为了明确直播条件下软米粳稻与常规粳稻食味品质与淀粉结构差异特征及其对氮肥和密度的响应变化。本研究以软米粳稻南粳9108和常规粳稻丰粳3227为供试材料,设置3个施氮量(0、150和300 kg hm^(-2))和3个密度(90×10^(4)、180×10...为了明确直播条件下软米粳稻与常规粳稻食味品质与淀粉结构差异特征及其对氮肥和密度的响应变化。本研究以软米粳稻南粳9108和常规粳稻丰粳3227为供试材料,设置3个施氮量(0、150和300 kg hm^(-2))和3个密度(90×10^(4)、180×10^(4)和360×10^(4)hm^(-2)),研究施氮量和密度及其互作对水稻食味品质和淀粉结构的影响。结果表明,与常规粳稻相比,软米粳稻直链淀粉含量低,蛋白质含量低,胶稠度长,米饭硬度低和黏度大,淀粉RVA谱中崩解值大、消减值小和糊化温度低,淀粉相对结晶度、有序度和峰强度较高,而片层距离较短,稻米食味品质优。随着施氮量增加,稻米直链淀粉含量降低,蛋白质含量提高,胶稠度变短,米饭硬度增加,稻米食味值下降。相关分析表明,施氮量与蛋白质含量和硬度呈极显著正相关,与米饭食味值、黏度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和片层距离呈极显著负相关。而密度与稻米食味品质和淀粉结构相关指标均无显著相关性。展开更多
【目的】探讨四川省成都平原稻田直播油菜高产、氮肥高效利用的氮肥施用量。【方法】连续两年(2015—2017)在四川省广汉市西高镇进行大田定位试验,设置5个不同施氮量处理(0、135、180、225、270 kg N/hm^(2)),测定油菜成熟期0~20 cm土...【目的】探讨四川省成都平原稻田直播油菜高产、氮肥高效利用的氮肥施用量。【方法】连续两年(2015—2017)在四川省广汉市西高镇进行大田定位试验,设置5个不同施氮量处理(0、135、180、225、270 kg N/hm^(2)),测定油菜成熟期0~20 cm土层土壤无机氮含量、籽粒产量和植株氮素吸收量,分析不同施氮量对直播油菜产量、氮肥利用率和农田氮素表观平衡的影响。【结果】与不施氮(N_(0))处理相比,增施氮肥能显著增加油菜株高、分枝部位、一次分枝数、单株角果数和籽粒产量,但株高、分枝部位和籽粒产量在4个施氮处理(135、180、225、270 kg N/hm^(2))之间无显著差异。氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力均随施氮量增加而降低,且各施氮量处理间差异显著。当施氮量为135~180 kg N/hm^(2)时,氮输出总量与氮输入总量差异不大,氮素表观损失较低,氮素盈余较低,且氮素盈余以土壤无机氮残留为主。由于连续两年相同施氮处理的累积效应,第2年的氮素表观损失和氮素盈余均高于第1年相同施氮处理。随施氮量增加,氮肥表观利用率和氮肥表观残留率均呈先上升后下降的趋势。氮肥表观损失率随着施氮量的增加总体上表现为下降趋势。【结论】综合考虑油菜籽粒产量、氮肥高效利用和农田氮素表观平衡等,成都平原稻田直播油菜推荐施氮量为180 kg N/hm^(2)。展开更多
Studies were carried out for two years to evaluate the effect of methods of sowing and weed control practices on the productivity of transplanted and direct wet-seeded rice in Dera Ismail Khan, NWFP, Pakistan. The exp...Studies were carried out for two years to evaluate the effect of methods of sowing and weed control practices on the productivity of transplanted and direct wet-seeded rice in Dera Ismail Khan, NWFP, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement. The planting techniques viz. transplanting and direct seeding were maintained in main plots while weed control practices included the use of granular herbicide Sunstar 15WG （ethoxy sulfuron）, Machete 60EC （butachlor）, conventional hand weeding, and the weedy check （control） were assigned to the sub-plots. Data were recorded on weed parameters like weed density and dry weed biomass 60 and 90 days after sowing （DAS）; agronomic parameters including plant population, number of panicles and paddy yield and physiological parameters like leaf area index and net assimilation rate 45 and 90 DAS. The planting methods and weed management significantly influenced most of the parameters studied. The data revealed that the paddy yield and its components were significantly higher in the transplanted method than that in direct-seeded method, while the weed density and biomass were lower in the transplanted plots than the direct-seeded plots. Among weed management tools, the maximum paddy yield was obtained in hand weeding, closely followed by herbicide application Machete 60EC during both cropping seasons.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effects of different N application rates and densities on the growth and development of direct-seeding rape as well as on its yield.[Methods] A field experiment was...[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effects of different N application rates and densities on the growth and development of direct-seeding rape as well as on its yield.[Methods] A field experiment was carried out by setting five N fertilizer treatments and three density levels.[Results] Increasing seeding density and N application rate could improve the seed yield of rape. The suitable N application rate for the three densities were calculated using the fitted fertilizer efficiency models, respectively, to be 186.77, 221.35 and 236.14 kg/hm^2, at which the yields were the highest. The results showed that in this area, the seeding density of direct-seeding rape could be selected in the range of 6.0×10^5-7.5×10^5 plants/hm^2, and the suitable N application rate could be in the range of 221.35-236.14 kg/hm^2.[Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the maximization of spatial resource and efficient utilization of fertilizer.展开更多
以早熟棉中棉所50为材料进行麦后直播棉花试验,研究施氮量(0、60、120、150、180、240kg N·hm^(-2))对棉株氮素吸收、利用和分配的影响.结果表明:增施氮肥提高了麦后直播棉不同生育阶段的氮吸收量,以盛花到见絮期的氮积累增量最大...以早熟棉中棉所50为材料进行麦后直播棉花试验,研究施氮量(0、60、120、150、180、240kg N·hm^(-2))对棉株氮素吸收、利用和分配的影响.结果表明:增施氮肥提高了麦后直播棉不同生育阶段的氮吸收量,以盛花到见絮期的氮积累增量最大,并且改变了不同生育期间氮吸收比例,使棉花出苗到盛花期的氮吸收比例降低,盛花到吐絮期的氮吸收比例升高;增施氮肥还降低了生育后期中上部位果枝氮浓度的下降速率.麦后直播棉氮素和生物量累积以中下部果枝为主,在150-180 kg N·hm^(-2)施氮量下棉花产量、氮肥表观利用率、各果枝部位干物质和氮在生殖器官中的分配比例较高,氮浓度和氮累积量动态特征参数比较协调.高于180kg N·hm^(-2)的施氮量导致棉花中部和下部果枝生殖器官生物量和氮素累积量、产量增幅和氮肥利用率降低,而低于150 kg N·hm^(-2)施氮量降低棉花整株干物质和氮经济系数,不利于高产形成.综合分析,150~180kg N·hm^(-2)施氮量可作为长江流域下游棉区麦后直播棉的推荐施氮量.展开更多
文摘为了明确直播条件下软米粳稻与常规粳稻食味品质与淀粉结构差异特征及其对氮肥和密度的响应变化。本研究以软米粳稻南粳9108和常规粳稻丰粳3227为供试材料,设置3个施氮量(0、150和300 kg hm^(-2))和3个密度(90×10^(4)、180×10^(4)和360×10^(4)hm^(-2)),研究施氮量和密度及其互作对水稻食味品质和淀粉结构的影响。结果表明,与常规粳稻相比,软米粳稻直链淀粉含量低,蛋白质含量低,胶稠度长,米饭硬度低和黏度大,淀粉RVA谱中崩解值大、消减值小和糊化温度低,淀粉相对结晶度、有序度和峰强度较高,而片层距离较短,稻米食味品质优。随着施氮量增加,稻米直链淀粉含量降低,蛋白质含量提高,胶稠度变短,米饭硬度增加,稻米食味值下降。相关分析表明,施氮量与蛋白质含量和硬度呈极显著正相关,与米饭食味值、黏度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和片层距离呈极显著负相关。而密度与稻米食味品质和淀粉结构相关指标均无显著相关性。
文摘【目的】探讨四川省成都平原稻田直播油菜高产、氮肥高效利用的氮肥施用量。【方法】连续两年(2015—2017)在四川省广汉市西高镇进行大田定位试验,设置5个不同施氮量处理(0、135、180、225、270 kg N/hm^(2)),测定油菜成熟期0~20 cm土层土壤无机氮含量、籽粒产量和植株氮素吸收量,分析不同施氮量对直播油菜产量、氮肥利用率和农田氮素表观平衡的影响。【结果】与不施氮(N_(0))处理相比,增施氮肥能显著增加油菜株高、分枝部位、一次分枝数、单株角果数和籽粒产量,但株高、分枝部位和籽粒产量在4个施氮处理(135、180、225、270 kg N/hm^(2))之间无显著差异。氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力均随施氮量增加而降低,且各施氮量处理间差异显著。当施氮量为135~180 kg N/hm^(2)时,氮输出总量与氮输入总量差异不大,氮素表观损失较低,氮素盈余较低,且氮素盈余以土壤无机氮残留为主。由于连续两年相同施氮处理的累积效应,第2年的氮素表观损失和氮素盈余均高于第1年相同施氮处理。随施氮量增加,氮肥表观利用率和氮肥表观残留率均呈先上升后下降的趋势。氮肥表观损失率随着施氮量的增加总体上表现为下降趋势。【结论】综合考虑油菜籽粒产量、氮肥高效利用和农田氮素表观平衡等,成都平原稻田直播油菜推荐施氮量为180 kg N/hm^(2)。
文摘Studies were carried out for two years to evaluate the effect of methods of sowing and weed control practices on the productivity of transplanted and direct wet-seeded rice in Dera Ismail Khan, NWFP, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement. The planting techniques viz. transplanting and direct seeding were maintained in main plots while weed control practices included the use of granular herbicide Sunstar 15WG （ethoxy sulfuron）, Machete 60EC （butachlor）, conventional hand weeding, and the weedy check （control） were assigned to the sub-plots. Data were recorded on weed parameters like weed density and dry weed biomass 60 and 90 days after sowing （DAS）; agronomic parameters including plant population, number of panicles and paddy yield and physiological parameters like leaf area index and net assimilation rate 45 and 90 DAS. The planting methods and weed management significantly influenced most of the parameters studied. The data revealed that the paddy yield and its components were significantly higher in the transplanted method than that in direct-seeded method, while the weed density and biomass were lower in the transplanted plots than the direct-seeded plots. Among weed management tools, the maximum paddy yield was obtained in hand weeding, closely followed by herbicide application Machete 60EC during both cropping seasons.
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effects of different N application rates and densities on the growth and development of direct-seeding rape as well as on its yield.[Methods] A field experiment was carried out by setting five N fertilizer treatments and three density levels.[Results] Increasing seeding density and N application rate could improve the seed yield of rape. The suitable N application rate for the three densities were calculated using the fitted fertilizer efficiency models, respectively, to be 186.77, 221.35 and 236.14 kg/hm^2, at which the yields were the highest. The results showed that in this area, the seeding density of direct-seeding rape could be selected in the range of 6.0×10^5-7.5×10^5 plants/hm^2, and the suitable N application rate could be in the range of 221.35-236.14 kg/hm^2.[Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the maximization of spatial resource and efficient utilization of fertilizer.
文摘以早熟棉中棉所50为材料进行麦后直播棉花试验,研究施氮量(0、60、120、150、180、240kg N·hm^(-2))对棉株氮素吸收、利用和分配的影响.结果表明:增施氮肥提高了麦后直播棉不同生育阶段的氮吸收量,以盛花到见絮期的氮积累增量最大,并且改变了不同生育期间氮吸收比例,使棉花出苗到盛花期的氮吸收比例降低,盛花到吐絮期的氮吸收比例升高;增施氮肥还降低了生育后期中上部位果枝氮浓度的下降速率.麦后直播棉氮素和生物量累积以中下部果枝为主,在150-180 kg N·hm^(-2)施氮量下棉花产量、氮肥表观利用率、各果枝部位干物质和氮在生殖器官中的分配比例较高,氮浓度和氮累积量动态特征参数比较协调.高于180kg N·hm^(-2)的施氮量导致棉花中部和下部果枝生殖器官生物量和氮素累积量、产量增幅和氮肥利用率降低,而低于150 kg N·hm^(-2)施氮量降低棉花整株干物质和氮经济系数,不利于高产形成.综合分析,150~180kg N·hm^(-2)施氮量可作为长江流域下游棉区麦后直播棉的推荐施氮量.
