;we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control(including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV.
文摘引言2000年，美国感染病学会（Infectious Diseases Society of America，IDSA）首次发表了“隐球菌病治疗的实践指南”，2010年更新为“隐球菌病治疗临床实践指南，美国感染病学会2010更新”，该指南经过多年临床应用，确实发挥了规范隐球菌感染治疗的作用；但是在我国临床实施过程中，的确发现有很多不适用于中国的内容。
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(the National Key Research and Development Program 2016YFA0502203,2019YFA0110201,and 2019YFA0110203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91740111,81871232,and 31870881),1.3.5 Project of disciplines of excellence and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics(Z2020001),West China Hospital,Sichuan University.
文摘NF-κB pathway consists of canonical and non-canonical pathways.The canonical NF-κB is activated by various stimuli,transducing a quick but transient transcriptional activity,to regulate the expression of various proinflammatory genes and also serve as the critical mediator for inflammatory response.Meanwhile,the activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway occurs through a handful of TNF receptor superfamily members.Since the activation of this pathway involves protein synthesis,the kinetics of non-canonical NF-κB activation is slow but persistent,in concordance with its biological functions in the development of immune cell and lymphoid organ,immune homeostasis and immune response.The activation of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway is tightly controlled,highlighting the vital roles of ubiquitination in these pathways.Emerging studies indicate that dysregulated NF-κB activity causes inflammation-related diseases as well as cancers,and NF-κB has been long proposed as the potential target for therapy of diseases.This review attempts to summarize our current knowledge and updates on the mechanisms of NF-κB pathway regulation and the potential therapeutic application of inhibition of NF-κB signaling in cancer and inflammatory diseases.
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is very common and affects approximately half of the world population. It causes gastric diseases, but some authors have reported an association of H. pylori infection with other systemic manifestations beginning in 1994. The list of potential effects of H. pylori outside the stomach includes a number of extragastric manifestations and we focused on neurological, dermatological, hematologic, ocular, cardiovascular, metabolic, allergic, and hepatobiliary diseases. This review discusses these important reported manifestations that are not related to the gastrointestinal tract.
文摘The Wnt/β-catenin pathway comprises a family of proteins that play critical roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis.The deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling often leads to various serious diseases,including cancer and non-cancer diseases.Although many articles have reviewed Wnt/β-catenin from various aspects,a systematic review encompassing the origin,composition,function,and clinical trials of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in tumour and diseases is lacking.In this article,we comprehensively review the Wnt/β-catenin pathway from the above five aspects in combination with the latest research.Finally,we propose challenges and opportunities for the development of small-molecular compounds targeting the Wnt signalling pathway in disease treatment.
文摘Major and profound changes have taken place in China over the past 30 years. Rapid socioeconomic progress has exerted a great impact on lifestyle, ranging from food, clothing, working and living conditions, and means of transportation to leisure activities and entertainment. At the same time, new health problems have emerged, and health services are facing new challenges. Presently, cardiovascular diseases （CVD） are among the top health problems of the Chinese people, and pose a serious challenge to all engaged in the prevention and control of these diseases. An epidemic of CVD in China is emerging as a result of lifestyle changes, urbanization and longevity. Both national policy decision-making and medical practice urgently need an authoritative report which comprehensively reflects the trends in the epidemic of CVD and current preventive measures. Since 2005, guided by the Bureau of Disease Prevention of the Ministry of Health of the People＇s Republic of China and the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, nationwide experts in the fields of epidemiology, clinical medicine and health economics in the realms of CVD, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease, completed the Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in China every year. The report aims to provide a timely review of the trend of the epidemic and to assess the progress of prevention and control of CVD. In addition, as the report is authoritative, representative and readable, it will become an information platform in the CVD field and an important reference book for government, academic institutes, medical organizations and clinical physicians. This publication is expected to play a positive role in the prevention and control of CVD in China. We present an abstract from the Report on Cardiovascular Diseases in China （2010）, including trends in CVD, morbidity and mortality of major CVDs, up-to-date assessment of risk factors, as well as health resources for CVD, and a profile of medical expenditure, with the aim of p
基金laboratory is supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health(AI057555,AI064639,AI104519 and GM84459)Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas(RP150235 and RP140244).
文摘The transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses.NF-κB induces the expression of various pro-inflammatory genes,including those encoding cytokines and chemokines,and also participates in inflammasome regulation.In addition,NF-κB plays a critical role in regulating the survival,activation and differentiation of innate immune cells and inflammatory T cells.Consequently,deregulated NF-κB activation contributes to the pathogenic processes of various inflammatory diseases.In this review,we will discuss the activation and function of NF-κB in association with inflammatory diseases and highlight the development of therapeutic strategies based on NF-κB inhibition.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea,which was funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT,and Future Planning(2018R1A2A2A15023219)a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Projea through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(HI20C0253)the Medical Research Centre(2017R1A5A2015395).
文摘Neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,ancamyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Microglia and astrocytes are key regulators of inflammatory responses in the central nervous system.The activation of microglia and astrocytes is heterogeneous and traditionally categorized as neurotoxi(M1-phenotype microglia and A1-phenotype astrocytes)or neuroprotective(M2-phenotype microglia and A2-phenotype astrocytes).However,this dichotomized classification may not reflect the various phenotypes of microgliaand astrocytes.The relationship between these activated glial cells is also very complicated,and the phenotypic distribution can change,based on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.A better understanding of the rolesof microglia and astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases is essential for developing effective therapies.In this review,we discuss the roles of inflammatory response in neurodegenerative diseases,focusing on the contributions of microglia and astrocytes and their relationship.In addition,we discuss biomarkers to measure neuroinflammation andstudies on therapeutic drugs that can modulate neuroinflammation.
